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침의 진통효과: 체성감각신경자극으로 유도된 진통작용에 대한 기능성자기공명영상장치를 이용한 연구
조장희,황선출,손영돈,강창기,배선준,이언정,성강경,박태석,김영보,민훈기,Cho, Zang-hee,Hwang, Seon-chool,Son, Young-don,Kang, Chang-ki,Wong, Edward K.,Bai, Sun-joon,Lee, Un-jung,Sung, Kang-kyung,Park, Tae-seok,Kim, Young-bo,Min, Hoon 대한침구의학회 2004 대한침구의학회지 Vol.21 No.2
Objective : Physiological evidence regarding acupuncture's effect in human patients is not yet well established, despite considerable evidence for its therapeutic efficacy. Besides target or disease specificity of acupuncture, acupuncture analgesia (AA) appears to be another large subclass that poses many questions, such as whether there is point specificity with respect to which acupoint is most effective for a particular condition. Methods : We observed brain activation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using a set of stimuli that consist of pain, pain following Meridian acupuncture, and pain following Sham acupuncture. Results : Among the new observations, the most interesting fact is that data sets of both Meridian acupuncture and Sham acupuncture show decreased activation of the same brain areas related to the pain processing signals. Present functional MRI study demonstrate two important biological observations that could elucidate AA mechanism in human participants: the effects of acupuncture occur through mediation of the higher brain areas. Sham acupuncture stimulation appears to be almost as effective as traditional Meridian acupoint stimulation, suggesting that acupuncture is not entirely point specific. Decreased activation in the limbic paleo cortical areas appears to be the probable neurological manifestation of AA and strongly implies that acupuncture stimulation inhibits the transmission of ascending pain signals to the higher cortical areas by the previously known descending pain inhibitory circuit. Conclusion : We, therefore, a hypothesized that this pain inhibitory circuit is initiated and mediated via the broad sense Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal (BS HPA) axis in conjunction to the "sensory stimulation."
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신소영,이충일,황선출,조규대,Shin, So-Young,Lee, Chung-Il,Hwang, Sun-Chool,Cho, Kyu-Dae 해양환경안전학회 2004 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.10 No.2
1981년부터 1998년까지 연구해역에서 COD와 DIP의 2월, 4월, 8월, 11월의 월별 분포양상은 비슷하였고, 두 항목 모두 8월에 가장 높은 값을 보인 반면 DIN의 경우는 2월, 4월, 8월, 11월로 갈수록 점차 증가하는 경향을 보였다. COD값은 1990년부터 1992년까지점차 증가하다가 1993년, 1994년으로 갈수록 감소하는 것을 볼 수 있는데, 이것은 마산만의 준설기간 중반부터 준설의 효과가 표층까지 나타난 것으로 보여진다. DIN과 DIP의 표층 농도 변화에는 준설의 효과가 뚜렷이 나타나지 않았다. COD의 공간적인 변동에서 적조가 빈발하였던 연도가 그렇지 않았던 연도에 비해 높은 COD농도의 분포가 마산만 밖으로 확장되어 있었고, 준설에 의한 COD값의 뚜렷한 변동은 나타나지 않았다. 전체적으로 DIN농도의 공간적인 분포 양상을 살펴보면 마산만의 안쪽에서부터 바깥쪽으로 오염이 점차 확장되었다. 마산만의 가장 안쪽 지점이 일정한 경향이 없이 높은 DIN농도를 유지하였으며, 내만 유역에 마산만의 오염원이 집중되어 있고, 마산만 유역에서 생활하수 및 산업폐수가 계속적으로 유입되고 있었다. DIP농도의 공간적인 분포에서도 마산만 준설이 DIP의 표층 농도 변화에는 뚜렷한 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 강수량과 COD, DIN, DIP 농도 사이에는 일정한 상관성이 없었으며, 적조발생일수와 COD 농도 사이에는 0.66의 대체로 높은 상관성을 나타내었다. This study focuses on the relationship between pollution factors around Masan, Changwon and Chinhae city considerd as main pollution sources and marine environment in Masan bay of Korea. Water quality data measured In Jinhae bay and environmental investigation data in Masan, Changwon and Jinhae cities from 1981 to 1998 were used for this study. Annual means and standard deviations of COD, DIN and DIP concentrations from 1981 to 1998 showed that both their concentration and fluctuations were higher in the inner part of Masan bay (region A) than near Somodo (region B). Sediment dredging in Masan bay had been done from 1990 to 1994. After dredging, COD concentration has been decreasing In surface layer. Also water pollution was gradually spreaded from the inner part to the outer part of the bay due to the continuous inflow of domestic sewage and industrial wastewater. In the late of 1990s, the pollution was heavier. DIN and DIP concentrations were found to be increased by establishment of industry complex and decreased by sewage treatment plant near the city adjacent to Jinhae bay, 1993. The correlation between COD, DIN and DIP changes and neighbor cities' pollution sources were calculated From 1981 to 1998, correlation coefficient (r) was over 0.8 except for the bottom of region A From 1981 to 1998, r between the DIP concentration and population was over 0.65 except for the surface of region A, and the r between the DIP and the number of factories was over 0.6 too, in region B.
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낙동강, 서낙동강, 수영천 하구의 하상구조에 따른 연중 퇴적저토의 오염특성 연구와 부산근해 적조에의 영향에 관한 연구
황선출,이봉헌,박원우,정영언,박흥재,정성욱 한국환경과학회 1997 한국환경과학회지 Vol.6 No.5
This study was performed to investigate the riverbed structure and the pollution type in Nakdong River, Western Nakdong River, and Suyoung Stream. Sediment and water samples were collected at 15 in Nakdong River, 7 in Western Nakdong River, and 8 sites in Suyoung Stream from February 20, 1997 to June 15, 1997. The depth distributions of sampling sites in the three streams were measured and heavy metals(Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu) and pesticides in sediments and COD, BOD, and total nitrogen(T-N) in water samples were analyzed. The deepest and the shallowest sites were site 11(11.58m) and 9(3.35m) in Nakdong River, site 7(6.25m) and 4(2.06m) in Western Nakdong River, and site 8(2.89m) and 1(0.61m) in Suyoung Stream, respectively. The mean concentration of Cd(45.79ppm) was higher in the sediment of Western Nakdong River than in other two streams and those of Pb(76.25ppm), Cr(48.13ppm), and Cu(77.50ppm) were higher in the sediment of Suyoung Stream than in other two streams. Pesticides(1 kind of organophosphonis and 3 kinds of organochlorine pesticide) were detected only in the sediment of Western Nakdong River. The mean concentrations of COD(20.26ppm), BOD(25.36ppm), and T-N(18.05ppm) were higher in the water sample of Suyoung Stream than in other two streams.
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황선출,정성욱,박원우,김우성,이봉헌,박흥재 한국환경과학회 1996 한국환경과학회지 Vol.5 No.4
This study was performed to investigate the relationship between concentrations of heavy metals in sediment and the depths of 27 sampling sites along the West Nakdong river in downstream of Nakdong River. The deepest site was Kangdong bridge nearby 20ft. From here, the depth was shallowed to Chidong gradually. In each site the smaller mesh was, the higer concentration of heavy metal becomed. Concentration of Zn, Cd, Cr and Cu at inflow point of Shinoe stream was 576.016 ppm, 262.307 ppm, 68.674 ppm and 61.634 ppm, respectively, the concentration was the higest at this point. From here, it was lowered gradually. The concentration of heavy metal at inflow point of Joman river was 155.328 ppm, 56.485 ppm, 25.200 ppm and 31.172 ppm, respectively, those concentrations were higer than other points with the exception of Shinoe stream. Therefore, Joman river and Shinoe stream were the major source of pollution in West Nakdong river. Among two sources Shinoe stream was more important source of pollution. West Nakdong river has become lake by Noksan floodgate because it's pollution has had influence on Bonglim.
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