유류오염토양의 생물학적 복원을 위한 혼합이온교환수지 캡슐기법의 개발

송종오 강원대학교 농업생명과학연구원(구 농업과학연구소) 2010 강원 농업생명환경연구 Vol.22 No.-

유류에 의한 토양오염은 주로 정제공장과 유류저장시설에서의 누출사고, 오염물 무단방출 그리고 오염된 공장부지 등에 의해 발생되고 있다. 일반적으로 유류에 의한 오염토양의 정화방법인 증기추출법과 토양세척법 등은 오염토양에서 분리해낸 오염물질을 제거해야 하는 2차적인 공정을 필요로 한다. 이에 반하여 생물학적 토양 처리기술은 2차 환경오염의 발생이 적은 미생물의 대사 작용을 통해 오염물질을 분해하는 방법으로 토양 및 환경에 대하여 2차적인 오염을 적게 배출하는 장점이 있다. 현재 국내 유류오염 토양의 생물학적 처리는 토양경작법(Landfarming)과 Biopile 공정 등에 의해 이루어지고 있으나 오염 유류의 종류와 형태가 다양하므로 미생물에 의한 복원의 경우 최종적인 분해 효율이 매우 불안정하다. 따라서 본 연구는 유류오염토양의 효율적인 처리를 위하여 이온교환수지를 적용하여 미생물의 유류분해 활성을 높이는 것을 목적으로 한다. 실험에 사용한 이온교환수지는 Amberlite IRN 150 음?양이온교환수지와 Ambersorb563 탄소질흡착수지를 사용하였다. 유류분해 미생물로는 Pseudomonas putida와 Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp.을 이용 하였다. 혼합이온교환수지를 지름 2cm의 캡슐 형태로 재작하여 미생물 배양액에 2일간 배양, Biofilm의 형태로 부착시켜 수용액상과 토양에서의 유류분해율을 분석하였다. 수용액과 토양모두 BTEX 100mg L-1 수준으로 오염시켜 실험을 진행하였으며, 수용액상 실험결과 BTEX의 농도감소는 대조군과 큰 차이는 없었으나 Ambersorb 563의 경우 탄소질흡착특성으로 인하여 BTEX의 농도를 초기(9시간 이내)에 빠르게 감소시킴을 확인할 수 있었다. 미생물 개체량 확인결과 A. xylosoxidans 단일 처리구의 경우 7일 이후에는 미생물이 발견되지 않았으며, Ambersorb 563과 P. putida를 적용한 실험군은 17일 경과 후에도 미생물이 발견 되었다. 토양실험의 경우 대조군과 혼합이온교 환수지 캡슐 배량 처리구를 두어 3주간 비교 하였다. 21일 경과 후 BTEX의 제거율을 확인한 결과 대조구 38%, P. putida 처리구 72%,IRN 150과, Ambersorb 563 미생물 캡슐 처리구가 각각 73%, 82%로 확인되었다. 또한IRN 150 미생물 캡슐 배량처리구 85%, Ambersorb 563 미생물 캡슐 배량처리구 86%로 확인되었다. 수용액상 실험과 토양실험 결과 혼합이온교환수지 캡슐을 이용한 유류오염 토양의 생물학적 복원방법은 단일 미생물 처리와 비교하여 미생물 생장 및 BTEX의 제거효율 증진에 효과가 있다고 판단되며, 실제 유류오염토양의 혼합이온교환수지 캡슐을 이용한 생물학적복원시스템 구축을 위한 최적화 모델 및 시스템 구축에 대한 연구 후 현장에 적용할수 있다고 판단된다.

혈액 투석 환자에서 요소 동력학 모형과 영양 상태의 관계

송종오 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1997 건국의과학학술지 Vol.- No.7

알코올성 섬망후 발생한 횡문근 융해와 근색소뇨증에 의한 급성 신부전증 1례

송종오 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1996 건국의과학학술지 Vol.6 No.-

Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria are associated with acute renal failure. The cause of rhabdomyolysis is diverse: disturbance of muscle metabolism, alcohol abuse, primary muscle disease, sustained seizure, infection, drugs or toxins. Rhabdomyolysis is abnormal clinical condition that myoglobin and other muscle cell components are released from injured muscle, and causes myoglobinuria and acute tubular necrosis. A 30 year old man developed acute renal failure with rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria after sustained seizure due to alcohol withdrawal delirium. A conservative management of renal failure was failed and hemodialysis was done. He recovered uneventfully from renal shut down.

혈액 투석 환자에서 요소 동력학 모형과 영양 상태의 관계

송종오 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1997 건국의과학학술지 Vol.7 No.-

Malnutrition has been recognized in maintenance hemodialysis patients since the initiation of this long-term therapy. The causes of protein-caloric malnutrition in the chronic hemodialysis population are multifactorial, with decreased intake, increased loss, and altered metabolism as likely major categories. Considerable confusion surrounds the question of what constitutes adequate hemodialysis for the patient with end-stage renal disease. Malnutrition and inadequate hemodialysis increase the mortality and morbidity in chronic hemodialysis patients. It is well known that optimal nutritional support and adequate hemodialysis prescription are important factors to determine the prognosis of long-term hemodialysis patients. This study was designed to evaluate the nutritional status and the adequacy of hemodialysis and to assess the relationship between them. Assessment of nutritional status include Subjective Global Assessment(SGA) and dietary intake by 24 hours usual food intake recall method, anthropometric measurements. Biochemical analysis was done. Adequacy of hemodialysis was evaluated by Urea Kinetic Modeling(UKM). Each nutritional status was compared with biochemical and urea kinetic variables. Results were as following: 1) Twenty two patients with mean age of 50.6 ±10.4 years and mean hemodialysis duration of 25.9 ±35.1 months were selected. The most common causative disease was chronic glomerulonephritis. 2) Blood Urea Nitrogen(BUN) and creatinine were significantly higher in male patients (70.1 ±17.1 ㎎/㎗, 11.9 ±4.2 ㎎/㎗) than in female patients (50.7 ±13.7 ㎎/㎗, 7.4 ±2 ㎎/㎗) (p<0.01). 3) Total caloric intake was slightly higher in male patients (1532.1 ±322.1 ㎉/day) than in female patients (1314.4 ±235.1 ㎉/day), but not significant. 4) Calculated Arm Muscle Area(CAMA), Lean Body Mass(LBM) were significantly higher in male patients (32.9 ±10.1 ㎝2, 49.7 ±5.2 ㎏) than in female patients (25 ±6.6 ㎝2, 40.9 ±3.2 ㎏) (p<0.05). Triceps skinfold thickness (0.6 ±0.2 ㎝) (p<0.05). Triceps skinfold thickness(TSF) was significantly higher in female patients(0.8±0.2 cm)than in male patients(0.6±0.2cm)(p < 0.05) 5) Urea Generation Rate(UGR) was significantly higher in male patients (4.02 ±0.87 ㎎/min) than in female patients (2.22 ±0.59 ㎎/min) (p<0.0001) 6) According to SGA, twelve patients were classified as normal nutrition group and remained ten patients were malnourished. Serum albumin was significantly lower in malnourished group (3.1 ±0.4 g/㎗) than in normal nutrition group (3.4 ±0.4 g/㎗)(p<0.0001). Total cholesterol was significantly higher in normal nutrition group(163.4 ±30.4 ㎎/㎗) than in malnourished group(137.6 ±25.2 ㎎/㎗) (p<0.05). % ideal body weight, % body fat, Midarm Circumference(MAC). TSF, CAMA, LBM. Total Body Muscle(TBM) were lower in malnourished group(89 ±8.6 %, 16.4 ±5.2 %, 22.8 ±3.2 ㎝, 0.7 ±0.1 ㎝, 26.8 ±10.8 ㎝2, 44.5 ±5.5 ㎏, 16.7 ±5.3 ㎏) than in normal nutrition group(92.3 ±8.6 %, 17.2 ±6.6 %, 24.4 ±2.3 ㎝, 0.7 ±0.3 ㎝, 31.5 ±7.9 ㎝2, 46.7 ±6.8 ㎏, 19.1 ±4.1 ㎏), but not significant. Fractional clearance of urea(KT/Vurea) was significantly lower in malnourished group(1 ±0.2) than in normal nutrition group(1.27 ±0.23) (p<0.05). 7) KT/Vurea showed correlation with serum albumin(r=0.62, p<0.05). UGR showed correlation with MAC(r=0.44. p<0.05), CAMA(r=0.39, p<0.05). LBM(r=0.58, p<0.01) and TBM(r=0.52, p<0.01). In conclusion, KT/Vurea is lower in malnourished group than in normal nutrition group and has relationship with serum albumin level and provides sensitive measure of nutritional status assessed by SGA. Serial follow-up of KT/Vurea with adequate hemodialysis prescription may improve the nutritional of patients. Sufficient nutritional support and proper hemodialysis will improve the prognosis of patients on chronic hemodialysis.

충주 중원 지방에서의 HBsAg 및 HBsAb 양성률에 관한 연구

송종오 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1993 건국의과학학술지 Vol.3 No.-

To evaluate the positivities of HBsAg abd HBsAb, and the differences of them by age and sex, the study was carried out in 11728 subjects in Choong-ju and Joong-won areas who visited to Kon-Kuk University Hospital during the period between January 1990 and December 1992. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The overall positivities of HBsAg was 9.1% and that of HBsAb was 21.4%. 2. The positivities of HBsAg and HBsAb in male were 11.2% and 20.1% respectively. 3. The positivities of HBsAg and HBsAb in female were 7.6% and 22.3% respectively. 4. HBsAg positivity was significantly higher in male (p<0.005) and HBsAb positivity was slightly higher in female (p>0.1). 5. The positivities of HBsAg and HBsAb showed decreasing tendency with increasing age but there was no statistical significance between age and them (P<0.1).

상부 위장관 출혈에 대한 임상적 고찰

송종오 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1994 건국의과학학술지 Vol.4 No.-

Clinical study was done in 158 patients with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding(UGI bleeding) who admitted to the Kon-Kuk University Hospital over a period of 4 years, from January 1990 to December 1993. The obtained result were as follows: In 158 patients with UGI bleeding, male patients were 129 and female patients were 29 in number. The ratio of male to female was about 4.4:1 and showed male predominance. Peak age incidence of UGI bleeding was 6th decade. The causes of UGI bleeding were as follows: Duodenal ulcer 32 cases(20.3%), Erosive gastritis 31 cases(19.6%), Gastric ulcer 30 cases(19.0%), Esophageal varices 27 cases(17.1%), Mallory-Weiss syndrome 18 cases(11.4%), Gastric cancer 10 cases(6.3%), Undetermined origin 4 cases(2.5%). Initialhemoglobin concentration over 10 gm% was 66 cases (41.8%), less than 7gm% was 25 cases(15.8%), between 7 and 10gm% was 67 cases(42.4%). Total blood transfusion amount was 1 to 5 pints in 78 cases(49.4%), 6 to 10 pints in 33 cases(20.9%), 11 to 15 pints in 4 case(2.5%) and no transfusion in 43 cases(27.2%). Clinical manifestations of UGI bleeding showed hematemesis in 52 cases(32.9%), melena in 53 cases(33.5%), combined with hematemesis and melena in 39 cases(24.7%) and others in 14 cases(8.9%). The state of lesion in initial gastrofiberscopic examination showed active bleeding in 39 cases(24.7%), recent bleeding 68 cases(43.1%), no bleeding 48 cases(30.3%) and no lesion in 3 cases(1.9%). Total recovery rate was 86.1%(136 in 158 cases). 84.8% of patients were improved with conservative medical treatment, 8.2% of patients required surgery and all patients improved. Blood urea nitrogen level was 25.6±16.8mg%(mean±S.D.).

요로 감염에 대한 임상적 고찰

송종오 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1993 건국의과학학술지 Vol.3 No.-

In order to evaluate the clinical patterns of Urinary Tract Infections(UTIs), the author performed study in 247 cases of patients with UTIs who visited Kon-Kuk University Hospital during the preceding 3 years from January 1990 to December 1992. The results were as follows: 1. The ratio of male to female was 1 to 2.5 and the highest age incidence of UTIs was found in 6th decade in male(20.0%) and 3rd decade in female(26.0%). The overall highest age incidence of UTIs was 3rd decade(23.6%). 2. The incidence of uncomplicated infection was 53.0% and that of complicated infection was 35.2%. The incidence of nosocomial infection was 11.8%. 3. The cause of complicated and nosocomial infection was diverse. The most common cause was foreign bodies such as retention catheter or urinary stone(31.9%). The remainders were diabetes mellitus(23.3%), pregnancy(19.0%), obstructive uropathy(10.3%), neurogenic bladder(8.6%) in decreasing order. 4. In the clinical manifestations on visitation, the most common was fever with chill(65.2%), followed by flank or abdominal pain(51.4%), headache(28.3), nausea(25.1%), dysuria(23.9%), urinary frequency(22.7%), vomiting(21.1%) in decreasing order. 5. On urinalysis on visitation, many WBC, 0-5 RBC in high power field and negative proteins were the most common findings(47.4%, 54.7%, 42.9%). 6. The use of retention catheter over 7 days closely related to UTIs. 7. The result of urine culture was positive in 88.7%(219 cases in 247 cases). The most common causative organism was E.coli(46.1%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus, 27.4%), Pseudomonas(8.7%), Serratia(5.4%), Klebsiella(4.1%) in decreasing order. The most common causative organism in male was S. aureus. And the commonest causative organism in female was E. coli. 8. E. coli was the commonest causative organism in community acquired and complicated infection. In nosocomial infection, the commonest causative organism was Pseudomonas. 9. In sensitivity tests, Cephalothin, Amikacin and Gentamicin were relatively sensitive antibiotics to most organisms. Gram negative organisms were sensitive to Amikacin, Gentamicin and Tobramycin, and Gram positive organisms were sensitive to Cephalothin.

혈액투석중인 만성신부전환자에서 고혈압과 각종 지표와의 관계

송종오 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2001 건국의과학학술지 Vol.11 No.-

Hypertension is a common and difficult clinical problem to manage in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in defining the role of hypertension as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in this population, developing techniques to improve blood pressure control, and assessing their effect on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality Prospective studies regarding the relationship between blood pressure and mortality in hemodialysis populations have been inconsistent and controversial. In this study, relations between hypertension and various parameters of patients with chronic renal failure on maintenance hemodialysis were analyzed. Blood pressure was higher in younger and male patients than older and female patients, Patients with diabetes had lower postdialysis diastolic blood pressure and patients with cardiovascular complications had higher blood pressure than patients without complications. Patients with low comp1iance with dialysis had higher blood pressure. Adequacy of dialysis such as Percent Urea Reduction Rate(PUR) and Kt/V was negatively correlated with blood pressure. But interdialytic weight gain was not related with change of blood pressure. And other laboratory parameters including hemoglobin, albumin, total cholesterol and sodium showed no correlations with high blood pressure.

Paraquat 중독에 관한 임상적 고찰

송종오 건국대학교 의과학연구소 1999 건국의과학학술지 Vol.9 No.-

Paraquat(1, 1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridyldiylium dichloride, molecular weight: 256) is a nonspecific herbicide with high toxicity. Paraquat has been marketed since mid-1960s as a contact herbicide and dessicant worldwide. Most cases of death from paraquat intoxication are from ingestion of blue-green liquid formulation for attempting suicide. Treatment of paraquat intoxication is a conservative measurement including decontamination and elimination of paraquat by a dialysis. We evaluated the clinical aspect of this highly toxic and fatal intoxications with 85 patients who visited emergency room of Konkuk University Medical Center Chung-ju Hospital from 1991 to 1998 with the diagnosis of intoxication of paraquat. The clinical aspect includes age and sex, annual incidence, causes of poisoning, arrival time, presence or absence of alcohol consumption, clinical symptoms and laboratory findings on arrival, admission time, relation between prognosis and amount of ingestion. Most intoxication occurred in 30-40 years of age and showed male predominance. Steady state occurrence rate was shown during observation period. Most patients arrived between 1 and 6 hours after ingestion. Most common cause of intoxication was suicidal ingestion and next was accidental ingestion. Male patients consume alcohol more than female patients. Most common symptom on arrival was vomiting. Nausea, glycosuria, sore throat, proteinuria, dyspnea, epigastric pain were followed. Laboratory findings showed occasional leukocytosis, elevated transaminases, azotemia, hypoxia, acidemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, Admission time was short in expired cases and prolonged in improved cases. There was no recovery in the cases of ingestion of more than 50ml of paraquat and no death in the cases of ingestion of less than 10ml of paraquat.

유류오염토양의 생물학적 복원을 위한 혼합이온교환수지 캡술기법의 개발

송종오 ( Jong Oh Song ),김동국 ( Dong Kuk Kim ),김성철 ( Sung Chul Kim ),양재의 ( Jae E. Yang ) 한국토양비료학회 2009 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.2009 No.-