Bloodstream Infections and Clinical Significance of Healthcare-associated Bacteremia: A Multicenter Surveillance Study in Korean Hospitals

Son, Jun Seong,Song, Jae-Hoon,Ko, Kwan Soo,Yeom, Joon Sup,Ki, Hyun Kyun,Kim, Shin-Woo,Chang, Hyun-Ha,Ryu, Seong Yeol,Kim, Yeon-Sook,Jung, Sook-In,Shin, Sang Yop,Oh, Hee Bok,Lee, Yeong Seon,Chung, Doo The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences 2010 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.25 No.7

<P>Recent changes in healthcare systems have changed the epidemiologic paradigms in many infectious fields including bloodstream infection (BSI). We compared clinical characteristics of community-acquired (CA), hospital-acquired (HA), and healthcare-associated (HCA) BSI. We performed a prospective nationwide multicenter surveillance study from 9 university hospitals in Korea. Total 1,605 blood isolates were collected from 2006 to 2007, and 1,144 isolates were considered true pathogens. HA-BSI accounted for 48.8%, CA-BSI for 33.2%, and HCA-BSI for 18.0%. HA-BSI and HCA-BSI were more likely to have severe comorbidities. <I>Escherichia coli</I> was the most common isolate in CA-BSI (47.1%) and HCA-BSI (27.2%). In contrast, <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> (15.2%), coagulase-negative <I>Staphylococcus</I> (15.1%) were the common isolates in HA-BSI. The rate of appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy was the highest in CA-BSI (89.0%) followed by HCA-BSI (76.4%), and HA-BSI (75.0%). The 30-day mortality rate was the highest in HA-BSI (23.0%) followed by HCA-BSI (18.4%), and CA-BSI (10.2%). High Pitt score and inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy were the independent risk factors for mortality by multivariate analysis. In conclusion, the present data suggest that clinical features, outcome, and microbiologic features of causative pathogens vary by origin of BSI. Especially, HCA-BSI shows unique clinical characteristics, which should be considered a distinct category for more appropriate antibiotic treatment.</P>

열처리에 따른 ZnO 박막 센서의 특성

류지열,박성현,최혁환,권태하 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.6 No.1

The ZnO(zinc oxide) thin film sensors were manufactured by RF magnetron sputtering method and added up to 4 wt. % Al_(2)O_(3), 1 wt. % TiO_(2) and 0.2 wt. % V_(2)O_(5) on the basis of ZnO material for developing the high sensitive gas sensors which have practically moderate resistivity and the stability. They were also grown on heated SiO_(2)/Si substrates of 250 ℃ at a pressure of about 10 mTorr in the pure oxygon gas with a power of about 80 watts for 10 minutes. To manufacture the thin film of the more stable high sensitivity, the thin films were also annealed from 400 ℃ to 800 ℃ and the thin films which were annealed with 700℃ for 60 minutes in the pure oxygon gas exhibited a good properties. The thin film grown in this conditions exhibited the sensitivity of maximum 550 in TMA gas concentration 160 pμm and exhibited a good stability and excellent linearity.

구내표준방사선사진 촬영법에 따른 치아길이의 변화

류영하,최갑식,이상한 慶北大學校 齒科大學 1990 慶北齒大論文集 Vol.7 No.1

The study was desinged to determine the tooth length variation according to the intraoral radiographic techniques and film holding methods. Four hundred and fourty eight standard radiographs were obtained by 4 groups of radiographic techniques and film holding methods. Four groups were ; Group A : Bisecting-angle technique with Rinn BAI Group B : Bisecting-angle technique with Rinn Snap-A-ray Group C : Paralleling technique with Rinn XCP instrument Group D : Bisecting-angle technique with operater's fingers The effects of radiographic techniques and film holding methods upon the prediction of tooth length for all major types of teeth were evaluated. The obtained results were as follows : · The paralleling techique using the Rinn XCP film holder had the smallest difference between actual tooth leght and radiographic tooth length. · The difference between actual tooth length and radiographic tooth length in bisecting angle techiques was the smallest in the technique using Rinn BAI. · In compare techique using Rinn XCP with techique using Rinn BAI, there was no significant difference. J. Kyungpook Univ. Sch. Dent. Vol. 7, No. 1,111∼119,1990

Dimecron 중독증 환자 6예

류하근,박봉안,류주성,유재등,김정수,김치훈,송종오 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2001 건국의과학학술지 Vol.11 No.-

The authors experienced 6 cases of Dimecron intoxication, an organophosphate, that required mechanical ventilator treatment. Among 6 cases, 4 cases were intoxication due to suicidal attempt and 2 cases were due to accidental exposure. Among 4 cases of intoxication due to suicidal attempt, only one patient recovered even after aggressive treatments using gastric lavage, mechanical ventilation, atropine and PAM(pralidoxime). Two cases of intoxications due to accidental exposure, 1 case needed mechanical ventilation. Both cases were recovered without any sequele, however. Organophosphate, especially Dimecron, showed high rates of resfiratory muscle paralysis and mechanical ventilator support. The mortality rate of organophosphate agents can be decreased by education, wearing protectors, and aggressive mechanical ventilator treatment when respiratory failure develops.

ZnO 박막 센서의 DMA 가스 검지 특성

김성우,최우창,류지열,박성현,최혁환,이명교,권태하 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

The DMA(Dimethylamine) gas sensors were fabricated with the ZnO-based thin films grown by a RF magnetron sputtering method. We investigated the sensitivity and response time according to temperature variation and DMA gas concentration. The ZnO-based thin film sensors sputtered in oxygen atmosphere showed higher sensitivity than those sputtered in argon atmosphere. The ZnO-based thin film sensors doped with Al_(2)O_(3), In_(2)O_(3) and V_(2)O_(5) and sputtered in oxygen atmosphere showed the maximum sensitivity of 218(working temperature, 250 ℃, DMA gas, 160 ppm) and speedy response time. The ZnO-based thin film sensors doped with Al_(2)O_(3), In_(2)O_(3), TiO_(2) and V_(2)O_(5), sputtered in oxygen atmosphere and aged at 330 ℃ showed the maximum sensitivity of 156(working temperature, 250 ℃, DMA gas, 160 ppm).

기능성 소화불량증 환자에 대한 반하사심탕 엑기스제의 임상효과

윤상협,류봉하,류기원,김진성 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2003 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2003 No.-

Objective : We evaluated the therapeutic effect of Banwhasasimtang dry extract powder on gastrointestinal symptoms and its side effects in patients with functional dyspepsia. Methods : Patients with functional dyspepsia, defined as discomfort in the epigastrium. A total 45 patients participated participated in this study. Dyspeptic symptoms ratio was obtained by patients, total point of symptom score / total 21 points x 100(%). On each of symptom after 4 weeks administration of Banwhasashim-tang was made by variation of symptom score: If symptoms score of posttreatment is lower than that of pretreatment, It is improved ; Otherwise aggravated, and if there is no change between them, unchangeable. When a full health condition of normal control is assumed 100%, relative health condition of dyspeptic patient could be calculated from 'full health condition- dyspeptic symptoms ratio. Therefore a whole satisfaction rate on symptom improvement was presented with variation of a relative health condition to dyspepsia between pretreatment and post. Results : Banwhasashimtang significantly unproved symptoms in patients. The significance was shown in both all seven items(p< 0.01, respectively) and 19.2% (p<0.01) of increase of a whole symptom improvement. There is no remarkable side-effect in all laboratory test, excepting 1 case abdominal pain another one case of recurred pain of chronic prostatitis. Conclusion : Banwhasashimtang extract provides symptomatic relief in functional dyspepsia and is no remarkable side-effect drug.

TMA 가스 센서를 위한 발열체 제작 및 특성

박성현,류지열,최혁환,권태하 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.6 No.1

Pt/Ti heater for TMA gas sensor was fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering method. It was grown on heated Si substrates of 250 ℃ at a pressure of about 5 mTorr in the pure argon gas with RF power of about 140 watts. Pt and Ti target alternated at intervals of even 2 minutes for 30 minutes. The heater which was grown in the ratio of 1 to 1(Pt:Ti) exhibited initial(room temperature) resistance of 45 ohms and a power dissipation of 9.6 watts up to 300℃ heater temperature. The width of resistor variance(R_(T)/R_(O)) exhibited 1.65. We can conclude that heater which was grown in the ratio of 1 to 1(Pt:Ti) is useful as a heater for TMA gas sensor

黃藥子의 胃癌細胞에 對한 抗癌 效能 檢索

김성희,류봉하,류기원,윤상협,김진성 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2002 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2002 No.-

Background Nowadays a lot of reseant is based on natural substances or materinals world wide since many kinds of side effects are accompanied by anti tumor chemotherapy. In Chinese medicine, Dioscorea bulbifera L is widely used to treat many kinds ofi cancer, but in Korea it is rarely used. Therefore, we need to scientifically identify anti tumor effects of Dioscorea bulbifera L.Objective: We aimed to identify anti tumor effects of Discorea bulbifera L on the stomach cancer cells through molecular biological methods.Materials & Methods: We used AGS, a stomach cancer cell from American Type Culture Collection We injected the boiled extrat of Dioscorea bulbifera L 5 ul(sample 1), 10u1(sample 2) to cultured media(ml) for 0,6,12,15,24 hours. We measured the killing effect on stomach cancer cells through Tryphan blue exclusion test and suppressive effect on viability of stomach cancer cells via MTT assay Results: Tryphan blue exclusion test showed that each test group killed more stomach cancer cells than the controlled group with a dosage-dependent, but not significantly. MTT assay showed that each test group had a more suppressive effect on viability of stomach cancer cells than the controlled group without a dosage-independent, but not significantly.The cell cycle analysis via flow cytometry showed that the test group extended cell cycle, and there was no peak in M phase, the number of subGl , GO, G1 phase cells increased a little, but not significantly.Conclusion : This experiment showed that Dioscorea bulbifera L. has an anti-tumor effect, but not significantly. This is in vitro experiment and basic experiment on Dioscorea bulbifera L. We hope more progressive researches on Dioscorea bulbifera L. will be conducted and its anit tumor will be more accurately identified.

TMA 가스센서용 마이크로히터 발열특성 연구

박성현,최우창,김성우,류지열,최혁환,이명교,권태하 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1

The microheaters with Si_(3)N_(4)(1500Å)/SiO_(2)(3000Å)/Si_(3)N_(4)( 1500Å) diaphragm were fabricated by thin film technology and silicon micromachining techniques. Pt and poly-Si(n+) materials were used as heater materials of microheater. Pt temperature sensor was fabricated to detect the temperature of microheaters. The thermal analysis including temperature distribution on diaphragm and power consumption of the microheater were executed by the FEM method and heat transfer equations. The power consumption of the Pt and poly-Si(n+) heaters were measured and compared to that of thermal analysis by FEM simulation.

가정과 LT협동학습이 중학생의 학습태도 및 학업성취도에 미치는 효과

황순하,류상희 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2004 교과교육학연구 Vol.8 No.3

본 연구는 LT협동학습이 중학교 가정과 교육에서 보이는 변화를 경험적으로 밝혀 보는 데 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 다음과 같은 세 가지 연구문제를 가지고 수행하였다. 첫째, Learning Together 협동학습과 전통적 강의식 학습에 따라 중학생들의 학습태도는 어떠한 차이가 있는가? 둘째, Learning Together 협동학습과 전통적 강의식 학습에 따라 중학생들의 가정과 학업성취는 어떠한 차이가 있는가? 셋째,Learning Together 협동학습에 대한 중학생들의 인식은 어떠한가? 본 연구에는 중학교 2학년 4개 학급 남·여 학생 총 144명이 참여 하였다. 그 중 2개 반 72명은 실험집단으로, 2개 반 72명은 통제집단으로 구성하였고, 실험집단에는 협동학습의 LT모형을, 그리고 통제집단에는 전통적인 경쟁학습 방법을 적용하였다. 본 실험연구에서는 사전-사후 검사가 집단 사용되었다. 연구의 결과는 실험처치 후 수립된 사후검사점수를 대상으로 SPSS Win을 사용하여 통계 처리되었다. 본 연구를 통해 얻어진 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 협동학습의 LT모형 집단의 학습태도 사후검사 평균점수가 전통적 강의식 학습 집단에 비해 통계적으로 유의미한 수준에서 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 협동학습의 LT모형 집단의 학업성취 사후검사 평균점수가 경쟁학습 집단에 비해 의미 있게 높은 수준으로 나타났다. 셋째, Learning Together 협동학습을 받은 학생 집단의 협동학습에 대한 인식조사에서는 전통적 강의식 학습에 비해 수업에 적극적으로 참여할 수 있고, 토의하면서 공부하므로 이해가 잘되며, 지루하지 않고 흥미가 있다 등의 좋은 점이 있으나, 참여하는 사람만 참여하고, 수준별 능력차가 있어 서로에게 부담을 주며, 소란하고 분위기가 산만하다 등의 단점이 있었다. 전반적으로 볼 때 본 연구의 결과는 가정과 수업전략으로서 협동학습이 갖는 가능성을 보여주었다. 본 연구를 바탕으로 앞으로의 연구 과제를 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중학교 가정과 교실에서 유사한 실험연구가 계속되어 가정과 협동학 습의 교육적 변화를 입증 할 수 있는 연구가 지속되어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 학생의 발달상황, 학생의 학업수준, 교육환경특성 등을 고려한 적합한 협동학습 모형의 검증이 필요하다. 셋째, 좁은 교실과 다인수 학급 등의 우리의 교육 여건에 맞는 협동학습 방안을 위한 포괄적이고 체계적인 연구가 필요하다. The purpose of this study was to investigate experimentally the educational effects of LT cooperative learning on learning attitude and academic achievement in middle school home economics classes. The major results of the study were as follows. First, According to students responses, cooperative learning allows more active participation and interesting. Second, the post-test average score on learning attitude of experimental group(LT cooperative learning group) appeared to be significantly higher than that of control group(traditional learning group). Third, the post-test average score on academic achievement of experimental group appeared to be significantly higher than that of the control group. Therefore, it could be said that cooperative learning has positive effect on promotion of students' learning attitude and academic achievement, and the results of this study support the possibility that cooperative learning has the potential as the alternative strategy for teaching middle school Home Economics Education.