2009년 ‘시국선언문’ 레토릭 지수 (Rhetorical Sensitivity Scale) 분석

나민구(Na Mingu) 한국수사학회 2010 수사학 Vol.0 No.13

The aim of this thesis is to analyze the Declarations of the current state of affairs by both professors and students who belong to three universities in Seoul, using the speech as a text for analysis. I'd like to find out how rhetoric-effectively such a kind of speech can be used by using rhetorical methodology for the purpose of analyzing it. In conclusion, the scores of students were higher than those of professors by 2.5 average points, in terms of rhetorical sensitivity scale as a speech text, in which students achieved 8.3 points and professors 5.8 points respectively. It can be explained in that students expressed their opinion more freely than professors as to a series of current affairs and their concerns about them. They gave a more concrete description about the situation and suggested alternatives to the improvements. They revealed their patriotism as youngsters and emotional sentiments to evoke public sympathy without reservation. In doing so, they vigorously invoked public empathy and participation, equipped with persuasive elements such as ethos, logos and pathos required for an effective speech. On the other hand professors, the highest educated intellectuals, had no choice but to exercise restraints in expressing their emotions and therefore restrictively point out worrying current affairs. They limited their position to examining principles for the political realization of democracy in general and requesting a corresponding improvement. Thus it was natural that their rhetorical sensitivity scale for persuasion was less effective than that of students.

샤오미(小米)창업자 레이쥔(雷軍)의 강연텍스트“?的夢想是什???”수사학적 분석

나민구 ( Na Mingu ),이수빈 ( Lee Soobin ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2017 中國硏究 Vol.70 No.-

This article looks into how Lei Jun effectively persuaded the audience of his assertion, by rhetorically analyzing “What is your dream?(?的夢想是什???)”, a lecture text of Lei Jun, which was given on November 21, 2014. The lecture allowed grasping the major growth engines and foundation philosophy of Xiaomi, in that it was given in 2014, when Xiaomi, which was founded by Lei Jun, registered explosive growth and attracted attention at home and abroad. It also has a educational significance for leading young men into going forward in the right direction because it was delivered by the most successful founder until a recent date. Therefore this manuscript pursued the study according to the constituting principle of invention, disposition, elocution, memory and delivery, which are 5 theoretical territories of classical western rhetoric. The result shows that the text has no features of a judicial or an epideictic speech and rather it is similar to a political speech, since the speaker tries to provide the future direction and vision and persuade the audience to change their attitude based on his experience. Meanwhile the speaker is in a position of an advisor who gives young men concrete methods by means of his own experience. He explained the feasible bases of his argument by presenting the available reasons of “challenge to achieve dreams”, “step-by-step practice” and “seizing opportunities”. In addition, he got the audience`s trust and logically asserted his intention by using “topos of authority”, “topos of age” and “topos of availability”, which conform to inner topos. But the text reveals the limit of presenting the bases of argument rather in the abstract. The text consists of preface, explanation, argument and conclusion and each includes key elements of its own domain. The speaker emphasized his contention by proper use of rhetoric such as selection of positive vocabulary, repetition and disposition of 3 times repetition of the same structure sentences, rhetoric of drawing the other`s judgment using interrogatives, Shiritori, etc. Furthermore he maximized the effect of the speech by means of using standard language, stable tone and pace, and appropriate use of pauses. What is better, Lei Jun was able to win the audience`s favor and trust through perfect gestures for the situation and a variety of facial expressions.

사회언어학적 관점에서 본 상하이어의 현황과 전망

나민구 ( Na Mingu ),장금주 ( Jang Keumju ) 한국중국학회 2017 중국학보 Vol.82 No.-

항구 도시로서 상하이는 서구 문화의 영향을 일찍이 받아 들였고, GDP 총액이 1위 도시로 중국의 경제 중심지가 되었다. 이러한 경제적 지위 때문에, 이민자 인구는 사회의 많은 부분을 차지한다. 본고는 상하이어를 사회언어학적 관점에서 사회 및 지역 특성을 고려한 언어 환경 변화의 영향을 고찰해 보겠다. 먼저, 상하이어는 도시 방언으로 간주되고 사회적 언어학의 관점에서 권위를 갖는다. 이러한 상하이어의 연구를 통해 우(吳)방언과의 관계, 상하이어의 변화, 보통화의 영향을 문학적 텍스트와 신문을 기반으로 한 외국어 차용 추세를 확인한다. 다음으로 상하이에서는 주로 보통화와 상하이어를 사용하지만 이 과정은 중국 중앙 정부의 언어 표준화 정책에 따라 상황에 따른 언어적 변화이다. 실제로 상하이의 보통화 보급률은 전국 평균보다 높지만, 실제 생활에서 사용하는 보통화 비율과는 차이가 있다. 이러한 정부 정책은 지역 문화의 보호와 방언 전승을 방해는 요소가 된다. 다민족으로 구성된 중국에서 표준어 교육과 지역 언어 교육을 통해 감소 위기에 직면해있는 상하이어의 과거, 현재, 미래를 연결하고 상하이어와 우(吳)방언을 중심으로 지역 문화 보호방법을 모색하여 상하이어와 관련된 다양한 사회 문제를 개선하는 데 기여할 수 있겠다. As a port city, Shanghai was influenced by the Western culture early and became the economic center in China with GDP the first place. Due to this economic position, the population of immigrants holds much of society. This argument deals with the history of Wu(吳) dialect in Shanghai in three steps. First, the Shanghai dialect is regarded as a city dialect and has authority in terms of social linguistics, This study identifies changes of Mandarin words from Wu(吳) dialect and the trend of borrowing foreign words based on literary texts and newspapers. The study refers to the changes of the linguistic environment taking into consideration social and regional characteristics in Shanghai. Second, the argument is that each language has inequality in society even though they seem to have equality as a system. The idea is supported by the linguistic phenomena such as everyday dialogue between children and adults where Mandarin is more dominant than the Wu(吳) dialect. In this process, linguistic changes with situational factors are considered according to the standardization policy of language in China's central government. Last, this study can contribute to improving various social problems in communication as it connects past, present and future of Wu(吳) dialect, which is facing the danger of extinction and protecting local culture around Shanghainese and Wu(吳) dialect.

중국 원(元) 잡극 『두아원(竇娥寃)』 판결문에 대한 수사학적 분석

나민구(Na, Mingu),심예진(Sim, Yejin) 한국수사학회 2016 수사학 Vol.0 No.27

This article studies the background of ‘a murder case of an old man called Jang’ in Duawon (竇娥寃), a theater in Yuan Dynasty and tries to analyse the assertions of Dua and Zhang Noa, focused on the trial scenes appearing in the written judgment by Du Chenjang, unlike most established studies which focus on writers’ tendency of creation and the tragic characteristics of literary works. The body is largely divided into the invention, the disposition and the elocution. The rhetorical situations in which a murder case occurred are separated into situation 1 and situation 2 and the assertions of Dua and Zhang Noa are analysed in the invention. In sequence, structural patterns of the text are made up of the introduction, the body and the conclusion and the rhetorical persuasive features are treated in the disposition. In the part of the elocution, Dua carries his point by means of hyperbole, rhetoric appealing to emotions and expresses powerful messages describing realistically impossible or unfeasible. Zhang Noa threatens Dua using prolepsis, a rhetorical device by which objections are anticipated and answered in advance against opponents. Lastly, Du Chenjang makes full use of parodies at the end of the judgment.

《孟子》의 수사학

나민구(Na Mingu),김정희(Kim Junghee) 한국수사학회 2010 수사학 Vol.0 No.12

We carried out this research in an attempt to figure out, through a rhetorical analysis on 《Mencius》 with its basic data, what kinds of ornament and technology were needed in the sentences and words so that Mencius might communicate his own thought more easily and interestingly to kings and feudal lords who devoted themselves to the territorial expansion blinded from self-interest then or pursued only the luxurious and easy-going life ignoring the morality of humanity and justice. Although 《Mencius'》 concept was abstract and difficult, likely to be hard and dull, we carried out a concrete rhetoric analysis on the content of 《Mencius》 which satisfied human spirit and educated a ruler to satisfy the ears and changed the audient's mind to rectify the social confusion. Following Chapter Ⅱ we clarified a rhetorical significance of 《Mencius》 and studied 《Mencius》 as a rhetoric text of the main points of this research and the purpose of the persuasion. In Chapter Ⅲ, Ⅳ, we commented the rhetoric theory of situations of the times when 《Mencius》 was forced to be made, and argued the idea and arrangement as the classical rhetorical components to figure out what kinds of rhetorical techniques were used to achieve the objective of 《Mencius》 persuasion.

중국 정부의 ‘和諧’(조화) 정책에 대한 수사학적 분석

나민구(Na, Mingu),김미헌(Kim, Miheon) 한국수사학회 2016 수사학 Vol.0 No.25

The harmony society supports the improvement of all the people’s condition in China by radically solving many kinds of imbalance based on the idea of 以民爲本(Yi min wei ben)people are the basis of a nation). Not surprisingly, the Chinese people may have hoped for a better environment through the political slogan by the Hu Jintao Government. But contrary to their expectations, the government suppressed press and tightened the Internet censorship, which raised an anti-government sentiment. In return, the people used the negative slang ‘被和諧’(bei hexie, passive harmony or disharmony) as an expression of their protest at the policy, which represents the ridicule on the Chinese phenomenon deviant from the original intention of a harmonious society. So Xi Jinping, the fifth-generation leader drastically reduced usage count of the slogan(harmony or harmony society) in all sorts of political official papers and the press. The Xi Jinping Government didn’t give up the harmony society, but the government judged more appearance of the slogan would increase the anti-government sentiment. The government has tried to solve more fundamental problems of the angry people and conducted anti-corruption movement in their government, which has showed a successful result until now. It is required that the people should watch the effort of the Xi Jinping Government who tries to restore the original intention of the harmony policy which has been deviated from the beginning.

차(茶)'의 독음을 통해 본 한자음의 특징 - 한국, 일본, 베트남어를 중심으로

나민구 ( Na Mingu ),이재준 ( Lee Jaejoon ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2017 中國硏究 Vol.72 No.-

The study of this manuscript has started, inspired by precedent studies about the correlations between the presence for friction of the first sounds of words which describe '茶' all over the world and the distribution of '茶' vocabulary. It contains consideration of spreading courses of '茶', according to the presence for friction in sounds, by comparing dialect sounds of various Chinese areas with sounds of related vocabulary of many other countries. It furthermore started with the tentative conclusion that differences of spreading courses of '茶' of Korea, Japan and Vietnam may have brought about those of reading sounds of '茶' of each country, because double reading sounds of each country, which had not been dealt with by previous studies, were handed down to different regions and different times in the above countries. Also, it has traced the origin of '차'·'다'·'チャ'·'タ'·'che'·'tra', reading sounds of '茶' of Korea, Japan and Vietnam, respectively. These three countries have common methods of sound reading in 2 ways contrary to other countries and they all belong to the cultural boundary of Chinese Character. In order to compare the similarities of these reading sounds, the study pursued investigation in the way of comparing reconstructed sounds of historical phonemes corresponding to the reading sounds of the three countries with those of China in the far-off times. It also shows that the sounds reconstructed by similar pronunciation significantly correlate to each other in the historical aspect. Lastly, the study investigated the features of reading sounds, among reading sounds of '茶', used like native tongue such as '차'·'チャ'·'che' in Korea, Japan and Vietnam and typical characteristics of the sounds. The three reading sounds, '차'·' チャ'·'che', got settled in the system of corresponding vocabulary after being introduced earlier than other sounds and used like native tongue. Afterward they formed a variety of vocabulary, combined with existing native morpheme. On the contrary, the three other words, '다'·'サ'·'tra' were introduced later than the former words, were not used like native tongue, and rather used in forming vocabulary pronouncing words as they are read. In the introduction we pursued the research based on the assumption that the sounds such as '다' or 'サ' may have originated from the reconstructed dialects, but against our expectations we have concluded that the differences of reading sounds of '茶' in Korea, Japan and Vietnam didn’t originate from the dialect differences of Chinese. Nevertheless, we are happy to get inspiration, thanks to the research, about relationships between the introduction of Chinese character sounds and the formation of the Chinese character cultural area in the East Asia.

수사학을 활용한 중국어 교수법 연구

나민구(Na Mingu) 한국수사학회 2005 수사학 Vol.0 No.2

If we can let students understand and use the method of choosing appropriate vocabulary and sentence forms using proper figures and applying it to the grammar in classes through recitation, we would be able to improve conventional teaching methods. In addition, if we could make the use of five types of theoretical system of western rhetoric and accumulated knowledge of a number of speeches, we could produce more perfect methodology. In this paper, I've tried to apply the methodology of western and Chinese rhetoric to teaching in Chinese classes. Furthermore, I've utilized the communication theory as a teaching method of figures and made it a part of Chinese rhetoric syllabus. Humble as it may be, if we only make efforts to complete the process by direct teaching and supplementation, we would have more persuasive teaching plans in the view of recipients.

만주문화의 중국에 대한 영향과 만주문화위기론

나민구(NA Mingu),이수빈(Lee Soobin) 중국문화연구학회 2016 중국문화연구 Vol.0 No.34

Manchu people constantly assimilated with and influenced on their surrounding peoples’culture and enhanced their ethnic values by striving for harmony with various peoples and producing their own unique culture. Eventually, Manchurian culture contributed to the development of human civilization as a cultural heritage valuable to China and the world. Especially, Manchu people made an frequent exchange with Han Chinese and the Manchu language vocabulary existing in the Northeast dialect vividly reflects Manchu people’s cultural life, manners and customs, etc, richening today’s vocabulary of the Northeast dialect. But in spite of the influence that Manchurian culture had on the Northeast Asia, the Manchurian culture crisis theory came to the fore with intensifying Chinese economic reform and the effect of foreign culture. Manchu people no longer communicate with one another using the Manchu language. Their traditional manners have been weakened and they are assimilating with Han Chinese at high speed. Nowadays every culture experiences rapid change by the influence of economic globalization and foreign culture. However, the change of common language, region, economic activity and culture does not necessarily mean the people’s complete extinction. So long as Manchu people adopt a positive receptive stand to the Manchurian language, they can explore the value of their language and culture and going further contribute to the development of the field of economy, society and culture. Therefore, the decline of the population commanding the Manchurian language should not lead to the reduction of interest in the language and Manchurian culture. Today’s Manchurian culture waits for a new type of progress, equipped with practical values. The Manchurian culture crisis does not apply to only the Manchu people but it is a common issue to minority races in the world. So it is required that we should take an interest in and support minority races’language and culture. Furthermore, we should read the stream of times and prepare for the light and shadow of globalization in a long-term perspective.

「敦煌二十詠(돈황이십영)」에 나타난 수사적 기교 분석

나민구(Na Mingu),이수진(Lee, Soojin) 한국수사학회 2016 수사학 Vol.0 No.26

「敦煌二十詠 돈황이십영」 (20 pieces of Dunhuang) is poetry written in the form of ‘五言律詩 오언율시’ (a series of 5-word-line poems) and it expresses the scenery of the season in the Dunhuang area in a calm and plain manner. It shows the prosperous aspects of the past Dunhuang and also has high historical values. This article studies four characteristic rhetorical expressions of 「敦煌二十詠 돈황이십영」 (20 pieces of Dunhuang), a kind of folk poetry. First, the poet describes the barren scenery of the season of the Dunhuang area using metaphor, which rather calmly shows the scenery, and at the same time graphically depicts the greenness of the oasis in a desert, which raises the extra linguistic taste and elicits lingering imagery. Secondly, the poetry uses ‘借景抒情 차경서정’, a figure of speech by which a poet reveals his mind while describing the scenery. Consequently the emotions of the poet and the scenery mix together and are united into one. Third, the uses of hyperbole in folk literature generally have a humorous or satirical effect, but this poetry uses hyperbole and shows the effects of vivid imagery rather than humor on the appearance of the more barren, grand and elegant desert of Dunhuang. Fourthly, poetry has the characteristics of calling together a lot of quotation of old stories (典故). The quotations of old stories in the poetry make it possible to show the human geography, such as history and folklore of Dunhuang in those days. As we’ve seen, 「敦煌二十詠 돈황이십영」 (20 pieces of Dunhuang) comprehensively describes the events and natural environment of Dunhuang using rhetoric of metaphor, hyperbole, a figure of speech by which a poet reveals his mind describing the scenery and quotation of old stories, which frequently appear in folklore, in a calm and plain manner, but with the poet’s flair.