온침 표준화를 위한 열자극 요소 연구: 침 두께 및 피부-뜸 거리를 중심으로

양승범,권오상,Yang, Seung-Bum,Kwon, O Sang 경락경혈학회 2019 대한침구의학회지 Vol.36 No.4

Objectives : Warm needling is a combined treatment technique of acupuncture and moxibustion. In this study, we aimed to find out the components related with the thermal stimulation of the warm needling and to provide basic data for the guideline of the warm needling technique in the clinic. Methods : In this study, we measured thermal change of 3% agarose phantom embedding K-type thermocouples in depths of 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mm. The warm needling was performed with acupuncture needles of various specifications (0.50×30, 0.50×40, 0.30×30, 0.30×40, 0.20×30 and 0.20×40 mm). A linear regression analysis was performed to find out the major component and quantify the effectiveness of the thermal stimulation during warm needling. Results : As a result of the measurement of temperature change, we could observe the thermal change pattern from the surface of the phantom to the 16mm deep part of the phantom. The thermal pattern was similar among the needles of different specifications. The regression analysis pointed the distance between the moxa cautery and the skin surface as the main component for the thermal stimulation of the warm needling. Conclusions : The authors suggest considering the distance between moxa cautery and the skin rather than the diameter of the acupuncture needle in accordance to the result of the study.

온침의 열전달 특성에 대한 실험적 해석

양승범,박순재,이재건,정지철,김재효,Yang, Seung-Bum,Park, Soon-Jae,Lee, Jae-Gun,Jung, Ji-Chul,Kim, Jae-Hyo 경락경혈학회 2017 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.34 No.3

Objectives : Many researches have studied warm needling technique to standardize its treatment by temperature measurement and material differences in the effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to compare the temperature changes of the acupuncture needle shaft during the combustion process of the moxa stick to determine the heat transfer pattern of the warn needling. Methods : A moxa stick($7{\times}8mm$) was connected to one side of the needle shaft using a stainless steel needle(ø 0.3 mm, ø 0.5 mm, ø 0.8 mm, shaft length 40 mm) with the needle handle removed. During the warm needling, temperature changes of the needle shaft were observed with an infrared camera(Flir E30) and an infrared thermometer(TESTO 845). Results : In the normal condition, heat transmit of needle shaft increased at spots 10 mm and 25 mm below the moxa stick. The amount of heat transmit increased with the diameter of needle shaft. However, when the heat shield was installed to exclude radiant heat from the moxa stick, heat transfer was less at 10 mm below the moxa stick and no temperature change was observed at 25 mm below the moxa stick. Heat transfer by warm needling does not reach the end of needle shaft even in ø 0.8 mm needle. Conclusions : It is suggested that the radiant heat of moxa stick results in the heat transmit of acupuncture needle shaft. Thus, radiant heat transmit must be considered as one of the heat transfer characteristics of the warm needling.

딥러닝 기반 객체 검출 알고리즘을 이용한 팥 병해 진단

이아현(Ahhyun Lee),전서현(Seohyun Jeon),한동일(Dongil Han) 대한전자공학회 2022 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.6

출혈성 쇼크 흰쥐 모델에서 경혈 지압이 혈압과 심박수 변화에 미치는 영향

양승범 ( Seung Bum Yang ),변신규 ( Sin Kyu Byun ),김재효 ( Jae Hyo Kim ) 대한경락경혈학회 2016 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.33 No.2

Objectives : In order to find a possible non-invasive manipulation tool for maintenance of the cardiovascular functions in hemorrhagic shock, this study was aimed at evaluating effects of acupoints acupressure on the changes in blood pressure and heart rate from an animal model of hemorrhagic shock. Methods : In adult Sprague-Dawley rats, hemorrhagic shock was induced by a withdrawal of arterial blood from the femoral artery with volume of 0.8 ml per 100 g of body weight using peristaltic syringe pump. We applied the acupressure with a pressure oscillator to tail as a control and 2 different acupoints of sobu(HT8), youngchun(KI1) under 3 different conditions : 1) normal arterial blood pressure without bleeding, 2) at the beginning of bleeding, and finally 3) hemorrhagic shock. Results : Under normal arterial blood pressure without hemorrhage, there was a significant increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressures by the acupressure to the tail, HT8 and especially KI1 for 30 sec compared with before acupressure. Under hemorrhagic shock condition, the tail acupressure had minimal changes in cardiovascular parameters. Either the HT8 or KI1 acupressure resulted in a significant increase in arterial pressure but did not heart rate. At the beginning of bleeding, tail acupressure failed to change the reduction of arterial pressure and heart rate. However, there was a significant increase in blood pressure and heart rate following either the HT8 or especially KI1 acupressure. Conclusions : HT8 and KI1 acupressure affected cardiovascular signs but tail acupressure did not in rat model of hemorrhagic shock. These experimental data suggest that a acupressure with a pressure oscillator to HT8 or KI1 can be one of alternative emergency manipulations to ameliorate compromised cardiovascular functions under hemorrhagic shock condition.

흰쥐의 발목염좌에 대한 전침, 온침 및 고주파온침 자극별 진통 효과의 비교

양승범 ( Seung Bum Yang ),김민수 ( Min Su Kim ),최석준 ( Suck Jun Choi ),김재효 ( Jae Hyo Kim ) 경락경혈학회 2015 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.32 No.1

Objectives : The objectives of this study is to compare the effects of electroacupuncture(EA), warm needling(WN) and Radio Frequency warm needling(RFWN) stimulations on the acupoints at the artificially damaged ankles of Sprague-Dawley rats, which could be classified as the Grade 3. Methods : The foot weight bearing force ratio(FWBFR) of ankle sprain was measured first at 24 hours after without any other stimulations. Pain Recovery Index(PRI) represents the analgesic level, and modified Pain Recovery Index(mPRI) shows the accumulated recovery level. PRI was measured at 2 hours after each stimulus on GB34, GB39 and GB42, and mPRI was during 7 days. Results : EA stimulation of GB34 and GB39 acupoint in grade 3 ankle sprain showed a marked analgesic and recovery effect. RFWN of GB42 exhibited significant analgesic and pain recovery effect. RFWN of GB34 resulted in pain recovery effect but not analgesic effects, and RFWN of GB39 resulted in analgesic effect 2 hours after but not pain recovery. However, WN did not affect the pain recovery among three acupoints at all. Conclusions : In the Grade 3 ankle sprain model, the difference of analgesic effects were explained by the acupoints and the stimulation methods according to the accumulated recovery effects during 7 days. It is insufficient to determine that a certain acupoint has a specific analgesic effect depending on the stimulation method by the results of this study. Therefore, the effects of each stimulation on the acupoints in any other meridians at the sprained ankle should be compared and analyzed.

수술적 방법으로 유도된 3단계 고도(高度)발목염좌 모델에서 혈위(穴位)에 따른 전침효과의 비교

양승범 ( Seung Bum Yang ),손인철 ( In Chul Sohn ),이성호 ( Sung Ho Lee ),조상훈 ( Sang Hoon Cho ),김재효 ( Jae Hyo Kim ) 경락경혈학회 2013 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.30 No.1

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine whether electroacupuncture(EA) is effective in reducing pain on the severe ankle sprain classified as grade 3 in rats. Methods: The severe(grade 3) ankle sprain model was induced surgically by ankle ligament injury(the anterior talofibular, the calcaneofibular and the posterior talofibular) in the Sprague-Dawley rats(180∼250 g). The effects of EA on weight bearing forces(WBR) of the affected foot were examined in a rat model of ankle sprain. EA was applied to either SI6, ST37, GB34, GB39 or GB42 acupoints by trains of electrical pulses(2 Hz, 1 ms pulse width, 2 mA intensity) for 15 min. Results : Cutting of the lateral ankle ligament complex produced the severe ankle sprain symptoms as grade 3. EA of the contralateral SI6 resulted in more analgesic effect than one of ipsilateral SI6 even though there was significant effect. EA of the ipsilateral GB34 and GB39 produced potent analgesic effects on the surgical ankle sprained pain behaviors. However, there were no significant analgesic effects in the contralateral GB34 and GB39 EA groups. In addition, both side of ST37 and GB42 did not result in analgesic effect on the surgical ankle sprained rat. Conclusions: The data suggest that EA induced analgesia shows point specificity on the severe ankle sprained pain model classified as grade 3.

발목염좌 급성기에 봉독 약침의 용량에 따른 진통 및 회복에 미치는 효과

양승범 ( Seung-bum Yang ),김재효 ( Jae-hyo Kim ) 대한경락경혈학회 2016 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.33 No.4

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe the dose-dependent effects of bee venom (BV) pharmacopuncture on the serious ankle sprain in rats. Methods : The grade III ankle sprain was produced by surgically damaging the lateral ligaments complex of Sprague-Dawley rats. BV pharmacopuncture with the different doses(5 μg/kg, 10 μg/kg, 50 μg/kg) were treated on the different acupoints(GB34, GB39 and GB42) of the affected hind limb, respectively. By measuring foot weight bearing force ratio(FWBFR), the pain levels by ankle sprain and the pain recovery for 7 days were observed under BV pharmacopuncture on each acupoint. Results : In the normal and ankle sprained rat, the BV single administration decreased FWBFR in a dose - dependent pattern. The higher the BV dose, the higher the pain resulted in the normal and the sprained ankles. Especially, the dose - dependent effects of BV resulted in the most pronounced decrease in FWBFR in GB34. The recovery of FWBFR was shown at the low dose(5 μg/kg) BV and the effect was most remarkable in the BV of GB34, but the others showed no recovery effect compared with the control group. Conclusions : BV pharmacopuncture does not exhibit analgesic effects in acute phase of ankle sprain. However, the recovery of ankle sprain was more effective than the natural recovery in the case of low dose of BV repeated over time. Considering this, it is presumed that it would be important to select appropriate clinic guidelines for acute phase of ankle sprain.

Manual Muscle Test 중 상지거상저항 검사 시 근력 오류 발생 원인에 대한 고찰

안성훈,양승범,이영준,황성연,김재효,손인철,Ahn, Seong-Hun,Yang, Seung-Bum,Lee, Young-Jun,Hwang, Seong-Yeon,Kim, Jae-Hyo,Sohn, In-Chul 턱관절균형의학회 2011 턱관절균형의학회지 Vol.1 No.1

Objectives: We investigated muscle force from the upper limb lifting resistance test to conform the objectivity in manual muscle test. Methods: We made standard method in upper limb lifting resistance test to compare with experiment method switching the lower limb position left & right. And resistance forces of upper limb of subject were checked to inspector with closing eyes. Results: 1. The lifting resistance of right upper limb was stronger when the lower limb of right and left were abducted. 2. The lifting resistance of right upper limb was weaken when the lower limb of right and left were adducted. 3. The lifting resistance of right upper limb was weaken when the lower limb of right and left were elevated. Conclusions: As the above results, the deltoid muscle force checked in the upper limb lifting resistance test is affected by the location of lower limbs, it suggested that the muscle force of some part in the body will be affected by the other parts. It will be useful to understand the symmetry principle of body in muscle function.

바둑돌 줍기에 관한 수학적 연구

이광연,조성훈,양승범,Lee, Gwang Yeon,Cho, Seong Hoon,Yang, Seung Bum 한국수학사학회 2012 Journal for history of mathematics Vol.25 No.4

바둑돌 줍기는 간단한 규칙만으로 바둑판 위에서 누구나 쉽게 즐길 수 있는 게임이다. 바둑돌 줍기 게임은 매우 흥미로울 뿐만 아니라 여러 가지 수학적 내용에 대한 이해가 요구되는 전형적인 수학 게임이다. 학생들은 바둑돌 줍기 게임에 나타난 규칙이나 원리를 탐구하는 활동을 통하여 평소에 쉽게 지나치던 많은 현상들에 대하여 새로운 수학적 시각을 갖고 주의 깊게 살펴보는 태도를 가질 수 있을 것이다. 또한 학생들이 수학적이라고 생각하지 않았던 게임을 문제로 제시함으로써 문제의 외형뿐만 아니라 문제의 본질적인 의미를 생각할 수 있도록 하는 수학적 사고력을 기를 수 있다. The removal of the Go Stones is a game that anyone can play through simple rules. It is not only an interesting game but also a mathematical game that requires comprehensive knowledge of several mathematical theories. Through analyzing the rules and theories of this game, students can get a new mathematical perspective and recognize something that they didn't realize as important before. Furthermore, this game is given to students as a mathematical problem unconsciously. This helps them get a mathematical approach to understanding the actual concept of the problem as well as the basic principle of the problem.

동기부여와 직무만족의 관계에 관한 연구: 지방공무원을 대상으로

박선경 ( Sunkyung Park ),양승범 ( Seung Bum Yang ),송민혜 ( Min Hye Song ) 성균관대학교 국정관리대학원 2011 국정관리연구 Vol.6 No.2

동기부여와 직무만족은 매우 유사한 개념으로 취급되어 왔다. 직무동기와 직무만족과의 차이를 구별하기가 어렵기 때문에 동기와 만족사이의 관계를 체계적으로 이해하기가 어렵다. 본 연구는 직무관련 동기부여와 직무만족간의 관계를 실증적으로 분석하여 그 관계를 확인해 보고자 한다. 이를 경험적으로 확인하기 위하여 첫째, 서울시 지방공무원 176명을 대상으로 직무동기의 수준과 직무만족의 수준을 측정하였다. 둘째, 직무동기와 직무만족간의 상관관계와 인과관계를 분석하였다. 분석결과에 의하면, 우선 직무동기를 측정하기 위한 15개의 설문항목과 직무만족 간에는 유의미한 상관관계가 존재하였다. 그러나 상관관계의 강도는 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 직무동기가 직무만족에 영향을 미치는가를 알아보기 위한 회귀분석에서는 두 개의 직무동기 변수 만이 직무만족에 대하여 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 두 개의 항목은 각각 ‘팀의식의 공유’와 ‘급여수준’이었다. 팀 의식의 공유는 특히 공무원들이 부서별로 나뉘어 일을 처리하는 과정에서 팀워크나 팀 구성원들 간의 동료의식 등에 의해 영향을 받게 되는 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 각 부서 구성원들 간의 원활한 의사소통을 강화하고 계층적 의사결정보다는 수평적 의사결정을 통해 각 개인들이 팀의 구성원으로서 소속감을 갖도록 하는 것이 수반되어야 하겠다. 보수에 대한 중요성은 여러 선행연구들을 통해서도 강조되었던 것이며, 본 연구를 통해서도 유의미한 요인으로 나타났다. This study looks at the relationship between work motivation and job satisfaction in the context of Korean local government employees. An empirical analysis is performed using data from a survey of 176 public employees working in the Seoul area. In a bivariate correlation analysis, job satisfaction was significantly but weakly correlated with all fifteen motivational factors. However, regression results show that only two motivational factors are significantly and positively related to job satisfaction. These two factors are teamwork and pay level. To improve the level of job satisfaction and the level of work motivation, one should consider and understand their relationship. The findings from this empirical research provide useful insights for public managers to handle worker`s motivation and job satisfaction.