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Application of ORP and pH as Controlling Factors in Sequencing Batch Reactor
김홍태,Gwang-Seob Kim,Seok-Woo Shin,오상화,Kyung-Ho Kim 대한토목학회 2005 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.9 No.2
The ratio of aeration/non-aeration is a key variable in the operation of a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) for biological nutrient removal (BNR). To determine the ratio of aeration/non-aeration, the Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) and pH were monitored and evaluated as possible controlling factors in SBR operation. As a result of two steps, during the anaerobic phase, phosphorus release ended when the slopes of the variation curve of the pH and ORP were zero and -0.5, respectively. During the aerobic phase, the pH increased because of phosphorus uptake, suddenly decreased after phosphorus uptake, and increased again after nitrification. The result corresponded to the ammonia break point of the ORP. During the anoxic phase, the ORP bending point appeared if there were plenty of carbon sources, and the pH increased with the denitrification and decreased after the end of denitrification. It was concluded that the optimal ratio of aeration/non-aeration of SBR with a variable inflow could be determined by using ORP and pH profiles.
김홍태,신동석,김용석,Kim, Hong Tae,Shin, Dong Seok,Kim, Yong Seok 한국농공학회 2014 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.56 No.6
Vulnerable areas by non-point source pollution and prioritizing control areas were researched using hydrological and geomorphological data, non-point source loads, and water quality data. Using overlay analysis, vulnerable areas were graded with various scenarios. Vulnerable areas were selected near the metro city with impermeable landuse because non-point source loads and water quality data had influence on overlay analysis to rank vulnerable area. Analysis scenarios and weighted values can be changed under regional characteristics and given conditions.
김홍태,이문식,강순부,Kim, HongTae,Lee, MoonSik,Kang, Sunbu 한국융합보안학회 2014 융합보안 논문지 Vol.14 No.6
군사분야에는 개인의 신상정보 수준에서부터 국가의 존망에 영향을 미치는 수준의 정보까지 다양한 정보들이 존재한다. 암호 알고리즘은 이러한 정보들을 안전하게 관리하는데 해결책을 제시해 줄 수 있다. 우리는 온라인 상에서 비밀스럽게 처리되어야 하는 군사분야 자료를 효과적으로 관리할 수 있는 검색 가능 암호 알고리즘을 제안한다. 추가적으로, 상황에 따라 군사분야 자료 관리에 효과적인 알고리즘을 모색한다. There exists vast amount of information in the military, both at the personal level and at the national security level. Cryptographic algorithms can present a solution to managing this information safely. We suggest searchable encryption algorithms for efficiently managing military data, which should be treated securely in an online environment. Furthermore, we investigate algorithms that are effective for managing military data under various conditions.
Simplification on Even-Mansour Scheme Attacks
김홍태,Kim, HongTae Korea convergence Security Association 2016 융합보안 논문지 Vol.16 No.7
블록암호는 암호시스템 중에서 두드러지면서 중요한 부분이며, 최소의 구조를 갖는 것에 관한 연구는 암호학 연구에서 주요한 주제 중의 하나이다. 최소의 구조에 관해 관심을 갖던 Even과 Mansour는 1990년대 초반에 Even-Mansour 스킴이라고 불리는 일종의 블록암호를 제안하였다. Even-Mansour 스킴은 하나의 치환과 두 개의 비밀키를 가지는 매우 간단한 암호이다. 이러한 Even-Mansour 스킴과 그의 안전성 분석에 관한 많은 연구들이 이루어져 왔다. 우리는 Even-Mansour 스킴을 설명하고 이 스킴의 공격방법에 대해 수학적인 언어를 이용하여 단순화한다. 추가적으로, 우리는 이산로그를 공격할 때 사용하는 Pollard rho 공격과 동일한 계산량으로 Pollard rho 공격을 Even-Mansour 스킴의 공격에 적용할 수 있음을 보인다. Block cipher is one of the prominent and important elements in cryptographic systems and study on the minimal construction is a major theme in the cryptographic research. Even and Mansour motivated by the study suggested a kind of block cipher called the Even-Mansour scheme in the early 1990s. It is a very simple cipher with one permutation and two secret keys. There have been many studies on the Even-Mansour scheme and security analysis of the scheme. We explain the Even-Mansour scheme and simplify those attacks on the Even-Mansour scheme with mathematical language. Additionally, we show that Pollard's rho attack to the discrete logarithm problem can be used to attack the Even-Mansour scheme with the same complexity of the Pollard's rho attack.
김홍태,신현석,Kim,Hong-Tae,Shin,Hyun-Suk 한국방재학회 2009 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.9 No.1
본 연구는 비선형 단위도인 지형형태-기후학적 단위도(GCUH)와 하도추적을 포함한 GIS기반 지형수문유역모의 모형 (<TEX>$G^{2}WMS$</TEX>)을 개발하고 실강우사상과 계측 산악유역에 적용함으로써 미계측 산악유역의 적용가능성을 검토하는 것이다. 대상유역을 소유역은 설마천, 중유역은 안동댐 유역으로 선정하여 실측단위도 비교, 실측홍수사상 비교를 단일유역과 분할유역으로 구분하여 검정 및 분석에 이용하였다. 결과적으로, 중유역 안동댐은 비선형 GCUH기법과 하도추적이 적용된 분할유역이 선형 전통적기법만 적용된 단일유역보다 산악유역 강우-유출 특성을 잘 반영함을 확인하였다. In this study, we developed the GIS-based Geomorpho-hydrological Watershed Modeling System(<TEX>$G^{2}WMS$</TEX>) which could consider both nonlilear rainfall-runoff relationship based on Geomorpho-Climatic Unit Hydrograph(GCUH) as well as watershed system inducing river routing. The developed new model was calibrated at the gaged rainfall events at natural watersheds and previewed to apply at the ungaged mountain basins, such as Sulma basin for small mountain basin and Andong-Dam basin for large scale basin, compared single with partitioned basin in the observed unit hydrographs and rainfall-discharge events. Finally, at the large scale Andong dam basin, we concluded that partitioned basin cases which including th nonlinear GCUH and river routing methods were superior to single basins which including the traditional methods in rainfall-discharge simulation at the mountain basins.
인적 요인을 중심으로 한 해양사고 분석 및 예방 연구 (예부선 사고사례를 중심으로)
김홍태,나성,Kim, Hong-Tae,Na, Sung 선박안전기술공단 2009 선박안전 Vol.27 No.-
Despite the development of the various navigational equipment, such as GPS, ARPA, ECDIS, AIS, VDR, and hull monitoring system, marine accidents are still a leading concern in shipping industry. For all accidents over the reporting period, approximately 60 to 80% of the accidents was involved in human error. It means that in each case, some events which were associated with human error initiated an accident, and those failures of human performance led to the failure to avoid an accident or mitigate it's consequences. However, the improvement and the effort on the maritime human error are still limited in an elementary step. The objective of this paper is to propose a modified Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) model in order to analyse the collision accidents of tug-barge ship.
개별배출시설 삭감잠재량 분석을 통한 수질오염총량제의 민간참여 활성화 방안 연구
김홍태 ( Hongtae Kim ),신동석 ( Dongseok Shin ),김현정 ( Hyeonjeong Kim ),최인욱 ( Inuk Choi ),이미선 ( Miseon Lee ),김용석 ( Yongseok Kim ) 한국물환경학회 2015 한국물환경학회지 Vol.31 No.6
Four major river basin in Korea has been managed with Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL) System. Water quality indicators as targeted pollutants for TMDL were BOD and TP. In order to satisfy water quality criteria, government allocation using public treatment facilities and its action plan has been used. However, the role to improve water quality were recently faced to its limitation. It is time to require the role of non-government allocation in private discharge facilities to control good water quality. This study investigated three different scenarios in reduction demands of non-government allocations about industry and private sewages. The three different scenarios were discharge under 1) legal water quality standard, 2) water quality level in 2011 and 3) current water quality level with maximum value in group. The results showed that reduction potential in water discharge for TP indicator was 1,118kg/day, under second scenario with 20% of deduction. This results arrived at 42% of whole reduction potential costs and 0.012mg/L improvement in water quality. In conclusion, to intrigue voluntary participation in non-government allocation, various benefits such as tax reduction, tax exemption, and water quality trading should be provided.