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NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs)에 의한 사람 중성구 Cathepsin G의 활성도 억제
배성준,감사열,강구일,Bae, Sung-Jun,Ghim, Sa-Youl,Kang, Koo-Il The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1990 대한약리학잡지 Vol.26 No.1
사람 중성구내의 azurophil granule 내에 존재하는 serine protease인 cathepsin G는 정상 반응에서는 항 박테리아 작용을 나타내는데 관여하지만, 이들의 효소활성이 비정상적으로 증가되었을 때는 오히려 인체 정상 조직을 파괴함으로써 rheumatoid arthritis를 비롯한 여러가지 염증성 질환을 야기시킨다고 알려져 있다. 항염증제로 작용하는데 있어서 prostaglandin 합성을 억제하는 작용 이외에 다른 작용 기전이 있는가 하는것은 대단히 흥미있는 연구 과제이었으므로 neutral protease 중의 하나인 cathepsin G와 이 염증반응에 직접적으로 관여하는지 알아보기 위하여 본 연구에서는 두 단계의 크로마토그라피를 거쳐 순수한 cathepsin G를 분리하고, 여러가지 비스테로이드성 항염증제를 이용하여 cathepsin G에 대한 억제 정도를 관찰하였다. 이중 sulindac, salicylate, phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone 그리고 salicyluric acid가 각각 4.3mM, 14.3mM, 6.5mM, 11mM, 15mM의 $IC_{50}$로써 cathepsin G의 활성도를 억제하였다. 따라서 NSAIDs의 항염증 작용 기전은 기존에 알려지고 있는 cyclooxygenase 억제에 따른 prostaglanndin 합성, 분비 억제 기전이외에 rheumatoid arthritis 부위에 직접적 원인으로 작용할 가능성이 있는 cathepsin G를 억제 함으로써 조직 파괴를 막는 역할을 하고 있을 가능성이 있는 것으로 사료된다. Human leukocyte cathepsin-Gs are active participant in the active phase of inflammations like rheumatoid arthritis, emphysema and glomerular injury. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely used for treatment of these inflammatory diseases. Mechanism of action of NSAIDs for treatment of inflammatory diseases, especially like rheumatoid arthritis, are known as the inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis. Inhibitions of the activities of human leukocyte cathepsin-Gs by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, however, were not same as the known pharmacological effects (inhibition of cyclooxygenase) of these drugs. Among them, especially, sulindac, salicylate, phenylbutazone, oxyphenbutazone, and salicyluric acid inhibited human leukocyte cathepsin-Gs effectively. $IC_{50}s$ of each drug were 4.3mM, 14.3mM, 6.5mM, 11mM and 15mM respectively. The drugs which have same chemical structure and same degree of inhibition effect on cyclooxygenase showed different degree or no effect on inhibition of cathepsin G. These inhibition effect might be, beside of inhibition of cyclooxygenase in the prostaglandin synthesis pathway, another benefitial antiinflammatory effect of NSAIDs by direct protection against tissue destruction in inflammatory diseases.
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배성준,김우미,김기찬,장명웅,강구일,Bae, Sung-Jun,Kim, Woo-Mi,Kim, Ki-Chan,Chang, Myung-Woong,Kang, Koo-Il The Korean Society of Pharmacology 1991 대한약리학잡지 Vol.27 No.2
염증성 질환의 원인 인자중 하나로 알려진 사람 호중구 Cathepsin G를 두단계의 크로마토그라피를 거쳐 분리하였다. 이 순수 분리된 효소를 이용하여 토끼에서 항체를 In Vivo 합성하고 그 혈액으로부터 순수 항체를 분리하였다. NSAIDs 약제중 phenylbutazone, sulindac, oxyphenbutazone, salicilic acid등은 이 효소를 강력하게 억제하였으며 $IC_{50}$은 $0.3{\sim}0.8\;mM$ 이었다. 고려인삼의 지용성분획도 tetracycline, novobiosin, rifamycin이 Cathepsin G의 효소 활성도에 대해서 강력한 억제 작용을 나타내었으나 다른 항생제는 그 작용이 무시할 수 있을 정도였다. 그러나 tetracycline계열의 항생제의 경우 실제 치료 효과를 나타내는 혈중농도에서 강한 억제 작용을 보였다. 특히 항균 작용과 관계하는 tetracycline의 4번 위치의 N-dimethy radical을 제거한 tetracycline은 감염군의 약제 저항성을 피할 수 있을 것으로 생각되므로 만성 염증성질환의 장기 치료에 이용될 수 있는 새로운 약제로써 제시한다. Human neutrophil cathepsin-G, which has been known as one of the active enzymes causing inflammatory diseases, was purified by two steps procedure involving one size exclusion (Ultorogel AcA54) and one ion exchange (CM-Sephadex) chromatography. Purified HNCGs were cross-reacted with Anti-HNCathepsin-G antibodies which were radised in rabbits and purified by cathepsin-G labeled Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. HNCGs were effectively inhibited by NSAIDs including phenylbutazone, sulindac, oxyphenbutazone, salicylic acid and salicyluric acid. $IC_{50}_s$ of these drugs for inhibition of Cathepsin G were 0.3-0.8 mM. Other NSAIDs including aspirin showed little or no inhibition effect on the activity of Cathepsin G. These results strongly indicated that NSAIDs which showed inhibition effect on the activity of HNCGs possibly be at least a part of mechanism of action which might be related to direct inhibition of cathepsin G at the tissue destruction sites beside of their known mechanism of action as an anticyclo-oxygenase in treatment of inflammatory diseases. Lipid soluble component of Korean Red Ginseng which was known as an anti-inflammatory agent inhibited HNCGs strongly, but no other fractions did inhibited HNCGs. Antibiotics including novobiosin and rifamycin showed some inhibition effect on HNCGs, i. e.., $IC_{50}$ of these drugs were 2.6 mM and 1.5 mM respectively, and other antibiotics including penicillin G showed no or negligible inhibition effect on the activity of HNCGs. However. tetracyclines inhibited HNCGs very effectively at the concentration of therapeutic range. The inhibition effect of the activity of HNCGs by tetracycline are not related to the N-dimethyl radical on the 4 position of the tetracycline molecule. Furthermore, N-dedimethylated tetracyclines may have beneficial effect for long term treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases without developing any drug resistance to microorganisms.
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배성준,김주선,김진학,윤연정,이신애,Bae, Sung Jun,Kim, Ju Sun,Kim, Jin Hak,Yun, Yeon Jung,lee, Shin Ae 대한생식의학회 2006 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.33 No.1
Heterotopic pregnancy is the coexistency of intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy. The incidence of heterotopic pregnancy is about 1 to 30,000 pregnancy in a natural cycle. However, the frequency of heterotopic pregnancy has steadily increased because of rising incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease, pelvic surgery and the development of ovulation induction and assisted reproduction. Because heterotopic pregnancy is difficult due to diagnose and it has high morbidity and mortality rate, one should always take this into consideration and should conduct careful and thorough gynecologic evaluation. We have experienced a case of heterotopic pregnancy in a 29-year old woman who presented with acute abdominal pain in a natural cycle and report this case with a brief review of literature. 병합임신은 두 개의 수정란이 자궁강 내와 자궁강 외에 동시에 착상되어 임신되는 것을 말한다. 그 예가 드물어 자연발생빈도는 약 30,000건의 임신 중 1명으로 나타나지만, 최근에는 불임환자의 체외 수정을 위한 배란 유도제의 사용이나 기타 생식 보조술의 발달, 골반내 염증, 난관수술로 인해 증가하고 있다. 병합임신은 조기 진단이 어려워 이에 따른 모성 사망률, 이환율이 높아지므로, 진단에 있어서 신중함이 중요하다. 저자들은 경찰병원에서 자연 생리주기에서 7주간의 무월경과 심한 하복부 통증을 주소로 내원한 29세 여환에서 발견된 좌측 난관임신과 자궁강 내 임신이 공존하는 병합임신을 간단한 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.
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배성준(Bae Sung-jun) 호남대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2010 人文社會科學硏究 Vol.27 No.-
본 연구는 “대외적 공공분쟁과 통상분쟁의 연관성 연구”를 실제 사례인 상하이차-쌍용차 분쟁 연구를 통해 분석하고 향후 연구의 지속적인 필요성과 적절한 대안을 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구의 결과로 첫째, 협력과 갈등을 내포한 협상 실패가 양 분쟁의 원인이 된다는 점. 둘째, 대외적 공공분쟁은 정부가 관여로 상대국 정부도 개입되어 통상분쟁의 시발점이 된다는 점. 셋째 , 다른 체제하에서도 각 사회 구조에 따라 그 연관성이 증명될 수 있다는 점. 넷째, 정서적 반감 형성이 통상분쟁의 직.간접적 원인 이 되는 점이다. 상기 4가지 결과를 통해 대와 적 공공분쟁과 통상분쟁의 연관성을 최초로 증명할 수 있었으며 그 연관성은 분쟁의 상호간 영역파괴는 물론, 국내외 경제.외교 방면에 큰 파급효과를 미치고 있다는 점을 명확히 했다. 그러므로 분쟁 연관성의 심각성을 적절히 예방 대처하기 위해 멀티분쟁 개념의 도입과 국제 중재기구 활용, 외국인 전용 전문조정기구 설립, 전문가양성 등 이 요구되어진다. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between an external public dispute and an international trade dispute. The study will focus on the case study of negotiations between Shanghai Motors and Ssangyong Motors, in order to determine the possible reasons for the dispute in terms of globalization and suggest appropriate alternative solutions. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, the study found that an external public dispute is significantly associated with an international trade dispute. Secondly, an external public dispute often involves governmental authorities, so a dispute can cause a government to exert its right of intervention. Thirdly, the structure of the society is relevant to the dispute. Fourthly, the aggravation of an external public dispute can have a negative effect on national credibility as well as an emotionally adverse effect on citizens of the governments involved, ending up with an international trade dispute. Based on these findings, this study first demonstratespossible associations between an external public dispute and a trade dispute. Such a dispute can have a great impact on both parties to the dispute as well as an economic and diplomatic effect, domestically and internationally. Therefore, the study recommends measures to prevent serious adverse effects resulting from the interaction between an external public dispute and an international trade dispute.
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사람 호중구 Cathepsin G: Anti-HNCG Ab의 In Vivo 합성, HNCG의 활성도 억제와 그 기전에 관한 연구
배성준(Sung-Jun Bae),김우미(Woo-Mi Kim),김기찬(Ki-Chan Kim),장명웅(Myung-Woong Chang),강구일(Koo-Il Kang) 대한약리학회 1991 대한약리학잡지 Vol.27 No.2
염증성 질환의 원인 인자중 하나로 알려진 사람 호중구 Cathepsin G를 두단계의 크로마토그라피를 거쳐 분리하였다. 이 순수 분리된 효소를 이용하여 토끼에서 항체를 In Vivo 합성하고 그 혈액으로부터 순수 항체를 분리하였다. NSAIDs 약제중 phenylbutazone, sulindac, oxyphenbutazone, salicilic acid등은 이 효소를 강력하게 억제하였으며 IC<sub>50</sub>은 0.3 ~ 0.8 mM 이었다. 고려인삼의 지용성분획도 tetracycline, novobiosin, rifamycin이 Cathepsin G의 효소 활성도에 대해서 강력한 억제 작용을 나타내었으나 다른 항생제는 그 작용이 무시할 수 있을 정도였다. 그러나 tetracycline계열의 항생제의 경우 실제 치료 효과를 나타내는 혈중농도에서 강한 억제 작용을 보였다. 특히 항균 작용과 관계하는 tetracycline의 4번 위치의 N-dimethy radical을 제거한 tetracycline은 감염군의 약제 저항성을 피할 수 있을 것으로 생각되므로 만성 염증성질환의 장기 치료에 이용될 수 있는 새로운 약제로써 제시한다. Human neutrophil cathepsin-G, which has been known as one of the active enzymes causing inflammatory diseases, was purified by two steps procedure involving one size exclusion (Ultorogel AcA54) and one ion exchange (CM-Sephadex) chromatography. Purified HNCGs were cross-reacted with Anti-HNCathepsin-G antibodies which were radised in rabbits and purified by cathepsin-G labeled Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. HNCGs were effectively inhibited by NSAIDs including phenylbutazone, sulindac, oxyphenbutazone, salicylic acid and salicyluric acid. IC<sub>50</sub>s of these drugs for inhibition of Cathepsin G were 0.3-0.8 mM. Other NSAIDs including aspirin showed little or no inhibition effect on the activity of Cathepsin G. These results strongly indicated that NSAIDs which showed inhibition effect on the activity of HNCGs possibly be at least a part of mechanism of action which might be related to direct inhibition of cathepsin G at the tissue destruction sites beside of their known mechanism of action as an anticyclo-oxygenase in treatment of inflammatory diseases. Lipid soluble component of Korean Red Ginseng which was known as an anti-inflammatory agent inhibited HNCGs strongly, but no other fractions did inhibited HNCGs. Antibiotics including novobiosin and rifamycin showed some inhibition effect on HNCGs, i. e.., IC<sub>50</sub> of these drugs were 2.6 mM and 1.5 mM respectively, and other antibiotics including penicillin G showed no or negligible inhibition effect on the activity of HNCGs. However. tetracyclines inhibited HNCGs very effectively at the concentration of therapeutic range. The inhibition effect of the activity of HNCGs by tetracycline are not related to the N-dimethyl radical on the 4 position of the tetracycline molecule. Furthermore, N-dedimethylated tetracyclines may have beneficial effect for long term treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases without developing any drug resistance to microorganisms.
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배성준(Bae Sung-jun) 역사비평사 2013 역사비평 Vol.- No.104
To understand the meaning of ‘nation’, we need to clarify the relationship between nation, ethnicity and race. We need to move beyond the myth of nation-state and explore the historical process of nation building. It is important to remember that there is no nation without nationalism and the nation-state, and that a nation-state has a hierarchic structure. The nation-state justifies its inequality and discrimination through its hierarchic structure and ethnicity. To analyze discrimination against ethnic groups and race, it is essential to understand racism that segregates and racializes certain human groups by emphasizing their differences. Although racism is fundamental to the formation of nationalism in the sense that it plays a vital role in nation building, its influence extends beyond the achievement of nationhood. Nationalism in East Asia has been built on the basis of blood relationship in response to the crisis of colonialization. In Korea, the theory of social Darwinism and the understanding of racism can be understood through the idea of East Asian solidarity. After the Sino-Japanese War, the notion of a ‘Korean race’ appeared along with those of a civilized ‘Japanese race’, and an uncivilized ‘Chinese’ race. In the aftermath of the Russo-Japanese War, nationalism in East Asia was built on blood relationships. Assimilation during the Japanese colonial period in Korea was an attempt to integrate ‘colonial Korea’ a faithful subject rather than as part of Japanese nation. The colonial power distinguished Japanese from Korean by the difference of ‘the times(時勢)’ and ‘the standard of the people(民度)’. The hierarchic structure established between Japanese and Koreans was a hierarchy of ‘a superior human’ and ‘an inferior human’, respectively. In practice, the colonial power created a ‘colonial Korea’ as distinct from the Japanese nation by imposing a family(家) system, supported institutionally by a dual registration system separating the colonial family register(民籍) from the Japanese family register(戶籍).
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Antithrombin 3, Protein C and Protein S 결핍 여성에서 경구 피임약 복용 중에 발생한 정맥혈전증
배성준 ( Sung Jun Bae ),김주선 ( Ju Sun Kim ),김진학 ( Jin Hak Kim ),윤연정 ( Yeon Jung Yun ),이신애 ( Shin Ae Lee ) 대한산부인과학회 2006 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.49 No.6
Oal contraceptives are one of the most frequently used methods of hormonal contraception. In general, oral contraceptives have proven to be safe for most women. However, the risk of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are increased in women taking oral contraceptives. We have experienced a case of a woman who had superior mesenteric venous (SMV) and portal vein thromboses on taking oral contraceptives with antithrombin Ⅲ, protein C, and protein S deficiencies.
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