현대중국 대중문화 트렌드 분석: ― 薛之谦노래 <演员>의 수사학적 특성을 중심으로

나민구(Na Min Gu),소리나(So Ri Na) 대한중국학회 2018 중국학 Vol.64 No.-

수사학은 훌륭한 말에 관한 재주이거나 학문이다. 어느 경우에나 수사학을 활용하는 목적은 말과 행동 등으로 남을 이해시키고 설득시키기 위한 것인데 연설뿐만 아니라 연극과 같은 각종 매체에서도 자주 쓰인다. 본고가 수사학적 각도로 탐구하려는 중국가수 薛之谦(설지겸)의 노래 <演员>(연기자)은 출시된 지 몇 년이 흘렀지만 아직도 많은 중국인들과 외국인들의 뇌리 속에 남아있는데 과연 어떤 요인들로 인하여 청자들과 깊은 공감대를 형성했는지에 대해 착상, 배열, 표현, 발표 등 서양 수사학 방법론을 적용하여 분석한다. 국내에서 중국 가수의 노래에 대해 수사학적으로 분석한 논문은 현재 전무한데 새로운 분석틀을 적용하여 현대중국 대중문화의 트렌드에 대한 체계적인 탐구를 시도하였다. In this paper, we analyze Chinese singer Xue Zhijian and song “actor” from the angle of Western rhetoric in order to diagnose and analyze the trend of popular culture in modern China. In the “idea” dimension, we found the overall argument of the story through the six-way rule. In ‘Arrangement’, we tried to use the language that attracts attention from the outskirts to draw the attention of the audience and understand the contents to be developed in the future. We also knew that the three elements of persuasion - ethos, logos, and pathos - were properly contained. In this paper, we explain the story to the audience logically through the method of the three – dimensional method. At the finale, he appealed to the audience the reason why he chose the last farewell, encouraging his feelings. In ‘expression’, he expresses his position effectively using various methods of tongue method, allegory method, command method, simile method, teaching method, and iteration method, and gave rhythm feeling by using rhyme. In ‘Presentation’, we divided into linguistic elements and non-linguistic elements. We analyzed storytelling technique, strength, vocalization, and pronunciation in linguistic elements, etc.

힐링의 수사학

나민구(NA Mingu) 한국수사학회 2014 수사학 Vol.0 No.21

The term "healing" which often appears in the Korean society is becoming the conversation topic in various ways. We see the trend in the titles of a lot of publications. "Healing" is added and published in front of many kinds of items from "healing diet", "healing yoga", "healing conversation", "healing speech" to "healing investment techniques", "healing ream estate", and so on. Is the age of healing in full swing? At least we can diagnose the trend as the urgent need for the healing in us humans and our society. Then why do we need healing? And who will heal whom? The term "healing" implies the meaning of both a treatment and a cure. We can say that a treatment is related with treating illnesses and a cure with restoring the mental imbalance. The concept of the "humanities treatment" has been formed and the acts of literary therapy, history therapy and philosophy therapy have spread out in the Korean society. There are instances where art is used for healing, such as in music therapy and art therapy. Furthermore, the acts of speech therapy are in progress, especially in the case of treating subjects with problems of social communication. So some universities open the department of Language Treatment and students with a "speech therapist" certificate have the chance to become speech therapy specialists. The situations like these call for establishing research direction for the rhetoric of healing for the purpose of communication and happiness. This is also the inevitable need for our society which demands treatments and cures. Body and soul are inseparable, and therefore words depend on the state of body and soul. We are able to say healthy words, words that have the power of healing others. In the first place, we can explore the Korean traditional training methods that control body and soul in 활인심방 Hwal In Sim Bang, the training method of 퇴계 이황 TyeoKye, Lee Hwang, a famous Confucianist in Joseon Dynasty. And then we can study 율곡 이이 Yulkok, Lee Yi for ways of controlling mind. Thereafter, I"d like to show a model to unfold the rhetoric of healing, based on the training of body and soul mentioned above, in the wisdom of 鬼谷子 Gui Guzi, an ancient Chinese literature and the wide compliments conversation in everyday lives of our comtemporary men.

수사학을 활용한 중국어 교수법 연구

나민구(Na Mingu) 한국수사학회 2005 수사학 Vol.0 No.2

If we can let students understand and use the method of choosing appropriate vocabulary and sentence forms using proper figures and applying it to the grammar in classes through recitation, we would be able to improve conventional teaching methods. In addition, if we could make the use of five types of theoretical system of western rhetoric and accumulated knowledge of a number of speeches, we could produce more perfect methodology. In this paper, I've tried to apply the methodology of western and Chinese rhetoric to teaching in Chinese classes. Furthermore, I've utilized the communication theory as a teaching method of figures and made it a part of Chinese rhetoric syllabus. Humble as it may be, if we only make efforts to complete the process by direct teaching and supplementation, we would have more persuasive teaching plans in the view of recipients.

마윈 “CEO 퇴임 연설” 텍스트의 수사학적 분석

나민구(Na, Min-gu),고은미(Ko, Eun-mi) 한국수사학회 2017 수사학 Vol.0 No.29

This study tries to analyse a resignation speech (texts) from the CEO office by Ma Yun of Alibaba, which was delivered as a part of the 10th anniversary of Taobao, according to a rhetorical theory of Cicero. Cicero categorized 5 domains - Invention, Disposition, Elocution, Memory and Action - by rhetorical abilities of a speaker. This study also analysed Ma Yun’s speech and his resignation speech texts, in accordance with Cicero’s categorization. When it comes to Invention, Ma Yun’s speech aims at not only marking the occasion but also declaring his own resignation and introducing his successor to audience. At the introduction of disposition, he successfully performed the tasks of attracting attention of audience, winning their favor and helping their understanding through his greetings and opinion announcement. In the body of explanation he remembers the past of Alibaba and describes its present. The body of verification shows the declaration of his resignation – the ultimate purpose of this speech – , its reconfirmation and requests toward audience. In the domain of elocution, the speaker repeatedly used important words in order to effectively deliver his message. By repetitive mention of specific words - trust, chance and change – he helped his audience with exact recognition of his message. In memory, Ma Yun heightened audience’ concentration and confidence in the speaker by making a natural speech through memorization of script. Ma Yun’s address in view of linguistic elements of action delivers clear message to audience, by using accurate pronunciation, proper dynamics and timely pauses in the paragraphs.

중국 정부의 ‘和諧’(조화) 정책에 대한 수사학적 분석

나민구(Na, Mingu),김미헌(Kim, Miheon) 한국수사학회 2016 수사학 Vol.0 No.25

The harmony society supports the improvement of all the people’s condition in China by radically solving many kinds of imbalance based on the idea of 以民爲本(Yi min wei ben)people are the basis of a nation). Not surprisingly, the Chinese people may have hoped for a better environment through the political slogan by the Hu Jintao Government. But contrary to their expectations, the government suppressed press and tightened the Internet censorship, which raised an anti-government sentiment. In return, the people used the negative slang ‘被和諧’(bei hexie, passive harmony or disharmony) as an expression of their protest at the policy, which represents the ridicule on the Chinese phenomenon deviant from the original intention of a harmonious society. So Xi Jinping, the fifth-generation leader drastically reduced usage count of the slogan(harmony or harmony society) in all sorts of political official papers and the press. The Xi Jinping Government didn’t give up the harmony society, but the government judged more appearance of the slogan would increase the anti-government sentiment. The government has tried to solve more fundamental problems of the angry people and conducted anti-corruption movement in their government, which has showed a successful result until now. It is required that the people should watch the effort of the Xi Jinping Government who tries to restore the original intention of the harmony policy which has been deviated from the beginning.

차(茶)'의 독음을 통해 본 한자음의 특징 - 한국, 일본, 베트남어를 중심으로

나민구 ( Na Mingu ),이재준 ( Lee Jaejoon ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2017 中國硏究 Vol.72 No.-

The study of this manuscript has started, inspired by precedent studies about the correlations between the presence for friction of the first sounds of words which describe '茶' all over the world and the distribution of '茶' vocabulary. It contains consideration of spreading courses of '茶', according to the presence for friction in sounds, by comparing dialect sounds of various Chinese areas with sounds of related vocabulary of many other countries. It furthermore started with the tentative conclusion that differences of spreading courses of '茶' of Korea, Japan and Vietnam may have brought about those of reading sounds of '茶' of each country, because double reading sounds of each country, which had not been dealt with by previous studies, were handed down to different regions and different times in the above countries. Also, it has traced the origin of '차'·'다'·'チャ'·'タ'·'che'·'tra', reading sounds of '茶' of Korea, Japan and Vietnam, respectively. These three countries have common methods of sound reading in 2 ways contrary to other countries and they all belong to the cultural boundary of Chinese Character. In order to compare the similarities of these reading sounds, the study pursued investigation in the way of comparing reconstructed sounds of historical phonemes corresponding to the reading sounds of the three countries with those of China in the far-off times. It also shows that the sounds reconstructed by similar pronunciation significantly correlate to each other in the historical aspect. Lastly, the study investigated the features of reading sounds, among reading sounds of '茶', used like native tongue such as '차'·'チャ'·'che' in Korea, Japan and Vietnam and typical characteristics of the sounds. The three reading sounds, '차'·' チャ'·'che', got settled in the system of corresponding vocabulary after being introduced earlier than other sounds and used like native tongue. Afterward they formed a variety of vocabulary, combined with existing native morpheme. On the contrary, the three other words, '다'·'サ'·'tra' were introduced later than the former words, were not used like native tongue, and rather used in forming vocabulary pronouncing words as they are read. In the introduction we pursued the research based on the assumption that the sounds such as '다' or 'サ' may have originated from the reconstructed dialects, but against our expectations we have concluded that the differences of reading sounds of '茶' in Korea, Japan and Vietnam didn’t originate from the dialect differences of Chinese. Nevertheless, we are happy to get inspiration, thanks to the research, about relationships between the introduction of Chinese character sounds and the formation of the Chinese character cultural area in the East Asia.

《孟子》의 수사학

나민구(Na Mingu),김정희(Kim Junghee) 한국수사학회 2010 수사학 Vol.0 No.12

We carried out this research in an attempt to figure out, through a rhetorical analysis on 《Mencius》 with its basic data, what kinds of ornament and technology were needed in the sentences and words so that Mencius might communicate his own thought more easily and interestingly to kings and feudal lords who devoted themselves to the territorial expansion blinded from self-interest then or pursued only the luxurious and easy-going life ignoring the morality of humanity and justice. Although 《Mencius'》 concept was abstract and difficult, likely to be hard and dull, we carried out a concrete rhetoric analysis on the content of 《Mencius》 which satisfied human spirit and educated a ruler to satisfy the ears and changed the audient's mind to rectify the social confusion. Following Chapter Ⅱ we clarified a rhetorical significance of 《Mencius》 and studied 《Mencius》 as a rhetoric text of the main points of this research and the purpose of the persuasion. In Chapter Ⅲ, Ⅳ, we commented the rhetoric theory of situations of the times when 《Mencius》 was forced to be made, and argued the idea and arrangement as the classical rhetorical components to figure out what kinds of rhetorical techniques were used to achieve the objective of 《Mencius》 persuasion.

중국 원(元) 잡극 『두아원(竇娥寃)』 판결문에 대한 수사학적 분석

나민구(Na, Mingu),심예진(Sim, Yejin) 한국수사학회 2016 수사학 Vol.0 No.27

This article studies the background of ‘a murder case of an old man called Jang’ in Duawon (竇娥寃), a theater in Yuan Dynasty and tries to analyse the assertions of Dua and Zhang Noa, focused on the trial scenes appearing in the written judgment by Du Chenjang, unlike most established studies which focus on writers’ tendency of creation and the tragic characteristics of literary works. The body is largely divided into the invention, the disposition and the elocution. The rhetorical situations in which a murder case occurred are separated into situation 1 and situation 2 and the assertions of Dua and Zhang Noa are analysed in the invention. In sequence, structural patterns of the text are made up of the introduction, the body and the conclusion and the rhetorical persuasive features are treated in the disposition. In the part of the elocution, Dua carries his point by means of hyperbole, rhetoric appealing to emotions and expresses powerful messages describing realistically impossible or unfeasible. Zhang Noa threatens Dua using prolepsis, a rhetorical device by which objections are anticipated and answered in advance against opponents. Lastly, Du Chenjang makes full use of parodies at the end of the judgment.

사회언어학적 관점에서 본 상하이어의 현황과 전망

나민구 ( Na Mingu ),장금주 ( Jang Keumju ) 한국중국학회 2017 중국학보 Vol.82 No.-

항구 도시로서 상하이는 서구 문화의 영향을 일찍이 받아 들였고, GDP 총액이 1위 도시로 중국의 경제 중심지가 되었다. 이러한 경제적 지위 때문에, 이민자 인구는 사회의 많은 부분을 차지한다. 본고는 상하이어를 사회언어학적 관점에서 사회 및 지역 특성을 고려한 언어 환경 변화의 영향을 고찰해 보겠다. 먼저, 상하이어는 도시 방언으로 간주되고 사회적 언어학의 관점에서 권위를 갖는다. 이러한 상하이어의 연구를 통해 우(吳)방언과의 관계, 상하이어의 변화, 보통화의 영향을 문학적 텍스트와 신문을 기반으로 한 외국어 차용 추세를 확인한다. 다음으로 상하이에서는 주로 보통화와 상하이어를 사용하지만 이 과정은 중국 중앙 정부의 언어 표준화 정책에 따라 상황에 따른 언어적 변화이다. 실제로 상하이의 보통화 보급률은 전국 평균보다 높지만, 실제 생활에서 사용하는 보통화 비율과는 차이가 있다. 이러한 정부 정책은 지역 문화의 보호와 방언 전승을 방해는 요소가 된다. 다민족으로 구성된 중국에서 표준어 교육과 지역 언어 교육을 통해 감소 위기에 직면해있는 상하이어의 과거, 현재, 미래를 연결하고 상하이어와 우(吳)방언을 중심으로 지역 문화 보호방법을 모색하여 상하이어와 관련된 다양한 사회 문제를 개선하는 데 기여할 수 있겠다. As a port city, Shanghai was influenced by the Western culture early and became the economic center in China with GDP the first place. Due to this economic position, the population of immigrants holds much of society. This argument deals with the history of Wu(吳) dialect in Shanghai in three steps. First, the Shanghai dialect is regarded as a city dialect and has authority in terms of social linguistics, This study identifies changes of Mandarin words from Wu(吳) dialect and the trend of borrowing foreign words based on literary texts and newspapers. The study refers to the changes of the linguistic environment taking into consideration social and regional characteristics in Shanghai. Second, the argument is that each language has inequality in society even though they seem to have equality as a system. The idea is supported by the linguistic phenomena such as everyday dialogue between children and adults where Mandarin is more dominant than the Wu(吳) dialect. In this process, linguistic changes with situational factors are considered according to the standardization policy of language in China's central government. Last, this study can contribute to improving various social problems in communication as it connects past, present and future of Wu(吳) dialect, which is facing the danger of extinction and protecting local culture around Shanghainese and Wu(吳) dialect.

만주문화의 중국에 대한 영향과 만주문화위기론

나민구(NA Mingu),이수빈(Lee Soobin) 중국문화연구학회 2016 중국문화연구 Vol.0 No.34

Manchu people constantly assimilated with and influenced on their surrounding peoples’culture and enhanced their ethnic values by striving for harmony with various peoples and producing their own unique culture. Eventually, Manchurian culture contributed to the development of human civilization as a cultural heritage valuable to China and the world. Especially, Manchu people made an frequent exchange with Han Chinese and the Manchu language vocabulary existing in the Northeast dialect vividly reflects Manchu people’s cultural life, manners and customs, etc, richening today’s vocabulary of the Northeast dialect. But in spite of the influence that Manchurian culture had on the Northeast Asia, the Manchurian culture crisis theory came to the fore with intensifying Chinese economic reform and the effect of foreign culture. Manchu people no longer communicate with one another using the Manchu language. Their traditional manners have been weakened and they are assimilating with Han Chinese at high speed. Nowadays every culture experiences rapid change by the influence of economic globalization and foreign culture. However, the change of common language, region, economic activity and culture does not necessarily mean the people’s complete extinction. So long as Manchu people adopt a positive receptive stand to the Manchurian language, they can explore the value of their language and culture and going further contribute to the development of the field of economy, society and culture. Therefore, the decline of the population commanding the Manchurian language should not lead to the reduction of interest in the language and Manchurian culture. Today’s Manchurian culture waits for a new type of progress, equipped with practical values. The Manchurian culture crisis does not apply to only the Manchu people but it is a common issue to minority races in the world. So it is required that we should take an interest in and support minority races’language and culture. Furthermore, we should read the stream of times and prepare for the light and shadow of globalization in a long-term perspective.