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토끼에서 태자를 통하지 않은 양수내 $Li^{+}$의 이동
김영제,호원경,성호경,Kim, Young-Jae,Ho, Won-Kyung,Sung, Ho-Kyung 대한생리학회 1990 대한생리학회지 Vol.24 No.1
The extrafetal transfer of $Li^{+}$ in amniotic fluid was studied in 45 pregnant rabbits. LiCl solution was administered either intravenously to mother or directly into the amniotic sac and monitored the appearance and disappearance of $Li^{+}$ in the amniotic fluid, then calculated the transfer rate of $Li^{+}$ of extrafetal origin. To study the transplacental $Li^{+}$ transfer, a solution of 150 mM LiCl was infused continuously via maternal vein (initial dose: 0.7 mmol/kg, maintaining dose: 0.03 mmol/kg/min) and the $Li^{+}$ concentration was measured in maternal blood and amniotic fluid after 60 and 120 minutes of infusion. Change in the volume of aminotic fluid was determined by Congo red dilution method at the same time. Effects of duration of gestation was not considered in this study. Extrafetal transport of $Li^{+}$ into the amniotic fluid was estimated by comparing the $Li^{+}$ concentration and volume of amniotic fluid determined before and after ligating the placental vessels. Extrafetal $Li^{+}$ transport from the amniotic fluid was determined by observing the time dependent disappearance of $Li^{+}$ and Congo red in amniotic fluid after injecting 0.5 ml solution of 15 mM or 90 mM LiCl and 50 mg/ml Congo red. Following are the results obtained: 1) During infusion of LiCl through maternal vein the ratio of the aminotic $Li^{+}$/maternal plasma $Li^{+}$ increased significantly along with the increment of fetal weight. 2) The volume of amniotic fluid of larger fetuses than 20.5 gm increased significantly during administration of LiCl while that of smaller fetuses did not change. 3) After umbilical cord ligation the $Li^{+}$ concentration of amniotic fluid of larger fetuses than 20.5 gm was decreased to $59.9{\pm}10.3%$ and $56.9{\pm}42.9%$ $(mean{\pm}S.D.)$ of those of control group after 60 and 120 minutes of LiCl infusion respectively. In amniotic fluid of smaller fetuses than 20.5 gm, there was no significant difference between control and ligation groups. 4) The disappearance rate of Congo red in the amniotic fluid was $45.2{\pm}8.2%/hr$. 5) The disappearance rate of $Li^{+}$ after intraamniotic injection of LiCl depended on the amount injected. On injecting $7.5\;{\mu}mol$ LiCl, $Li^{+}$ disappeared rapidly from the amniotic fluid and the rates after 60 min and 90 min were $97.0{\pm}2.8,\;98.5{\pm}2.0%$ respectively. On injecting $45\;{\mu}mol$ LiCl, the rates were $56.0{\pm}15.4,\;78.9{\pm}14.5%$ at 60 and 90 min. 6) From the above results it was concluded: a) $Li^{+}$ transfer into the amniotic fluid increased along with the fetal growth and one half of $Li^{+}$ influx is through the extrafetal route even after the maturation of fetal kidney. b) One half of the $Li^{+}$ transfer from the amniotic fluid was through swallowing of fetus, while the remaining half was transfered rapidly through amniotic membrane, which was concentration limited.
김영제,오왕록,김환우,Kim, Young-Je,Oh, Wang-Rok,Kim, Whan-Woo 대한전자공학회 2008 電子工學會論文誌-TC (Telecommunications) Vol.45 No.2
In uplink cable modem link operated in time-division multiple access mode, it is crucial to employ a suitable preamble pattern enabling frame detection, coarse timing/carrier recovery. Preamble pattern based on the constant envelope zero autocorrelation sequence is proposed for the uplink cable modem compliant to the data over cable service interface specification. Frame detection, coarse/fine timing and carrier recovery algorithms suitable for the proposed preamble pattern are also proposed. We check up the performances using numerical results. 본 논문에서는 상향 링크 케이블 모뎀 시스템에 대한 동기화 방법에 대하여 제안하였다. 상향 링크의 케이블 모뎀 시스템은 DOCSIS(data over cable service interface specification) 규격에 의해 정해져 있으며, 이에 맞는 동기화 방법에 관하여 연구하였다. 케이블 모뎀은 버스트 모드로 동작하며 시 분할 다중 접속(time division multiple access, TDMA) 버스트 포맷을 사용한다. 버스트 포맷은 프리앰블과 데이터 구간으로 나뉜다. 본 논문에서는 프리앰블을 이용한 프레임 동기, coarse 타이밍 동기, 반송파 주파수 동기, 반송파 각 동기 방법을 연구하였으며, 프리앰블로 이용할 시퀀스로 correlation 특성이 우수한 CAZAC(constant envelope zero-autocorrelation) 시퀀스를 이용하였다. 또한 타이밍 드리프트가 존재하는 경우와 나머지 주파수 오프셋이 주는 영향을 고려하여 데이터 구간에서 심벌 타이밍 동기방식과 주파수 각 오프셋 추정박식을 채택하여 시스템을 구성하였고, 이를 컴퓨터 실험 결과를 이용하여 성능을 검증하였다.
신체질량지수 군별 비합병 만삭 임산부의 분만 2개월 후 체중감소에 관한 연구
김화원 ( Kim Hwa Won ),김영신 ( Kim Yeong Sin ),유재형 ( Yu Jae Hyeong ),이정경 ( Lee Jeong Gyeong ),강창성 ( Kang Chang Seong ),박성철 ( Park Seong Cheol ),김영제 ( Kim Yeong Je ),박종규 ( Park Jong Gyu ),김해성 ( Kim Hae Seon 대한산부인과학회 2003 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.46 No.12
목적 : 분만 2개월 후의 체중감소의 평균, 표준편차 및 백분위수를 구하고, 임신 전 신체질량지수 군과 연관성을 분석하고자 하였다. 연구 방법 : 2002년 1월 1일부터 2002년 12월 31일까지 한일병원 산부인과에서 분만하였고, 분만 후 50일에서 70일 사이에 다시 방문한 비합병 단태출산 175예를 대상으로 하였으며, 임신 전 신체질량지수 (BMI)에 의해 3개군으로 나누어 비교하였다. 결과 : 기간 중 평균 체중감소는 9.46±3.42 kg이었 Objective : To determine the mean two-month-postpartum weight loss, standard deviations and the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles in the uncomplicated term pregnancy and to examine association between prepregnancy body mass index and two-month-
남송대(南宋代) 도시(都市)에 출현한 새로운 곡물창(穀物倉) -도시 서민층의 생활 안정화 정책과 관련하여-
김영제 ( Kim Young Jae ) 중국사학회 2020 中國史硏究 Vol.0 No.124
In Southern Song Dynasty, granaries with various names which belonged to government office newly came into existence in the cities. The characteristic of these granaries is to have been founded with independent budget of local government. In the case of Southern Song Dynasty, existing system of chang-ping-cang(常平倉) or yi-cang(義倉) was little more than a mere name. Therefore when natural disaster or a fire occurred and in the case of spring lean season, the granaries were founded to relieve the poor in cities or adjacent poor people. From this background, which provided cities with grain constantly, I would like to interpret that cities of Southern Song were kept securely, for that reason common people's culture in cities was developed persistently.
송대(宋代) 각국(各國) 해상(海商)의 왕래(往來)와 국적(國籍) 판별(判別)의 근거(根據) -특히 고려해상(高麗海商)의 활동(活動)과 관련(關聯)하여-
김영제 ( Young Jae Kim ) 중국사학회 2016 中國史硏究 Vol.102 No.-
In Song Dynasty, there were so many ships and merchants flocking to the coastal port using a seasonal wind. Official of Song customs issued to its own marine traders ``Gongbing`` guaranteeing identity. Likewise other countries issued ``Gongbing`` to their marine traders. Through these ``Gongbing``, China had a good grasp of nationality of ships and merchants. Koryo also judged nationality of ships and merchants through Gongbing. Consequently, Gongbing functioned as today`s passport. There are records on Korea ships and merchant in the historical material of the Song Dynasty. It was judged by Customs offices(市舶司) of Song Dynasty based on the Gongbing issued by Koryo. In the meantime there were two types of Korea`s marine merchant. One type was Korean and the other was naturalized Korean from China. That is both types of Korean marine traders took part in trade with Song China. Therefore at that time both Song`s merchant in nationality and Korean merchant in nationality participated in marine trade of East Asia.