Ultrasound-Triggered Drug Release of Hydroxyapatite Coated Liposomes

조성근,위태인,하정,조선행,한건,한희동,신병철,Cho, Sung Keun,Wee, Tae In,Ha, Jeung,Cho, Sun Hang,Han, Kun,Han, Hee Dong,Shin, Byung Cheol Korean Chemical Society 2013 대한화학회지 Vol.57 No.4

리포솜은 표적 약물을 봉입하여 병소에 안전하게 전달할 수 있는 약물전달체로서 연구되고 있다. 그러나 일반적인 리포솜은 표적부위에서 약물방출이 제한적인 문제점이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 리포솜의 안정성을 향상시키고 표적부위에서 외부 초음파로부터 약물의 방출을 극대화시키기 위하여 하이드록시아파타이트(hydroxyapatite, HA)가 코팅된 리포솜을 개발하였다. 대조군 리포솜은 인지질과 콜레스테롤을 이용하여 제조하였고, 대조군 리포솜의 표면에 칼슘 아세테이트, 포스포릭에시드, 그리고 25% 암모니아용액을 이용하여 HA를 코팅하였다. 모델 약물로는 독소루비신을 사용하였다. HA코팅 리포솜의 크기는 120 nm 이었고, 약물봉입효율은 95% 이상이었다. 30% 혈장용액 내에서 HA코팅 리포솜의 입자크기는 일정한 상태를 유지하였으며, 대조군 리포솜은 크기가 1.4배 증가하였다. 외부 초음파 자극에 의한 리포솜으로부터 약물 방출을 유도한 후, 방출된 약물의 세포 이입율은 HA 코팅된 리포솜이 3배 이상 대조군 리포솜에 비하여 증가하였다. 본 연구에서는 외부 초음파 자극에 의하여 리포솜으로부터 약물의 방출을 극대화시키기 위한 초음파 민감형 리포솜을 개발하였고, 본 제형은 표적부위에서 약물의 방출을 효과적으로 제어하기 위한 분야에 활용이 가능할 것이다. Liposomes, which can deliver payload at target site, have been studied as drug carrier. However, conventional liposomes have limitation for drug release at target site. Therefore, we developed hydroxyapatite (HA) coated ultrasound sensitive liposomes to increase drug release at target site and to enhance stability in blood stream. Control liposome was prepared using hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) and cholesterol, and then we assessed HA coating on the surface of control liposomes using calcium acetate, phosphoric acid, and 25% ammonium solution. Doxorubicin was used as a model drug. Size of HA coated liposomes was 120 nm and encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin in liposomes was up to 95%. Size of HA coated liposomes are not changed in 30% serum solution, however, the control liposomes was 1.4 fold increased. After ultrasound triggered drug release from liposomes, intracellular efficiency of drug released from HA coated liposomes was 3 fold increased compared to control liposomes. In this study, we developed ultrasound sensitive liposomes to enhance drug release, which will be applied in controlled drug release at disease site.

Matched Comparison of Fusion Rates between Hydroxyapatite Demineralized Bone Matrix and Autograft in Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Kim, Dae Hwan,Lee, Nam,Shin, Dong Ah,Yi, Seong,Kim, Keung Nyun,Ha, Yoon The Korean Neurosurgical Society 2016 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.59 No.4

Objective : To compare the fusion rate of a hydroxyapatite demineralized bone matrix (DBM) with post-laminectomy acquired autograft in lumbar interbody fusion surgery and to evaluate the correlation between fusion rate and clinical outcome. Methods : From January 2013 to April 2014, 98 patients underwent lumbar interbody fusion surgery with hydroxyapatite DBM (HA-DBM group) in our institute. Of those patients, 65 received complete CT scans for 12 months postoperatively in order to evaluate fusion status. For comparison with autograft, we selected another 65 patients who underwent lumbar interbody fusion surgery with post-laminectomy acquired autograft (Autograft group) during the same period. Both fusion material groups were matched in terms of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and bone mineral density (BMD). To evaluate the clinical outcomes, we analyzed the results of visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Results : We reviewed the CT scans of 149 fusion levels in 130 patients (HA-DBM group, 75 levels/65 patients; Autograft group, 74 levels/65 patients). Age, sex, BMI, and BMD were not significantly different between the groups (p=0.528, p=0.848, p=0.527, and p=0.610, respectively). The HA-DBM group showed 39 of 75 fused levels (52%), and the Autograft group showed 46 of 74 fused levels (62.2%). This difference was not statistically significant (p=0.21). In the HA-DBM group, older age and low BMD were significantly associated with non-fusion (61.24 vs. 66.68, p=0.027; -1.63 vs. -2.29, p=0.015, respectively). VAS and ODI showed significant improvement after surgery when fusion was successfully achieved in both groups (p=0.004, p=0.002, HA-DBM group; p=0.012, p=0.03, Autograft group). Conclusion : The fusion rates of the hydroxyapatite DBM and Autograft groups were not significantly different. In addition, clinical outcomes were similar between the groups. However, older age and low BMD are risk factors that might induce non-union after surgery with hydroxyapatite DBM.

남산의 소나무림, 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 낙엽생산과 토양유기탄소 동태

정헌모 ( Heon Mo Jeong ),김해란 ( Hae Ran Kim ),신동훈 ( Dong Hoon Shin ),이경미 ( Kyoung Mi Lee ),이승혁 ( Seung Hyuk Lee ),한영섭 ( Young Sub Han ),장래하 ( Rae Ha Jang ),이상경 ( Sang Kyeong Lee ),김태규 ( Tae Kyu Kim ),유영한 한국환경생물학회 2013 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.31 No.2

남산의 소나무림, 신갈나무림 그리고 아까시나무림에서 2008년 1월부터 2009년 12월까지의 월별 낙엽생산량과 토양의 유기탄소량을 조사하였다. 소나무림은 2008년과 2009년 모두 10월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2008년 1월과 2009년 12월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 신갈나무림은 2008년과 2009년 모두 11월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 아까시나무림은 2008년 11월과 2009년 10월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 많았으며, 2008년 1월과 2009년 12월에 낙엽생산량이 가장 적었다. 이것은 한반도 중부에서 상록성의 소나무림이 낙엽성의 참나무숲 보다 더 일찍 낙엽이 진다는 것을 의미한다. 소나무림과 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 2년 평균의 낙엽생산량은 7.07, 6.36, 5.02 ton ha-1로 소나무가 가장 많았다. 소나무림과 신갈나무림, 아까시나무림의 2년 평균의 토양유기탄소량은 76.2, 68.6, 72.5 ton C ha-1로 소나무림에서 가장 많았다. 이처럼 소나무숲에서 높게 나타난 것은 남산에서 신갈나무나 아까시나무를 벌목하여 임목밀도가 줄었기 때문이다. The objective of this study was to estimate dynamics of litter production and soil organic carbon of Pinus densiflora forest, Quercus mongolica forest, and Rhobina pseudo-acasia forest at Mt. Nam as a part of Korea National Long-Term Ecological Research (KNLTER) from 2008 to 2009. Litter production of P. densiflora forest was the highest in October 2008, 2009 and the lowest in January 2008 and December 2009. Litter production of Q. mongolica forest was the highest in November and the lowest in February in 2008 and 2009. Litter production of R. pseudo-acacia forest was the highest in November in 2008 and October in 2009 and the lowest in January in 2008 and December in 2009. It means that leaves of P. densiflora forest shed earlier than deciduous oak forests in Korean central region. An average of litter production for 2 years was 7.07, 6.36, 4.66 ton ha-1 in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively. An average of soil organic carbon matter for 2 years was 88.3, 76.5, 84.2 ton ha-1 in P. densiflora forest, Q. mongolica forest, R. psuedo-acacia forest, respectively.

치골결합의 외상성 분리에 대한 치료

하상호,유재원,이상홍,신동민,표영배,안병관 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1991 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.16 No.2

The separation of symphysis pubis as a result of injury is uncommon, but it is increasing in number in parallel with today's speedy development of car industry. Most cases of the separation of symphysis pubis are amenable to closed treatments, but unstble separation where the reduction is difficult to maintain may require open techniques. Authors analyzed 27 cases of traumatic separation of symphysis pubis with 16 months follow-up on an average, who had been treated at the Orthopaedic Department, Chosun University Hospital. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The most common cause was traffic accident (81.5%). 2. Among of 27 patients, instability on the posterior stabilizer of pelvic bone was noticed in 18 patients. 3. Fifteen patients were treated with closed methods(bed rest, hammock, traction)and twelves were treated by the open reduction and internal fixation. 4. Internal fixations were carried out with plate and screw(5 cases), screw and wiring(4 cases), and wiring (3 cases). 5. The separation of symphysis pubis with minimal disruption of posterior stabilizer were treated by closed treatment or internal fixation of the separation of symphysis pubis diastasis alone, and its result was good or excellent. 6. We think that the symphysis pubis diastasis with severe disruption of posterior stabilizer should be fixed anteriorly and posteriorly both.

비골신경내에 발생한 신경내 결정종 : 1례 보고

하상호,노연섭,신동민,정원영 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1991 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.16 No.1

Although ganglion cysts are common, they rarely involve peripheral nerves. A case of intraneural ganglion of the peroneal nerve in a 40 years old woman was reported. The cystic ganglion was located at the region of the bifurcation of the peroneal nerve without communication of any joint or bursa, and was excised totally.

자율신경계의 활성도 측정을 위한 Data Acquisition System의 개발 및 임상응용

신동구,박종선,김영조,심봉섭,이상학,이준하 영남대학교 기초/임상의학연구소 2001 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.18 No.1

Background: Power spectrum analysis method is a powerful noninvasive tool for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity. In this paper, we developed a data acquistion system for estimating the activity of the autonomic nervous system by the analysis of heart rate and respiratory rate variability using power spectrum analysis. Materials and methods: For the detection of QRS peak and measurement of respiratory rate from patient's ECG, we used low-pass filter and impedance method respectively. This system adopt an isolated power for patient's safety. In this system, two output signals can be obtained: R-R interval(heart rate) and respiration rate time series. Experimental ranges are 30∼240 BPM for ECG and 15∼80 BPM for respiration. Regults: The system can acquire two signals accurately both in the experimental test using simulator and in real clinical setting. Conclusion: The system developed in this paper is efficient for the acquisition of heart rate and respiration signals. This system will play a role in research area for improving our understanding of the pathophysiologic involvement of the autonomic nervous system in various disease states.

Trophic importance of meiofauna to polychaetes in a seagrass (Zostera marina) bed as traced by stable isotopes

Ha, Sun-Yong,Min, Won-Ki,Kim, Dong-Sung,Shin, Kyung-Hoon Cambridge University Press [etc.] 2014 Journal of the Marine Biological Association of th Vol.94 No.1

<P> Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of benthic invertebrates and their potential food sources, such as suspended particulate organic matter (POM), benthic microalgae, attached algae and seagrass, were identified in Dong-dae Bay during the winter. The carbon stable isotope ratios demonstrate that filter feeders, such as oysters (?19.5 ± 1.0‰), use benthic microalgae (?21.2 ± 0.2‰) as a major food, and polychaetes such as Glycera spp. (?14.0 ± 0.6 ‰) preferentially use meiofauna, such as nematodes (?14.0 ± 0.4‰) and copepods (?13.3 ± 1.0‰). These meiofauna may feed on mixed resources (including bacteria) with the isotope ratios between benthic microalgae (?21.2 ± 0.2‰) and seagrass (?9.3 ± 01.0‰). These findings are consistent with the trophic enrichment in the nitrogen isotope ratios (by 3?4‰) between consumers and food sources. Moreover, the results of the MixSIR model based on the observed isotope ratios suggest a large seagrass contribution to the food sources of benthic organisms such as meiofauna (~53.7?62.6%) and macrobenthos (~41.1?68%) through the food web. This model additionally suggests a relatively large contribution of benthic microalgae to the food sources of filter feeders (i.e. 26.4% for oysters). </P>

실내사무환경의 환경성담배연기(ETS)의 지표물질에 관한 연구

하권철,백남원,박동욱,윤충식,김원,최상준,박지영,최인자,김신범,강태선 한국산업위생학회 2003 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.13 No.2

The purpose of this research is to evaluate indoor office environment using the concentrations of nicotine, 3-enthenyl-pyridine(3-EP), and respirable suspended particulate(RSP), which are indicators for environmental tobacco smoke(ETS) and the correlations between indicators and environmental conditions(smoking density, smoking index). The mean air charge per hour (ACH) in smoking rooms was 10.4 and most of the smoking rooms showed non-compliance withe ASHRAE standard value except only one smoking rooms. The concentrations of RSP, 3-EP, nicotine showed log=normal distributions, and became different statistically depending on smoking condition(p〈0.01). The geometric mean concentration of RSP in smoking room was 441.7 ug/㎡ that is far exceeded environmental standard(150 ug/㎡). This implies that fine particulate in smoking room should be carefully controlled considering smoking density and ventilation fate. The mean concentrations of nicotine and 3-EP were 93.4 ug/㎥, respectively. The correlation coefficients between RSP and SI, 3-EP and SI, and Nicotine and SI were 0.67, 0.84 and 0.74, respectively. The correlation coefficient between nicotine and 3-EP, nicotine and RSP, and RSP and 3-EP were 0.76,0.78 and 0.57 respectively.

KOSDAQ 시장에서의 Fama-French 3요인 모형의 유효성 검정

신민식,이동하 慶北大學校出版部 2005 經商論集 Vol.32 No.2

This paper examines Fama-MacBeth's cross section regression analysis to examine relation between corporation size, BE/ME, β and expected return to manufacturing industry that is listed to KOSDAQ securities market for 36 months from January 2000 to December 2002 all, and recognized whether is useful in case of manufacturing industry that 3 factors model of Fama-French through time-series analysis is listed to KOSDAQ securities market. Also, new listing bias and survival bias in that corporation size, BE/ME, β's factors explain cross section difference of expected return watch differences analyzed effect that reach. The main results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, cross section regression analysis result of Fama-MacBeth(1973), β, size and all BE/ME did not significantly. Only, in β's case, was expose that have significant at the ten-percent level value that keep in mind of negative(-) at analysis that is multi-regression, but show that β's explanatory power is ceilinged too because expected return is decrescent β grows. Second, market factor and BE/ME factor kept in mind in all portfolios in analysis that use 3 factors model of Fama-French(1993), and although corporation leading person was difference by type, delisting corporation appeared to significant on the whole except sample C that is included. Third, analysis result about effect that new listing bias and survival bias reach in 3 factors model of Fama-French(1993) can say that {R_(mt)-R_(ft)], HML variable is healthy about the survival convenience of new listing.

달맞이꽃 종자가 혈중 Cholesterol치 및 면역반응에 미치는 영향

신동규,최하영,김형일,이정청 대한신경외과학회 1992 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.21 No.3

달맞이꽃 종자가 생체 생리활성에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위한 지금까지의 수 많은 연구에도 불구하고 이의 투여가 혈청 cholesterol(CHO)치에 미치는 영향에 관해서는 논란이 많으며, 만약 달맞이꽃 종자를 투여함으로 혈청CHO치가 변화된다면 이로 인하여 생체 면역 반응이 변조될 가능성을 유추할 수 있음에도 불구하고 면역 반응에 있어서 달맞이꽃 종자가 CHO치와의 상호 작용을 규명키 위한 연구 보고는 전무하다. 이에 저자는 달맞이꽃 종자가 정상 동물의 혈중 CHO치에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 토끼에 달맞이꽃 종자(EPS)를 섭식시키거나 또는 그 추출물(EPE)을 투여한 후 경시적으로 혈청CHO치의 변동을 측정하였으며, 아울러 달맞이꽃 종자 투여에 의한 CHO치의 변화가 생체 내 세포성 및 체액성 면역반응에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 마우스에 EPE와 CHO를 단독 또는 병합 투여한 후 면양적혈구로 면역하여 족척종창 반응으로 측정한 Arthus반응과 지연성 과민반응(DTH) 그리고 적혈구 응집 항체가로 측정한 체액성 면역 반응에 미치는 달맞이꽃 종자의 영향을 측정하였던 바 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 1) 혈중 CHO치는 EPS 및 EPE 모두 투여 4일까지는 유의한 영향을 보이지 않았으나, 이들을 계속 투여하면 대조에 비하여 현저히 저하되었으며, 그 저하의 정도는 EPE투여군에 비하여 EPS군에서 더욱 현저하였다. 2) Arthus반응은 EPE와 CHO를 단독 또는 혼합투여시 모두 유의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 3) DTH반응은 CHO단독 투여군에서는 유의한 영향을 받지 않았으나 EPE 단독 투여군에서는 현저히 저하되었으며, CHO는 EPE 투여에 의한 DTH반응의 감소를 유의하게 회복시켰다. 4) 항체 반응은 EPE 투여군에서는 현저히 그리고 CHO 투여군에서는 다소 저하되었으며 EPE와 CHO를 혼합 투여시는 CHO 단독 투여군에서의 그것과 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 성적은 달맞이꽃 종자가 혈청 CHO치, DTH 및 항체 반응 모두를 저하시키며, 특히 EPE의 투여에 의한 면역 반응의 감소는 EPE의 혈청 CHO감소 작용에 부분적으로 의존함을 제시한다. Evening primrose oil(EPO), which contains 72% cis-linoleic acid and 9% cisgamma linolenic acid, has been clinically used for treatment of number of diseases in human and animals. And it is also known to lower cholesterol(CHO) level of hypercholesterolaemic individuals. But the role of EPO as CHO-suppressant is controversal, and the relationship of EPO to CHO level in immune regulating activities is unclear at present. To evaluate the effect of evening primrose on the normal plasma CHO-levels. rabbits were fed with evening primrose seed(EPS) or injected with evening primrose seed-extract(EPE), and measured the plasma CHO-levels by duration of treatment. Both of EPS and EPE did not influence the plasma CHO-levels until 4 day treatment and thereafter the levels were significantly reduced. For the investigation of the EPE-effect on immune response to sheep erythrocytes(SRBC), mice were injected with EPE for 4 days before SRBC-sensitization or with CHO just before SRBC. Sensitization or with CHO in regulating effect of immune response was evaluated by the measuring the footpad swelling reaction and antibody response to SRBC. EPE itself did not influence Arthus reaction but it remarkable reduced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody production in comparison with control. CHO slightly increased Arthus reaction and DTH, but it somewhat decreased antibody responses. However, CHO significantly recovered the EPE-induced decrement of DTH and humoral immunity. These results led to that conclusion the evening primrose triggers the decrease of plasma CHO-levels and immune responses, and suggested that the mechanisms responsible for the nonspecific immune inhibitory effect of evening primrose might be partially due to the decrement of the CHO-levels.