가출청소년에서 우울증상과 애착 및 중독문제

고미애(Miae Ko),홍민하(Minha Hong),김영은(Young-Eun Kim),하주원(Juwon Ha),이상민(Sang Min Lee),김현수(Hyun-Soo Kim) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2016 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.27 No.3

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between depression, attachment and addiction problems in runaway youths. Methods: We sent a questionnaire package to 187 runaway youths in 18 adolescent shelters. The questionnaire package collected their sociodemographic data and included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Inventory of Parent Attachment (IPA), Korean Internet Addiction Self-Scale (K-Scale), Korean version of Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, and Korean version of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. Results: The percentage of youth with depression was 28.8% (N=54). In the depression group, there were significantly more problematic alcohol users (53.06%, p=.0199) and significantly lower IPA scores (p=.0064). There was a significant negative correlation between depression and a IPA, and significant positive correlation between depression and the K-Scale. Conclusion: These results suggest that runaway youths with depression have more problematic alcohol drinking and attachment problems.

Missed Clues for Early Detection of Asperger Syndrome : A Comparison Between Younger and Older Visitors

박진건(Jin Keon Park),홍민하(Minha Hong),이연정(Yeon Jung Lee),한주희(Juhee Han),황보람(Ram Hwangbo),반건호(Geon Ho Bahn) 대한사회정신의학회 2015 사회정신의학 Vol.20 No.2

본 연구는 아스퍼거 장애의 조기 진단을 위한 임상적 단서를 확인하고자 시행되었다. 1998년부터 2013년까지 일 대학 병원에서 아스퍼거 장애로 확진된 환자 31명의 병록지를 후향적으로 검토하여 사회인구학적 및 임상적 특성을 분석하였다. 병원에 방문하는 가장 많은 이유는 또래 관계 형성의 어려움이었다. 신경학적 결손에 대한 평가를 위해 VIQ와 PIQ의 차이의 절대값과 뇌파검사 자료를 검토하였다. VIQ와 PIQ 검사를 시행한 29명 중 15명이 15점 이상의 차이를 보였고, 뇌파를 시행한 17명 중 8명이 국소적 간질파 소견을 보였다. 전체 집단 자료 분석 후 최초 병원 방문 시 연령에 따라 13세를 기준으로 두 집단으로 나누어 집단간 비교하였다. 13세를 집단 분류 기준으로 채택한 이유는 기존 아스퍼거 장애 연구에서 거의 대부분의 아스퍼거 환자들이 13세 이전에 진단을 받았다는 점과, 우리나라 학제 상 초등학교에서 중학교로 진학하면서 적응상의 문제가 확대될 수 있는 연령이기 때문이다. 13세 이상 집단에서 공존 장애 숫자가 더 많았다(p=0.036). 주의력결핍/과잉행동장애가 가장 많은 공존질환이었으며, 가장 많이 사용되고 있는 약물은 항우울 제였다(p=0.025). 따라서 임상가들은 소아 및 성인 환자에서 흔히 나타나는 또래 관계 또는 대인 관계 어려움이 아스퍼거 장애의 중요한 단서임을 기억해야 할 필요가 있으며, 아스퍼거 장애 환자 진료시 신경학적 이상에 대한 평가를 고려해야 할 것이다. We investigated clinical clues retrospectively that would be valuable for the early diagnosis of Asperger syndrome. Subjects were 31 patients, mean age 14.3±6.6 years old on the first visit, at one university hospital from 1998 to 2013. The main reason of the hospital visit was the difficulty in peer relationship. As indirect methods to investigate the neurologic deficits, we checked the absolute value of the difference between verbal and performance IQ and the epileptiform discharge of the electroencephalograpy (EEG). 51.7% showed higher than 15 of the absolute value of IQ difference. Among 17 patients who had taken EEG, eight (47.0%) subjects revealed focal epileptiform discharge. After the analysis of whole subjects, we divided the subjects into two groups by the age of 13 on the first visit. The older than 13 years old group revealed significantly more comorbidities (p=0.036) and used more antidepressants (p=0.025) than the younger ones. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder was the most common comorbidity in both groups. These results suggest that health professionals have to keep in mind that peer relationship issue is one of the critical clues in order to not miss Asperger syndrome for young kids and adolescents. Thorough status checkup including neurophysiologic examinations should be considered for individuals with developmental delay.

영유아보육이 아동의 정신건강에 미치는 영향

반건호(Geon Ho Bahn),홍민하(Minha Hong),이연정(Yeon Jung Lee),곽영숙(Young Sook Kwack),정유숙(Yoo-Sook Joung),이소영(Soyoung Irene Lee),김봉석(Bongseog Kim),손석한(Seok Han Sohn),정운선(Un-Sun Chung),양재원(Jaewon Yang),방수영(Soo-Yo 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2013 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.24 No.1

Most preschool children in Korea attend kindergarten (KG) or a child care center (CCC). CCCs, which focus on caring for the child, belong to the ministry of health and welfare. On the other hand, KGs are responsible for education, and belong to the ministry of education, science and technology. In order to resolve the decline in population due to low birthrates, the government is expanding the free child care and education policies. CCCs and KGs are combined together to form the ‘NURI curriculum’ and supporting funds have been increased in both governmental departments. In addition, economic support is provided for homeschooling households. Because this is a nationwide policy and applies to every single household, thorough preparation regarding the effect and side effects must be made. This policy is currently being implemented, and as child and adolescent psychiatrists, great consideration should be given to the influence on the population. Therefore, the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry intends to investigate the effects and problems of the nationwide policy by analyzing the current condition of Korea’s free child care and education and foreign policies. In the current paper, we reviewed the developmental process of Korea’s free child care and education policy, as well as suggested future directions.

한국판 저장행동평가척도의 표준화 연구

이혜민,장진구,송후림,이수영,홍민하,김세주,김찬형,Lee, Hye Min,Chang, Jhin Goo,Song, Hoo Rim,Lee, Soo Young,Hong, Minha,Kim, Se Joo,Kim, Chan-Hyung 대한불안의학회 2021 대한불안의학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Objective : The Hoarding Rating Scale-Self-Report (HRS-SR) is a five-item scale that simply assesses the hoarding symptoms. We evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Korean version of the HRS-SR (HRS-SR-K). Methods : A total of 144 individuals completed the self-administered questionnaires including HRS-SR-K, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised-Korean version (OCI-R-K), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Psychometric properties of the HRS-SR-K were analyzed. Results : The Cronbach's α value for internal consistency of the HRS-SR-K was excellent (Cronbach's α=0.84). The construct validity was analyzed on the basis of principal component analysis and one-factor structure of the original scale was maintained. The HRS-SR-K total score and each item scores were more strongly correlated with the hoarding subscale score in OCI-R-K (convergent validity, r=0.71, p<0.01) than the corresponding scores of nonspecific depression or anxiety measures (discriminant validity). Conclusion : The HRS-SR-K is a simple and reliable self-report scale for examining the severity of hoarding symptoms.

19세 미만 인구의 정신장애 진단 분포

황보람(Ram Hwangbo),장혜정(Hyejung Chang),홍민하(Minha Hong),조성우(Seongwoo Cho),반건호(Geon Ho Bahn) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2016 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.27 No.2

Objectives: As a preliminary study on the prevalence of mental disorders in Korean children and adolescents, we investigated the diagnosis distribution of mental disorders in people under 19 years of age using the health insurance data. Methods: From the 2011 health insurance data of 1,375,842 people, the data of 286,465 people under 19 years old were extracted. Among them, we selected 10,778 with psychiatric diagnoses; male 6,453 (59.9%) and female 4,325 (40.1%). The frequency of psychiatric diagnoses in the males was 10,140 (62.7%) cases, which was significantly higher than that (6,031; 37.3%) in the females. We categorized the groups into 3 year intervals. Results: In the males under 3 years old, F80 was the most prevalent diagnosis, followed by F98. F90 and F41 were the most prevalent in the 4-15 and above 16 years old groups, respectively. In the females, F98 was the most prevalent in the children up to 3 years old, while F80 was the second most prevalent. In the 4-6 years of age group, F98 was the most prevalent, followed by F93. F90 and F41 were predominant in the 7-12 and above 12 years old groups, respectively. Conclusion: In the analysis of the frequency of diagnosis of mental disorders in the population under 19 years old, there were significant differences in the distribution based on age and gender.

태교의 효과를 과학적으로 증명할 수 있을까?

김선주(Sun Ju Kim),이연정(Yeon Jung Lee),홍민하(Minha Hong),문덕수(Duk Soo Moon),반건호(Geon Ho Bahn) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2013 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.24 No.4

Objectives:‘Taegyo,’ prenatal education, is steeped into Korean culture. Although there has been a traditional focus on providing education and care for the fetus in Korea, there is a lack of medical evidence for its effectiveness. Methods:The authors assessed the scientific basis for ‘Taegyo’ by reviewing the evidences. Results:‘Taegyo’ in Korea began with the spread of Buddhist culture from China, and transmitted by word-of-mouth. The first ‘Taegyo’ book, the Tae-gyo-shin-gi, was published on 1803. Modern prenatal education is very diverse. However, only a few studies on its effect have been conducted. Development of medicine, especially obstetrics, fetology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and etc., has learned that many factors, including bad environmental conditions and maternal stress, influenced against the fetus and mother. As for the paternal side, occupation, smoking, and stress were also revealed to have consequences for the development of the fetus. On the contrary, adequate maternal nutrition, exercise, and music stimulation positively impact the fetal development and healthy birth. Conclusion:Traditional contents of ‘Taegyo’ were proved to have effectiveness from evidence-based medicine and animal experiments. We need further studies to explore the impact of prenatal education for the fetal development and maternal health.

대한소아청소년정신의학회 Vision 2033 보고서

김봉석(Bongseog Kim),문덕수(Duk-Soo Moon),곽영숙(Young-Sook Kwack),홍민하(Minha Hong),반건호(Geon Ho Bahn) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2014 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.25 No.3

This is an analysis report of the “Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (KACAP), Vision 2033 Survey”. The survey questionnaires were developed by the planning department of KACAP and sent to KACAP members from 2012 to 2013. This survey consisted of six categories : membership, academic activity, journal publication, administrative system, fellowship training program, and future planning. The response rate was 40.5%. In addition to multiple choice questions, responders also described their own ideas and suggestions regarding KACAP. The results of this study can be used as evidence for planning the vision 2033 of KACAP.

도시 쉼터 남성 노숙인의 우울, 아동기외상, 울분에 따른 중독 특성과의 관련성

정희연(Heeyeon Chung),조선진(Sun-Jin Jo),송후림(Hoo Rim Song),홍민하(Minha Hong),김우정(Woo jung Kim),김영종(Young-Jong Kim),김현수(Hyun-Soo Kim) 한국중독정신의학회 2017 중독정신의학 Vol.21 No.2

Objectives : This study investigated the effects of depression, child trauma, and embitterment on the characteristics on the addiction problems in homeless men. Methods : The subjects were 120 homeless men from a city shelter in Seoul. Questionnaires with socio-demographic and psychiatric content were administered. The instruments included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Post-Traumatic Embitterment Disorder Self-rating Scale, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, the Canadian Problem Gambling Index, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form. We analyzed the demographic data, score of the above instruments, and frequencies of the addiction problems in homeless men. Results : Depressed subjects displayed significantly higher frequencies in problematic alcohol use, nicotine dependence, and problematic gambling. The child trauma group had significantly higher frequency in problematic alcohol use. The embitterment group exhibited significantly higher frequencies in problematic alcohol use, nicotine dependence, problematic gambling, and problematic smartphone use. Conclusion : The study findings suggest that homeless men with depression, child trauma, embitterment have higher frequencies in addiction problems compared to homeless men without those factors.

인지기능이 정상인 노인에게서 주관적 기억력 저하의 위험요인

허승(Seung Huh),이정재(Jung Jae Lee),이석범(Seok Bum Lee),홍민하(Minha Hong),이경규(Kyung Kyu Lee),백기청(Ki Chung Paik) 대한노인정신의학회 2014 노인정신의학 Vol.18 No.2

Objective:We examined the risk factors for subjective memory impairment in cognitively normal elderly. Methods:One hundred fifty five cognitively normal elderly individuals with subjective memory impairment and 126 normal control subjects without subjective memory impairment were selected. All participants underwent clinical evaluation for dementia and clinical psychiatric disorder conformed to the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Packet and Korean version of Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, respectively. Korean version of Geriatric Depression Scale-Revised was administered to evaluate depression. Subjective memory impairment was defined as 1) subjective memory complaint by the participant and/or the informants and 2) evidence of memory impairment. Results:Depression [odds ratio (OR)=1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.03-1.10] and female (OR=2.27, 95% CI=1.17- 4.39) significantly increased the risk of subjective memory impairment in cognitively normal elderly. Conclusion:Depression can be a risk factor of subjective memory impairment in cognitively normal elderly. The clinicians should be vigilant regarding the presence of depression when assessing the subjects with subjective memory complaint.

영화와 동화에 나타난 소아의 외상적 사건과 탄력성

유희정(Hee-Jeong Yoo),김봉석(Bongseog Kim),황준원(Jun-Won Hwang),박찬민(Chan Min Park),홍민하(Minha Hong),반건호(Geon Ho Bahn) 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2013 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.24 No.2

Psychological resilience in children preventing them from being overwhelmed by traumatic events and nurture their healthy development is universal and powerful. Movies about fairy tales provide children with the notion of the existence of the power and various manifestations. Even though the traumatic event affects the development of the child, with a good supporting system and by providing healthy internal and external factors to reconstruct the event, the traumatized child may accept the event objectively, develop the healthier part of the ego, and even sublimate the traumatic events. As the children participate in movies or plays, several protectors can be devised. The child prepares the role under a “promise” of virtual reality, performs the role recognizing that the traumatic event is not real, and returns to real life as the role or play ends. When these protectors are provided, it is considered that resilience can function properly and the role does not have a negative influence on the development of a child.