Genetic evaluation of sheep for resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes and body size including genomic information

Torres Tatiana Saraiva,Sena Luciano Silva,Santos Gleyson Vieira dos,Figueiredo Filho Luiz Antonio Silva,Barbosa Bruna Lima,Júnior Antônio de Sousa,Britto Fábio Barros,Sarmento José Lindenberg Rocha 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.4

Objective: The genetic evaluation of Santa Inês sheep was performed for resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection (RGNI) and body size using different relationship matrices to assess the efficiency of including genomic information in the analyses. Methods: There were 1,637 animals in the pedigree and 500, 980, and 980 records of RGNI, thoracic depth (TD), and rump height (RH), respectively. The genomic data consisted of 42,748 SNPs and 388 samples genotyped with the OvineSNP50 BeadChip. The (co)variance components were estimated in single- and multi-trait analyses using the numerator relationship matrix (A) and the hybrid matrix H, which blends A with the genomic relationship matrix (G). The BLUP and single-step genomic BLUP methods were used. The accuracies of estimated breeding values and Spearman rank correlation were also used to assess the feasibility of incorporating genomic information in the analyses. Results: The heritability estimates ranged from 0.11±0.07, for TD (in single-trait analysis using the A matrix), to 0.38±0.08, for RH (using the H matrix in multi-trait analysis). The estimates of genetic correlation ranged from –0.65±0.31 to 0.59±0.19, using A, and from –0.42±0.30 to 0.57±0.16 using H. The gains in accuracy of estimated breeding values ranged from 2.22% to 75.00% with the inclusion of genomic information in the analyses. Conclusion: The inclusion of genomic information will benefit the direct selection for the traits in this study, especially RGNI and TD. More information is necessary to improve the understanding on the genetic relationship between resistance to nematode infection and body size in Santa Inês sheep. The genetic evaluation for the evaluated traits was more efficient when genomic information was included in the analyses. Objective: The genetic evaluation of Santa Inês sheep was performed for resistance to gastrointestinal nematode infection (RGNI) and body size using different relationship matrices to assess the efficiency of including genomic information in the analyses.Methods: There were 1,637 animals in the pedigree and 500, 980, and 980 records of RGNI, thoracic depth (TD), and rump height (RH), respectively. The genomic data consisted of 42,748 SNPs and 388 samples genotyped with the OvineSNP50 BeadChip. The (co)variance components were estimated in single- and multi-trait analyses using the numerator relationship matrix (A) and the hybrid matrix H, which blends A with the genomic relationship matrix (G). The BLUP and single-step genomic BLUP methods were used. The accuracies of estimated breeding values and Spearman rank correlation were also used to assess the feasibility of incorporating genomic information in the analyses.Results: The heritability estimates ranged from 0.11±0.07, for TD (in single-trait analysis using the A matrix), to 0.38±0.08, for RH (using the H matrix in multi-trait analysis). The estimates of genetic correlation ranged from –0.65±0.31 to 0.59±0.19, using A, and from –0.42±0.30 to 0.57±0.16 using H. The gains in accuracy of estimated breeding values ranged from 2.22% to 75.00% with the inclusion of genomic information in the analyses.Conclusion: The inclusion of genomic information will benefit the direct selection for the traits in this study, especially RGNI and TD. More information is necessary to improve the understanding on the genetic relationship between resistance to nematode infection and body size in Santa Inês sheep. The genetic evaluation for the evaluated traits was more efficient when genomic information was included in the analyses.

SPIF-A: on the development of a new concept of incremental forming machine

R.J. Alves de Sousa,J.A.F. Ferreira,J.B. Sá de Farias,J.N.D. Torrão,D.G. Afonso,M.A.B.E Martins 국제구조공학회 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.49 No.5

This paper presents the design and project of an innovative concept for a Single PointIncremental Forming (SPIF) Machine. Nowadays, equipment currently available for conducting SPIF resultmostly from the adaptation of conventional CNC machine tools that results in a limited range of applicationsin terms of materials and geometries. There is also a limited market supply of equipment dedicated toIncremental Sheet Forming (ISF), that are costly considering low batches, making it unattractive forindustry. Other factors impairing a quicker spread of SPIF are large forming times and poor geometricalaccuracy of parts. The following sections will depict the development of a new equipment, designed toovercome some of the limitations of machines currently used, allowing the development of a sounding basisfor further studies on the particular features of this process. The equipment here described possesses sixdegrees-of freedom for the tool, for the sake of improved flexibility in terms of achievable tool-paths and anextra stiffness provided by a parallel kinematics scheme. A brief state of the art about the existing SPIFmachines is provided to support the project’s guidelines.

Combination of a new ultrasonic tip with rotary systems for the preparation of flattened root canals

Tavares Karina Ines Medina Carita,Pinto Jáder Camilo,Santos-Junior Airton Oliveira,Esteves Torres Fernanda Ferrari,Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria,Tanomaru-Filho Mario 대한치과보존학회 2021 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.46 No.4

Objectives This study evaluated 2 nickel-titanium rotary systems and a complementary protocol with an ultrasonic tip and a small-diameter instrument in flattened root canals. Materials and Methods Thirty-two human maxillary second premolars with flattened canals (buccolingual diameter ≥4 times larger than the mesiodistal diameter) at 9 mm from the radiographic apex were selected. The root canals were prepared by ProDesign Logic (PDL) 30/0.01 and 30/0.05 or Hyflex EDM (HEDM) 10/0.05 and 25/0.08 (n = 16), followed by application of the Flatsonic ultrasonic tip in the cervical and middle thirds and a PDL 25/0.03 file in the apical third (FPDL). The teeth were scanned using micro-computed tomography before and after the procedures. The percentage of volume increase, debris, and uninstrumented surface area were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, Wilcoxon, analysis of variance/Tukey, and paired and unpaired t-tests (α = 0.05). Results No significant difference was found in the volume increase and uninstrumented surface area between PDL and HEDM (p > 0.05). PDL had a higher percentage of debris than HEDM in the middle and apical thirds (p < 0.05). The FPDL protocol resulted in less debris and uninstrumented surface area for PDL and HEDM (p < 0.05). This protocol, with HEDM, reduced debris in the middle and apical thirds and uninstrumented surface area in the apical third (p < 0.05). Conclusions High percentages of debris and uninstrumented surface area were observed after preparation of flattened root canals. The HEDM, Flatsonic tip, and 25/0.03 instrument protocol enhanced cleaning in flattened root canals.

Synthesis by a solid state reaction of the Sr4Al6O12SO4 compound

J.A. Rodríguez-García,E. Rocha-Rangel,J. Torres-Torres,J. M. Almanza-Robles 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2011 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.12 No.3

The synthesis and formation of Sr4Al6O12SO4 in the system SrCO3-Al2O3-SrSO4 has been studied in the range of temperatures from 800 oC to 1400 oC using X-ray diffraction, thermo gravimetric, differential thermal and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Pellets of a mixture of 3 : 3 : 1 molar ratio of reactive grade Al2O3, SrCO3 and SrSO4 respectively were prepared, by solid state sintering, the reactive powders were thoroughly mixed under high energy ball-milling, uniaxially pressed into cylindrical samples and pressureless-sintered. Additionally the densities of some samples that were heat treated for 10 h at 1200, 1300 and 1400 oC were determined by the Archimedes method. The powder mixture was analyzed by TGA and DTA from room temperature to 1200 oC. XRD patterns indicated the formation of Sr3Al2O6 and SrAl2O4 as intermediate phases that nearly at the end of the process reacted with SrSO4 to form Sr4Al6O12SO4. The formation of Sr4Al6O12SO4 was complete at 1150 oC as XRD and DTA analysis indicated. An increase in the heat treatment time promotes the formation of Sr4Al6O12SO4at lower temperatures. The Sr4Al6O12SO4 powders were composed of spherical particles of small agglomerates. Results of density measurement indicated that only 80% of the theoretical density was reached for a treatment at 1400 oC of 10 h, which indicated the difficulty to obtain a dense material.

Physical Properties of the Sr4Al6O12SO4 Ceramic Compound

J.A. Rodríguez-García,E. Rocha-Rangel,J. López Hernández,C.A. Hernández Bocanegra,A.L. Leal Cruz,J.M. Almanza Robles,J. Torres Torres 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2017 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.18 No.11

The Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound was synthesized by a solid state reaction starting from stoichiometric mixtures of 3 : 3 : 1 molar ratio of reactive grade of SrCO3, Al2O3 and SrSO4, respectively. Cylindrical samples were confirmed by uniaxial pressing at 100 MPa and were heat treated at 1400 oC during 4 hrs. Subsequently, the samples were ground and re-conformed in cylindrical shape samples by uniaxial pressing at 300 MPa. The new samples were heat treated at 1400 oC during 24 hrs. This process was done in order to increase density of the samples. The Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound was characterized by the study of its physical properties such as: density, micro-hardness, thermal expansion and stability, enthalpy of formation, magnetic properties and electrical conductivity. Experimental results show that the maximum density obtained for the Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound was 2.913 grcm−3, with thermal expansion coefficient of 10.12E−06(oC−1); it also presents an enthalpy of 2.3 KJmol-1 and an excellent thermal stability at elevated temperatures in different atmospheres. In addition, the Sr4Al6O12SO4 ceramic compound is neither electrically conductive nor magnetic.

How do psychological, habitual and built environment factors influence cycling in a city with a well-connected cycling infrastructure?

J. Rafael Verduzco Torres,Jinhyun Hong,David Philip McArthur 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2022 도시과학국제저널 Vol.26 No.3

Many scholars have sought effective ways to encourage people to cycle more. A considerable amount of effort has focused on the role of dedicated cycling infrastructure. However, knowledge on the roles and interactions of other factors that are influential in addition to infrastructure in cities where the cycling network is well-developed remains incomplete. In this study, we examined how various individual-level attributes, namely psychological, habitual, and socio-demographic, in addition to the built environment characteristics relate to cycling behaviour of employees of the Erasmus University Rotterdam, in the Netherlands, where comprehensive cycling infrastructure is provided. Specifically, we investigated how these factors relate to being a cyclist or not, as well as how they are associated with regular and irregular cyclists. An online survey was conducted among employees of the university and logistic regression models were utilized for the analyses. Our results showed that the perception of behavioural control is consistently correlated with different cycling behaviour while controlling for socio-demographic and residential built environment factors. Also, we found evidence supporting a trade-off between attitudes and habit across different types of commuters. Socio-demographic factors such as gender and year of immigration to the Netherlands are only related to being engaged in cycling but not to increasing the level of engagement among employees who cycled already. The type of residential area and population/business density at destinations does not appear as a consistent covariate. We concluded that psychological and habitual factors play key roles in encouraging cycling in a city with an extensive cycling infrastructure network.

Evaluation of MgCo2O4 nanoparticles as a gas sensor for the detection of acetone in the diabetic and non-diabetic range

J. P. Morán-Lázaro,F. López-Urías,E. Muñoz-Sandoval,M. Courel-Piedrahita,A. Carreon-Alvarez,V. M. Rodríguez-Betancourtt,I. Zamudio-Torres,E. S. Guillén-López,A. Palafox-Corona 대한금속·재료학회 2023 ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LETTERS Vol.19 No.1

The acetone contained in human breath is of great interest for the health sector as it is a marker that allows to diagnoseand control diabetes in a non-invasive way. However, its concentration is extremely low. Therefore, high-performanceacetone sensors are still a challenge. With this in mind, MgCo 2 O 4 nanoparticles were synthesized using a microwaveassistedcolloidal route with subsequent calcination. Structural and morphological characterizations were done through varioustechniques. The MgCo 2 O 4 sensor was fabricated with the sample calcined at 500 °C. The sensing results showed that thesensor could detect acetone vapors ranging from 0.5 to 50 ppm at an optimum operating temperature of 250 °C with a highresponse, repeatability, stability, and selectivity. These sensing characteristics revealed that MgCo 2 O 4 could be used as a newsensor material to detect acetone in exhaled human breath.

ALTCALC : Electronic Altitude and Distance Calculating Device

J. G. Casia,K. A.,De La Torre,S. E.,Nellas 국제과학영재학회 2017 APEC Youth Scientist Journal Vol.9 No.1

Altitude measurement in fields, forestry and engineering remain essential but still conventional methods of altitude measurement remain challenging. Present altitude measurement methods include height poles for trees and photogrammetric instruments. Both methods remain arduous as either process is both time and money consuming or susceptible to large parallax errors. In this innovative work an altitude and distance calculating device out of potentiometers based on trigonometry was developed. A laser diode was attached to a potentiometer, and the other components were soldered together in a circuit board. Device accuracy and precision was determined. User satisfaction survey was also noted. For the altimeter testing, the lasers were pointed at the top of the object and the device was placed at a 1-meter distance from the base of the object. The device was set to measure different heights from 0.5 m to 2.5m. For the distance sensor, the lasers were pointed at a 1-meter height and the device was set to measure different distances from 0.5m to 2.5m. Three replicates for each trial were performed and device readings were then compared to actual measurements to determine accuracy. Standard deviations of reading were then computed to determine precision. Net Promoter Score was used in order to assess external evaluator feedback. An Arduino based altimeter and distance sensor was successfully fabricated with 94.2 percent degree of accuracy and 95.4 percent precision for height measurement. For the distance sensor, a 91.4% accuracy, and 95.4% precision was determined. The device garnered a net promoter score of 66%.

Analyzing corrosion rates of TiO₂ nanotubes/titanium separation passive layer under surface and crystallization changes

Torres, I. Zamudio,Dominguez, A. Sosa,Bueno, J.J. Perez,Meas, Y.,Lopez, M.L. Mendoza,Dector, A. Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.10 No.3

The evaluation of the corrosion resistance of titanium with a TiO2 nanotubes top layer was carried out (TiO2 NT). These nanostructures were evolved into anatase nanoparticles without heat treatment in an aqueous medium, which is a novel phenomenon. This work analyzes the layer between the nanotube bottom and the substrate, which is thin and still susceptible to corrosion. The bottom of TiO2 nanotubes having Fluor resulting from the synthesis process changed between amorphous to crystalline anatase with a crystallite size of about 4 nm, which influenced the corrosion rates. Four kinds of samples were evaluated. A) NT by Ti anodizing; B) NTSB for Ti plates, either modifying its surface or anodizing the modified surface; C) NT-480 for anodized Ti and heat-treated (480℃) for reaching the anatase phase; D) NTSB-480 for Ti plates, first, modifying its surface using sandblast, after that, anodizing the modified surface, and finally, heat-treated to 480℃ to compare with samples having induced crystallization and passivation. Four electrochemical techniques were used to evaluate the corrosion rates. The surfaces having TiO2 nanotubes with a sandblast pre-treatment had the highest resistance to corrosion.

First-principles calculation of volatile organic compound adsorption on carbon nanotubes: Furan as case of study

Torres Ana M.,Correa J. D. 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.5

Sensing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is a growing research topic because of the concern about their hazard for the environment and health. Furan is a VOC produced during food processing, and it has been classifed as a risk molecule for human health and a possible biomarker of prostate cancer. The use of carbon nanotubes for VOCs sensing systems design could be a good alternative. In this work, a theoretical evaluation of the interactions between furan and zigzag single-wall carbon nanotubes takes into account diferent positions and orientations of the furan molecule, within a density-functional theory frst-principles approach. The van der Waals interactions are considered using diferent exchange-correlation functionals (BH,C09, DRSLL and KBM). The results indicate that vdW-functionals do not signifcantly afect geometry; however, the binding energy and the distance between furan and nanotube are strongly dependent on the selected exchange-correlation functional. On the other hand, the efects of single and double vacancies on carbon nanotube are considered. It was found that the redistribution of charge around the single-vacancy afects the bandgap, magnetic moment, and binding energy of the complex, while furan interaction with a double-vacancy does not considerably change the electronic structure of the system. Our results suggest that to induce changes in the electronic properties of carbon nanotubes by furan, it is necessary to change the nanotube surface, for example, by means of structural defects.