공동주택단지 내 인공지반 녹지조성 형태에 따른 우수유출 저감효과

남미아(Nam, Mi A),장대희(Jang, Dae Hee),김현수(Kim, Hyeon Soo) 한국생태환경건축학회 2013 한국생태환경건축학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.1

소공원으로서 초등학교부지의 활용방안 -서울시 학교공원화사업 대상지를 중심으로-

남미아 ( Mi A Nam ),이은희 ( Eun Heui Lee ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2006 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.9 No.1

노래미 (Hexagrammos agrammus) 와 쥐노래미 (H. otakii) 의 세포유전학적 연구

심미아 ( Mi A Sim ),노재구 ( Jae Koo Noh ),남윤권 ( Yoon Kwon Nam ),김동수 ( Dong Soo Kim ) 한국수산과학회 2002 한국수산과학회지 Vol.35 No.6

노래미와 쥐노래미의 유전적인 종 동정의 확립과 우량 품종 개발을 위한 유전 육종학적 연구의 기초 자료를 얻고자, 최근 양식 대상어로 대두되고 있는 두 어종을 대상으로 적혈구 세포와 핵의 크기, DNA 함량, 핵형 분석 등의 세포유전학적 연구를 수행하였다. 노래미의 적혈구 세포의 크기는 장, 단축이 각각 9.76±0.27 ㎛, 6.35±0.07 ㎛로, 쥐노래미의 9.17±0.05 ㎛, 6.24±0.04 ㎛ 보다 크게 나타났으며, 표면적과 부피 역시 노래미가 48.62±1.74 ㎛^2, 213.67±7.51 ㎛^2로 쥐노래미의 적혈구 세포 표면적 44.85±0.44 ㎛^2, 부피 187.57±2.45 ㎛^3보다 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 노래미의 DNA 함량은 2.15±0.04 pg, 쥐노래미는 2.10±0.03 pg으로 핵의 크기와 유사한 양상을 나타내었다. 노래미와 쥐노래미의 염색체수는 48개로 동일한 핵형으로 구성되어 있었으며, NOR 분석 결과 역시 두 종에서 1쌍의 acrocentric chromosome의 short arm에서 NOR이 확인되었다. 성별에 따른 염색채의 수적 차이나 heteromorphic한 염색체, 그리고 개체간 염색체 다형 현상은 관찰되지 않았다. Cytogenetic analysis was conducted to obtaining information for genetic improvement of spotty belly greenling (Hexagrammos agrammus) and greenling (H. otakii) in aquaculture. Erythrocytes of spotty belly greenling were slightly larger than those of greenling (p<0.05). The nuclear volume of spotty belly greening erythrocytes averaged 15.14±0.92 ㎛^3 while that of greening averaged 14.61±0.15 ㎛^3; the difference was not significant (p>0.05). Consequently, genome size of spotty belly greenling was also slightly larger than those of greenling. DNA content per cell of spotty belly greenling and greenling were 2.15 pg and 2.10 pg, respectively. The modal chromosome number of both greenling species were same as 2n=48 and karyotypes were also identical as 2 metacentrics, 11 submetacentrics and 11 acrocentric pairs (FN=74). There was no evidence of polymorphism including aneuploidy or sex-related heteromorphism for all species. Spotty belly greenling showed large sizes of active rRNA coding regions in their chromosomes. However, greenling examined only small sizes of active rRNA coding regions with dimorphism.

경기도의 옥상녹화 가용면적 추정과 이의 정책적 함의

박은진 ( Eun Jin Park ),남미아 ( Mi A Nam ),강규이 ( Gyu I Kang ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2012 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.15 No.1

We estimated the potential area roof greening in Gyeonggi-do that will mitigate the heat island effect. The estimation was based on building age, roof shape, and building use which were recorded in the building register from "Sewoomteo, the Building Administration System in the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. The estimated potential roof greening area in Gyeonggi-do was approximately 102.5㎢ assuming that the buildings for residence, public, education(school), office, shopping mall are appropriate for roof greening. The area occupied by apartment buildings over six-story was 76.3% of the potential roof greening area 10.2% for individual houses, 5.9% for under five-story apartment buildings, and 3.7% for school buildings. The result indicated that it is residential buildings that we need to pay attention for roof greening, especially high-rise buildings over six-story. Greening of the whole estimated area, 102.5㎢, in Gyeonggi-do will result in the increase of green space per capita by 8.74㎡. This is 1.65 times greater than the area of current urban parks, and 1.97 times greater than the total area of neighborhood parks, children`s parks, and pocket parks. Greening of the estimated roof area will increase green coverage of urban area by twice, adding to current green coverage of the urban areas, 11.3%, in 10 major cities. In particular, the effect of roof greening would be remarkable in inceasing the green space of Anyang City, Gwangmyeong City, and Guri City where neighborhood park area falls short.

민통선 이북지역의 토지피복 및 인삼 재배면적 변화 분석 -파주시와 연천군을 중심으로-

박은진 ( Eun Jin Park ),남미아 ( Mi A Nam ) 한국환경생태학회 2013 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.27 No.4

경기도에 속하는 서부의 민통선 이북지역은 비무장지대와 임진강을 따라 위치하고, 저 습지와 논이 넓게 분포하여 높은 생물다양성과 생태계 연결성을 보여준다. 이 지역은 정전 이후 약 60년간 인간 활동이 제한되고 간섭이 작았기 때문에 경관구조의 복잡성과 연결성을 유지하면서 다양한 생물을 부양할 수 있는 특성을 갖게 되었다. 그러나, 1990년대 이후 점진적으로 개발기대와 함께 이 지역의 토지피복이 변화해온 것으로 파악된다. 이 지역에서 산림 피복면적은 1990년 67.7%에서 2009년 53.9%로 감소한 반면, 농경지면적은 1990년 22.5%에서 2009년 28.1%로 증가하였다. 이는 경기도 전체의 산림면적 감소율보다 3배 더 크고, 경기도 전체적으로 농경지면적이 31.7%에서 27%로 감소한 것과는 큰 대조를 보이는 결과이다. 이것은 정전 이후 한동안 농경지가 방치되어 습지나 숲으로 바뀌었던 것이 다시 원래의 토지지목대로 농업활동을 재개함으로 써 나타난 변화로 판단된다. 또한, 파주시와 연천군 각각에서 민통선지역이 차지하는 면적은 16%와 20%인데 비해 인삼 신규재배 면적은 2010년 기준으로 각각 58%와 66%를 차지하여 인삼재배가 민통선지역에 집중되는 것으로 나타났다. 초 작지를 필요로 하는 인삼의 재배 특성으로 인해 파주시와 연천군 전체적으로는 신규 재배면적이 감소하고 있으나 민통선지역의 경우는 아직 일정한 수준의 신규 재배가 추가되고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 서부 민통선지역에서 산림이 농경지로 전환되고 특히 논이 인 삼밭으로 전환되는 경우, 경관구조가 단순화되고 단절되어 생태적 안정성에 영향을 미칠 것으로 보인다. 아직까지 서부 민통선지역은 논과 습지, 하천, 숲이 모자이크 경관을 이루고 생태적 연결성을 가지고 있는 것으로 판단되나 이에 대한 구체적인 평가가 이루어지지 않았다. 향후 서부 민통선지역 내에서 생태적 기능과 연결성을 가지는 경관요소의 규명을 통해 장기적으로 비무장지대 생태계와 경관의 보전관리에도 적용할 수 있는 기준과 기초정보를 마련하는 것이 필요하다. The western part of the Civilian Control Zone (CCZ) that belongs to Gyeonggi Province is located along the Demilitarized Zone(DMZ) and the Imjin River, and comprises low wetlands and rice paddies which accommodate high biodiversity and ecosystem connectivity. Owing to little human activity and disturbance for about 60 years since the Korean War armistice, this area could maintain complexity and connectivity of landscape structure and support various living organisms. However, land cover of this area has gradually changed with increased development since 1990. In this region, total forest area decreased from 67.7% in 1990 to 53.9% in 2009, whereas agricultural land increased from 22.5% to 28.1%. The decrease rate of forest in the CCZ is three times higher than that in whole area of Gyeonggi Province, and the increase of agricultural land also contrasts sharply with its decrease from 31.7% to 27% in the province during the same period. It appears that the farmlands had changed into wetlands or forests with no cultivation for some time, but then they reverted back with the resumption of farming. In addition, the areas of the CCZ account for 16% in Paju and 20% in Yeoncheon, whereas 58% of the new cultivation in Paju City and 66% in Yeoncheon County started in the CCZ in 2010. As ginseng can be cultivated in farmlands where no ginseng had previously grown, the new cultivation area of ginseng has decreased overall in Paju City and Yeoncheon County, but steady addition of new cultivation continued in the CCZ. This can have the detrimental effect of simplifying and disconnecting landscape structure, resulting in the disruption of ecological stability if agricultural expansion should continue by replacing forests with farmland, especially when changing rice paddies into ginseng fields. The western part of the CCZ still possesses a mosaic landscape of paddies, wetlands, streams, and forests with ecological connectivities among them that require evaluation. In the long-term, it is essential to investigate the landscapes with ecological function and connectivities in the CCZ in order to prepare criteria and basic information for conservation and management of the DMZ ecosystem.

한강수계의 수질오염총량관리제도 적용방안 연구

조용모(Yong-Mo Cho),남미아(Mi-A Nam),문현주,송미영,한인섭,강원우,김재민 서울연구원 2008 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

정화조에서 배출되는 하수관악취 저감방안 연구

조용모(Yong-Mo Cho),남미아(Mi-A Nam) 서울연구원 2009 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

Reduction Potential for Thermal Load by Extensive Green Roofs

Kim, Yeon Mee(김연미),Nam, Mi A(남미아),Jang, Dae Hee(장대희),Kim, Hyeon Soo(김현수),Kim, Hyun Ok(김현옥) 한국생태환경건축학회 2013 한국생태환경건축학회 논문집 Vol.13 No.5

한강수계의 수질오염총량관리제도 적용방안 연구

조용모 ( Yong Mo Cho ),남미아 ( Mi A Nam ) 서울시정개발연구원 2008 연구보고서 Vol.2008 No.40

A new system of water quality management policy such as the Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) is needed as the previous concentration orientated management policy reaches the limit in Han River including Paldang water supply resource. The establishment of policy directions for Seoul city council and reformation of the TMDL in preparation for compulsory applications in Han River are the purpose of this research. 1. Characteristics analysis in Han River The discharged pollutant load in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do has the following figures:44,314.65㎏/day and 22,116.28㎏/day respectively. It appears that discharged pollutant load in Seoul is almost twice as much as Gyeonggi-do produces. Water quality at Jamsil water supply resource showed some improvements in the early 2000s but in recent years it began to show the deterioration again according to the analysis result of the change in water quality. Water quality at Noryangjin measuring Center had been deteriorating in 1990 and afterwards, but since 2000 it has shown a positive tendency. For example, due to reduced amount of pollutants in inflow water from Anyang stream and after year 2000, BOD 3.1㎎/L on average is maintained in Gayang. The lower parts of Jungrang, Anyang, Tan and Wangsuk stream except for Hongjae stream exceed BOD of 3㎎/L by far. On the basis of effluent discharge from Paldang Dam, the minimum flow is 211.7㎥/sec, the low flow is 392.36㎥/sec, and the normal water discharge is 573.72㎥/sec in the main stream of Han River. The minimum and low flow of Joongrang stream is analyzed to have 1.146CMS(㎥/sec) and 1.712CMS, respectively, 0.80CMS and 1.76CMS in Tan stream, 0.76CMS, 1.68CMS in An-Yang stream. 2. Applications, current conditions, and problems of the TMDL The TMDL started as a voluntary system when newly introduced TMDL had failed to be compulsory due to the opposition of local communities about regulations of the previous point source pollution in Han River. In December 1999 the TMDL service was commenced and in 2005 the performance evaluation service was progressed at Gwangju city in Gyeonggi-do. On the 24th of November 2008 seven cities districts, Gwangju, Icheon, Yeoju, Yongin, Namyangju, Gapyeong, and Yangpyung in Gyeonggi-do have come to an agreement in shifting to the compulsory TMDL. The TMDL in Han River has the following problems:①The limitation of policy implementation from temporary applications, ②The uncertainty in establishing a target of water quality, ③The estimation of total allowable maximum load and loading quota, ④Difficulties in finding resources and a drop of credibility, ⑤The insufficient link with other plans, ⑥The consistent application of safety factor, ⑦The complexity and obscurity for the effective operation 3. The policy proposal 1) The framework reconstruction of water quality in Han River Unlike the large investments, maintaining high water quality at Paldang water supply source in Han River is quite difficult. Therefore, a sustainable water quality management system, securing the optimum raw water quality for drinking water along with the water quality management in Han River as well as the rational use of the land, is required. 2) Basic directions of the TMDL Firstly, the consensus between local autonomous entity and local community should be made for the effective applications of TMDL on the entire Han River watershed. Secondly, in regard to the natural conservation zone, a step by step plan should be established in order to alleviate the urban development restriction. Thirdly, the procedure of TMDL should be simplified. Fourthly, the connection system of the territorial management that includes TMDL and city planning should be strengthened. Fifthly, the technical and procedural guidance of TMDL is needed. In order to achieve political and systematical improvement of the TMDL, reformation of the law that can manage not only the water quality of water supply resource but water quality management of close-to-nature river should be done. 3) Improvement plans for specifics of the TMDL For improvement of the TMDL, the following plans are suggested: ①Compulsory applications of the TMDL is implemented through the collection of sufficient local development pollutant loads in the case of Han River. ②The target water quality should be set up after measuring several factors from the Water Quality Expert Committee, considering the equity between regions. ③The extended deadline of the total pollution load management plan is secured. ④In order to reduce the error from applications of water quality models, the target of water quality and the standard discharged pollutant load should be decided by using the final outcomes from the modeling and having it reviewed by the expert committee. 4) Directions and strategies for the city of Seoul based on the TMDL The increment of target area to the entire watershed of Han River is the basic direction of the city council towards the TMDL and it has the following strategies: Firstly, the utilization of small watershed management systems by setting up a target of water quality for each small watershed, and the establishment of a particular target of water quality is needed for specific points. Secondly, the TMDL for managing Jam-Sil water supply source is needed to be carried out. Thirdly, overpopulated constraint districts or development management district should be allowed to have industrial complex on the foundation of applications of the TMDL. Fourthly, plans to secure the discharged pollutant load are needed when point sources are moved in Han River. Fifthly, the collaborative research system between Gyeonggi-do and Seoul is needed. Sixthly, the additional selection of the small watershed TMDL monitoring point in Seoul Han River is needed. Lastly, application of the TMDL based on the droughty season along with setting up a seasonal target water quality that corresponds with the characteristics of Seoul Han River region is needed.

정화조에서 배출되는 하수관악취 저감방안 연구

조용모 ( Yong Mo Cho ),남미아 ( Mi A Nam ) 서울시정개발연구원 2009 연구보고서 Vol.2009 No.5

Outline: Recently, the urban foul odor problem is frequently happening all around Seoul area; CBD, large apartment districts, and low-lying areas where a foul water running velocity is slow. Even though a life foul odor has not been regarded as a serious problem until now, cases of civil appeal are increasing for the sewer foul odor all around Seoul along with the improvement of standard of living and frequent rise of bad smell problems especially in large buildings. The purpose of this study is deliberating the way of reducing the sewer foul odor by examining the origin and process of the urban sewer foul odor generating throughout Seoul. 2. Main results of the study The result of the survey had performed for three years, during 2006~2008, shows that the generating spot of the life sewage foul odor is increasing every year; 1,442 cases in 2006, 2,067 cases in 2007, and 2,523 cases in 2008, total 6,032 cases had been reported. 608,205 Septic tanks including polluted water purifying devices had installed in Seoul, and 11,454 tanks among them are over 500 people capacity tanks. 2) Foul odor concentration examination in Seoul The foul odor in the circumference of Yeosung Green Castle apartment was examined to find the generating characteristics of the life sewage foul odor. Yeosung Green Castle apartment is located where about 10% gradient road is continued more than 500 meters. Foul odor is severly generated at the end of this road, the entrance of a path up a mountain. The sewage foul odor of Namhyun-dong neighborhood is generated from the foul odor of Septic tanks in the houses and apartments. The result of foul odor examination showed the degree of mixed foul odor at the 1 and 2 spots of rainwater receivers are individually 144 and 208 dilution rate, and they are far over 15 that is permissible level. Hydrogen sulfide was measured 15 times higher than the permissible level, 20.0ppb, at the each spots. Methyl mercaptan also was gauged as largely exceeding 2.0ppb, the permissible level. 3) Types of life foul odor The foul odor generated in Seoul could be largely classified into five types as follows; A. the foul odor adjacent to the large buildings, B. the foul odor of small water-purifiers in single-family housing districts, C. the foul odor of sewer system in upstream hilly sections, D. the foul odor of sewer system in low-lying areas, and E. the foul odor of Storm Overflow Diverging Tanks. 4) Problems of life sewage foul odor The problems of the life sewage foul odor are as follows; A. absence of the efficient alteration of sewage foul odor prevention, B. difficulty of a origin blockade in the Septic tanks, the main source of life sewage foul odor, C. absence of a provision for prevention of life sewage foul odor in the Foul Odor Prevention Law and D. difficulty of achieving the foul odor reducing effect by resetting the quality standard of Septic thank`s discharging water. 3. Policy recommendation: 1) Basic principles for reducing ife foul odor (1) Analyzing reality of life sewage foul odor generation The foul odor is inevitably generated in most Korean buildings when discharging water of a Septic tank is influented to the sewer system. However, the foul odor prevention with improving efficiency of a Septic tank has not only much difficulty of securing effectiveness but also lack of scientific approaches. (2) Establishing basic frame for life foul odor prevention The basic frame for life foul odor prevention is as follows, Firstly, introducing the public concept, the mandatory installation and management of Septic tanks and sewer systems, to reduce the sewage foul odor. Secondly, promoting the synthesized management that focuses on a sewer pipe; moving from point control to line control Thirdly, establishing a system by adding the life sewer foul odor provision in the Foul Odor Prevention Law or legislating a new law for the preventing life sewer foul odor, Fourthly, connecting the measure for reduction of Septic tanks and sewer pipe foul odor with the sewerage maintenance, Lastly, founding the effective reduction measure with considering limited effect of a rainwater receiver for the sewer foul odor prevention. (1) Process for managing life sewer foul odor The main contents of process for the life sewer foul odor management are as follows in the order named; A. recognizing the generation spot of the life sewer foul odor, B. examining the life sewer foul odor, C. selecting sewer systems for managing the life sewer foul odor, D. requiring the reduction facility to the large buildings discharging sewage to the sewer system and water-purifying tanks over 500 people capacity by law, E. establishing the synthesized reduction plan in the selected sewer system district, and F. installing the reduction facility for the life sewer foul odor. (2) Systemic improvement for reduction of sewer foul odor Adding the sewer foul odor section in the Foul Odor Prevention Law or Sewerage Law is necessary, and legislating the municipal ordinance for the life sewer foul odor in Seoul is required. It is necessary to make installing the foul odor facility into a mandatory requirement both new construction buildings installed Septic tank over 500 people capacity or larger than 1,500 floor area, and existing buildings located within the sewer foul odor sewer system area. (3) Efficient plan for reducing foul odor in building district ① Installing plan of the foul odor reduction facility for existing buildings in the urban building districts installing vertical outlets on the building side using existing sewer pipes as an induction pipe. ② New construction buildings in single-family housing districts systemizing installing the foul odor reduction facility as mandatory requirement in the buildings both have Septic tank over 500 people capacity and larger than 1500 floor area, ③ Indistinctive source of the sewer foul odor installing the "L"type induction pipe using a street light or telephone pole as a prop. (4) Establishing a plan for sewer four odor reduction Establishing the sewer foul odor maintenance and improvement scheme is required in each district of the sewer foul odor management, On top of that, the sewer foul odor reduction study should be proceeded with the whole region of Seoul, (5) Operating sewer foul odor counterplan party under the government of Seoul The foul odor counterplan party that is consisted with professionals and public service workers should be organized, and the solutions for the foul odor should be made such as a field study, reduction programs, the allotment of facility construction in the regions where the foul odor reduction measure is urgent.