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축산 폐수의 효율적 처리를 위한 광합성 미세조류인 Spirulina platensis 배양 공정의 최적화
안주희,김성수,김태호,이준엽,오상집,이진하,이현용 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.4
돈분 폐수의 효율적인 처리를 위해 6 W/㎡, 12 W/㎡와 24 W/㎡의 조도 하에서 온도를 15℃에서 40℃까지 각각 변화시켜, 광합성 미세 조류인 Spirulina platensis의 생육에 관한 최적 생육 조건 결정에 관한 실험을 하였다. 균체의 비생육속도는 30℃까지는 온도 증가에 따라 증가하였다. 균체의 생육에 있어서 온도의 영향을 설명하기 위해서 Arrhenius 식을 이용하여서 얻은 활성화 에너지 값은 13.5kal/mol이었다. 순수 배지에서 배양된 균체의 비생육속도가 0.31(1/day)인 반면 30% 돈분 첨가 배양시 얻은 균체의 비생육속도는 0.24(1/day)였다. 폐수내의 총 질소량과 이의 제거속도로 균체의 폐수 처리 능력을 평가할 수 있었다. 돈분 농도를 달리 첨가한 회분배양에 있어서 70~93%(PO_4^3- -P), 67~93%(inorganic nitrogen), 80~90% (COD) 그리고 37~56%(organic nitrogen)의 감소율을 보였다. 총-질소와 총-인의 1차반응 감소 속도 상수는 각각 0.17(1/day)와 0.14(1/day)로 계산되었다. 20% 돈분을 첨가하는 연속배양에 있어서 회석률이 0.20(1/day)일 때 최대 균체농도가 1.52(g/L)를 유지했다. 돈분처리 후 얻은 균체의 성분은 단백질이 58.7%, 지방 11.0% 그리고 회분이 15.6%였다. The kinetics of growing microalga, Spirulina platensis was investigated to treat swine wastes with optimum growth conditions. Temperature was varied from 15 to 40℃ at three different light intensities, 6 W/㎡, 12 W/㎡ and 24 W/㎡. The specific growth rate was increased as temperature increased up to 30℃. The activation energy was estimated as 13.5 kcal/mol by an Arrhenius relationship. 0.24(1/day) of specific growth rate was obtained from batch cultivation with 30% swine wastes, compared to 0.31 (1/day) from clean culture. It was found that Spirulina platensis was able to reduce 70~93% of PO_4^3- -P, 67~93% of inorganic nitrogen, 80~90% of COD and 37~56% organic nitrogen by adding various concentrations of swine wastes for 12 days of batch cultivation. Rate constants for removing nitrates and phosphates in treating swine wastes were estimated as 0.17 (1/day) and 0.14 (1/day) in the first order reaction, respectively. 1.52(g/L) of maximum cell density was maintained at 0.20(1/day) of dilution rate in continuous culture, adding 20% swine wastes for 30 days. The chemical composition of the biomass obtained from the process showed 58.7% of protein, 11.0% of lipid and 15.6% of ash.
The Mitochondrial Warburg Effect: A Cancer Enigma
Kim, Hans H.,Joo, Hyun,Kim, Tae-Ho,Kim, Eui-Yong,Park, Seok-Ju,Park, Ji-Kyoung,Kim, Han-Jip Korean Society for Bioinformatics 2009 Interdisciplinary Bio Central (IBC) Vol.1 No.2
"To be, or not to be?" This question is not only Hamlet's agony but also the dilemma of mitochondria in a cancer cell. Cancer cells have a high glycolysis rate even in the presence of oxygen. This feature of cancer cells is known as the Warburg effect, named for the first scientist to observe it, Otto Warburg, who assumed that because of mitochondrial malfunction, cancer cells had to depend on anaerobic glycolysis to generate ATP. It was demonstrated, however, that cancer cells with intact mitochondria also showed evidence of the Warburg effect. Thus, an alternative explanation was proposed: the Warburg effect helps cancer cells harness additional ATP to meet the high energy demand required for their extraordinary growth while providing a basic building block of metabolites for their proliferation. A third view suggests that the Warburg effect is a defense mechanism, protecting cancer cells from the higher than usual oxidative environment in which they survive. Interestingly, the latter view does not conflict with the high-energy production view, as increased glucose metabolism enables cancer cells to produce larger amounts of both antioxidants to fight oxidative stress and ATP and metabolites for growth. The combination of these two different hypotheses may explain the Warburg effect, but critical questions at the mechanistic level remain to be explored. Cancer shows complex and multi-faceted behaviors. Previously, there has been no overall plan or systematic approach to integrate and interpret the complex signaling in cancer cells. A new paradigm of collaboration and a well-designed systemic approach will supply answers to fill the gaps in current cancer knowledge and will accelerate the discovery of the connections behind the Warburg mystery. An integrated understanding of cancer complexity and tumorigenesis is necessary to expand the frontiers of cancer cell biology.
Kim, Choon-Choo,Chung, Jae-Keun,Lee, Kyung-Shik,Song, Ho-chul,Kim, Dong-Jip,Moon, Hanlim,Kim, Tae-Eung,Han, Jee-Yeon,Kim, Hoon-Kyo 가톨릭중앙의료원 가톨릭암센터 1995 암심포지움 Vol.- No.2
Human cord blood is the third most promising source of hermatopoietic stem cells following bone marrow and peripheral blood for rescue after high dose chemotherapy against malignancies. The possibility of cord blood transplantation in adult was limited by the amount of cord blood that could be collected. Cord blood transplantation after ex vivo expansion with cytokines have already tried in adults. Authors tried to examine the influence of culture media(RPMI and α-MEM), serum(FCS, autologous cord plasma) and hematopoietic growth factors(GM-CSF, IL-3 and SCF) in ex vivo expansion of cord blood stem cells. When cord blood mononuclear cells were cultivated for 5 weeks in various combination of culture condition without growth factors, the best media for proliferation was α-MEM with 10% autologous plasma. Treatment of various combination of hematopoietic growth factors significantly increased cell number and triple combination of GM-CSF, IL-3 and SCF showed most significant proliferation of cells(p=0.001). As time went, cells proliferated continuously until 4 weeks after initation of incubation and decreased thereafter with change of shape. When cord blood mononuclear cells were incubated with all of three hematopoietic growth factors, α-MEM plus autologous cord plasma was best for ex vivo expansion and RPMI plus autologous cord plasma was the next. When concentration of SCF and GM-CSF was measured by ELISA, SCF was significantly higher in cord plasma (2717±98.9 pg/ml) compared to those in maternal serum(898±105.2 pg/ml) and in normal control(580 pg/ml)(P<0.05). GM-CSF was not detectable by ELISA in all three groups. These results showed that the best condition for the ex vivo expansion of cord blood stem cells was α-MEM plus 10% autologous cord plasma with combination of GM-CSF, IL-3 and SCF for the 4 weeks. Probable presence of growth factors such as SCF in cord plasma might help expansion of stem cells ex vivo.
( Tae Hyeon Park ),( Chang-yun Choi ),( Hyeon Jin Kim ),( Jeong-rok Song ),( Damee Park ),( Hyun Ah Kang ),( Tae-jip Kim ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2021 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.31 No.2
Two genes encoding probable α-L-arabinofuranosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.55) isozymes (ABFs) with 92.3% amino acid sequence identity, ABF51A and ABF51B, were found from chromosomes 3 and 5 of Saccharomycopsis fibuligera KJJ81, an amylolytic yeast isolated from Korean wheat-based nuruk, respectively. Each open reading frame consists of 1,551 nucleotides and encodes a protein of 517 amino acids with the molecular mass of approximately 59 kDa. These isozymes share approximately 49% amino acid sequence identity with eukaryotic ABFs from filamentous fungi. The corresponding genes were cloned, functionally expressed, and purified from Escherichia coli. SfABF51A and SfABF51B showed the highest activities on p-nitrophenyl arabinofuranoside at 40~45oC and pH 7.0 in sodium phosphate buffer and at 50oC and pH 6.0 in sodium acetate buffer, respectively. These exoacting enzymes belonging to the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 51 could hydrolyze arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS) and arabino-oligosaccharides (AOS) to produce only L-arabinose, whereas they could hardly degrade any polymeric substrates including arabinans and arabinoxylans. The detailed product analyses revealed that both SfABF51 isozymes can catalyze the versatile hydrolysis of α-(1,2)- and α-(1,3)-L-arabinofuranosidic linkages of AXOS, and α-(1,2)-, α-(1,3)-, and α-(1,5)- linkages of linear and branched AOS. On the contrary, they have much lower activity against the α- (1,2)- and α-(1,3)-double-substituted substrates than the single-substituted ones. These hydrolases could potentially play important roles in the degradation and utilization of hemicellulosic biomass by S. fibuligera.
( Hiyoung Kim ),( Kwang Jin Kim ),( Jeong Tae Yeon ),( Seong Hwan Kim ),( Dong Hwan Won ),( Hyukjae Choi ),( Sang Jip Nam ),( Young Jin Son ),( Heonjoong Kang ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2014 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.24 No.0
A new inhibitor, placotylene A (1), of the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation, and a regioisomer of placotylene A, placotylene B (2), were isolated from a Korean marine sponge Placospongia sp. The chemical structures of placotylenes A and B were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D