산소 전극 시스템에 사용되는 polysulfone 막에 대한 연구

홍석인,김현준,박희영,김태진,정용섭 ( Suk In Hong,Hyun Joon Kim,Hee Young Park,Tae Jin Kim,Yong Seob Jeong ) 한국공업화학회 1996 공업화학 Vol.7 No.5

산소 전극 시스템에 사용되는 합성막은 산소에 대해 선택적인 투과를 해야 하며, 화학적으로 불활성이고 또한 우수한 기계적 강도를 가져야 한다. 본 실험에서는 산소 전극에 적합한 막 제조에 목표를 두고, 열적 안정성과 기계적 강도가 우수한 polysulfone을 막 재료로 선택하였다. 막 제조시 용매로서 THF, NMP 그리고 methylene chrolide를 사용하여, 용매에 따른 막의 특성 변화를 조사하였다. PSf막을 통한 산소와 질소의 투과도 계수는 각각 가압법과 전기화학적 방법으로 측정하였으며, 가압법에 의해 측정한 산소의 투과도 계수가 약 20% 큰 값을 나타내었다. 가압법에 의한 투과 실험 결과, 공급부의 압력이 증가함에 따라 산소와 질소의 투과도 계수는 약간 감소하였으며, 이러한 거동은 유리상 고분자막을 통한 기체의 투과에서 일반적으로 나타난다. 한편 용매로서 methylene chrolide를 사용한 PSf막의 고분자 함량을 변화시켜 실험한 결과, 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 산소 전극에의 PSf막의 밀착 문제를 완화하고자 막의 유연성을 향상시키기 위해 가소제로서 TCP를 첨가하여 막을 제조 하였으며, 가소제를 소량 첨가했을 때, 투과 특성에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않고, 막의 유연성이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 본 실험에서 제조한 PSf막의 산소 전극에의 사용 가능성을 조사하기 위해 PSf막을 산소 전극에 설치하여 실험하였다. -0.3∼-1.0V에서 전류의 변화가 plateu를 나타내었으며, 산소 분압과 전류의 상관계수가 0.99949로서 PSf막을 산소전극에 적절하게 사용할 수 있으리라 생각된다. The ideal membranes for membrane-covered oxygen probes system should be selectively permeable for oxygen and chemically inert, and have good mechanical strength. Polysulfone(PSf) was selected to develop the membrane for membrane-covered oxygen electrodes system. PSf membranes have properties such as good reproducibility, good mechanical strength, chemical inertness, and high heat resistance. PSf membranes were cast from polymer solution on the glass plate at constant temperature, and casting solvents used were tetrahydrofuran(THF), methylene chloride, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone(NMP). Tricresyl phosphate(TCP) as plasicizer was added to PSf to increase the softness of membrane. The permeation characteristics were observed for pure oxygen and nitrogen through pure PSf membranes by variable volume method and membrane-covered electrode system. The permeability coefficients of oxygen and nitrogen measured by variable volumemethod were slightly de-creased with increasing of upstream pressure. Thepermeation properties of PSf membrane using methylene choride as casting solventwere not affected by the PSf amount of polymer solution. The permeabilitycoefficients of oxygen and nitrogen for PSf membrane containing TCP erevery slightly lower than those for pure PSf membrane, but ideal separation factorswere slightly higher. The flexibility of PSf membrane containing 2wt% TCP wasbetter than that of pure PSf membrane. It was expected that this increase in flexibility would solve the difficulty of fixing the membrane to the cathode. The membrane-covered oxygen probes system was composed of anode, cathode andelectrolyte. The thpe of the anode was Ag/AgCl half-cell, that of cathode was Ag,and the electrolyte was 4N KCl solution. The result of sampled current voltametryforPSf membrane showed the plateu region at -0.3V∼-1.0V. The correlationcoefficient of oxygen partial pressure versus current for PSf membrane wasrelatively high, 0.99949. it was concluded that PSf membrane was the good candidate for the membrane-covered oxygen probes system

셀롤로오스 분리막을 통한 순수 이산화탄소 메탄 및 혼합기체의 투과 특성 연구

김현준,김홍일,강용수,홍석인 ( Hyun Joon Kim,Hong Il Kim,Yong Soo Kang,Suk In Hong ) 한국공업화학회 1996 공업화학 Vol.7 No.4

Cellulose acetate(CA) 비대칭막, CA 복합막 그리고 cellulose triacetate(CTA) 비대칭막을 통한 순수 이산화탄소 및 메탄의 투과 특성을 측정하여, 투과성능의 운전압력에 대한 영향을 조사하였다. 그리고 이산화탄소와 메탄의 혼합기체(CO ₂/CH₄=57.6/42.4)에 대한 투과 특성을 조사하여, 이를 순수 기체의 투과 특성으로부터 얻어진 결과와 비교하였다. 실험은 25∼125 psig의 분압과 상온에서 실험하였다. CA 복합막과 CTA 막을 통한 기체의 투과거동은 CA 막의 투과거동과 비슷하였다. CA 막, CA 복합막 그리고 CTA 막을 통한 순수 이산화탄소의 투과속도는 상부분압이 증가함에 따라 약간 증가하였으며, 반면에 메탄의 경우에는 상부분압에 의존하지 않고 일정하였다. 그러나 혼합기체의 경우 이산화탄소에 의한 가소화 효과와 각 기체의 경쟁효과에 의해 순수 기체와는 다른 투과거동을 보였다. 각각의 분리막의 투과성능을 비교할 때, CTA 막의 분리인자와 투과속도가 CA 막의 값들보다 높은 값을 나타내었으며, CA 복합막의 투과속도가 CA 막의 값보다 높은 값을 가졌다. 그러나 CTA 막의 경우 기계적 강도가 매우 낮았다. 결국 본 연구에 사용된 CA 복합막이 투과플럭스가 크므로 이산화탄소와 메탄의 분리용 막으로 적합하다고 생각된다. The permeation characteristics were investigated for pure carbon dioxide and methane through asymmetric cellulose acetate(CA) membrane, composite cellulose acetate membrane and asymmetric cellulose triacelate(CTA) membrane. In particular, the effect of operating pressure on the permeation performance was examined. And the permeation behavior for a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane (CO₂/CH₄=57.6/42.4) was also investigated and compared to the characteristics obtained from pure gases. The experiments were run at the range of partial pressure from 25 to 125 psig, and room temperature. The permeation behaviors of the CA composite and CTA membrane were similiar to those of the CA membrane. The permeation rates of pure carbon dioxide for CA, CA composite and CTA membrane were increased slightly with an increase in upstream partial pressure, while in the case of pure methane they were independent of upstream partial pressure. For a binary mixture of carbon dioxide and methane, abnormal permeation behaviors were observed due to the plasticization of carbon dioxide and the competition effect of each gas. The separation factor and permeation rate for CTA membrane were found to be higher than those for CA membrane, but the mechanical strength of CTA membrane was very poor. and the permeation rate for CA composite membrane was higher than that for CA membrane. Consequently, it can be said that the CA composite membrane is a strong candidate for the separation of CH₄and CO₂

한국인의 후두암 발생에서 음주, Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2)와 N-Acetyltransferase 2(NAT2) 유전자 다형성의 역할

권순욱(Soon Uk Kwon),심윤상(Yoon Sang Shim),이용식(Yong Sik Lee),홍성출(Seong Chool Hong),김광일(Kwang Il Kim),홍영준(Young Joon Hong),홍석일(Seok II Hong),김현주(Hyun Joo Kim),김헌(Heon Kim),이국행(Guk Haeng Lee) 대한두경부종양학회 2001 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Objectives: Alcohol intake has been reported to be a risk factor of laryngeal cancer. Since the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) genotype is a major determinant of personal alcohol drinking habit, there is a possibility that ALDH2 genotype would be a risk factor for laryngeal cancer. N-Acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) is a detoxifying enzyme and its polymorphism has been reported to be related to the risk of many environmental cancers. However, studies on the associations between these two genotypes and laryngeal cancer risk are scarce. We have assessed the effects of alcohol intake and the genotype of ALDH2 and NAT2 on the risk of laryngeal cancer in Koreans. Materials and Methods: Eighty-four pathologically proven laryngeal cancer patients and 168 age matched controls were included as the study subjects. Information about alcohol intake and smoking habit was collected using a self administered questionnaire. ALDH2 and NAT2 genotypes were analyzed using PCR-RFLP methods. Results: Alcohol intake was significant as a risk factor for laryngeal cancer (OR : 2.58, 95% CI : 1.24, 5.36), especially for supraglottic laryngeal cancer (OR : 3.24, 95% CI : 1.02, 10.31). Personal drinking habit was closely related with personal smoking habit, which was a potent risk factor of laryngeal cancer. In a stratified analysis according to the level of cumulative smoking amount, drinking was significant neither in light smokers (equal or less than 30 pack-years) nor in heavy smoker (over 30 pack-years). The ALDH2 genotype was significantly associated with the risk of laryngeal cancer in a univariate analysis. The statistical significance, however, disappeared after adjusting alcohol intake using a multiple conditional logistic model. The NAT2 genotype was not significant as a risk factor for laryngeal cancer. Conclusion: Alcohol drinking and ALDH2 genotype would have indirect effects on laryngeal cancer by their correlations with cigarette smoking or with alcohol drinking. It is less likely that the NAT2 genotype would be a potent risk factor of laryngeal cancer.

Metalloporphyrin 계 화합물을 포함한 Polysulfone 막에서의 산소의 촉진수송

홍석인,김현준,유병수,신우철 한국화학공학회 1996 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.34 No.5

Polysulfone 막과 운반체로 iron(II) porphyrin과 colbalt(II) porphyrin을 포함하는 polysulfone 막을 통한 산소와 질소의 투과특성을 측정하여, 운반체가 산소와 질소의 투과특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 산소 운반체로는 중심이온이 iron이고 리간드가 각각 fluoride와 butyl인 [F_(20)-TPP]Fe-F와 [F_(20)-TPP]Fe-Bu, 그리고 중심이온이 cobalt인 [F_(20)-TPP]Co(II)을 합성하여 사용하였다. 실험은 30-500 mmHg의 압럭과 25℃의 온도에서 수행하였다. 실험결과 산소의 투과도 계수와, 산소와 질소의 이상분리인자가 운반체를 함유하는 막에서 운반체를 함유하지 않는 막에 비해 높은 값을 나타내었다. 운반체를 함유하는 막 중에서 산소의 투과도 계수는 운반체로 [F_(20)-TPP]Fe-Bu을 사용한 막이 가장 높은 값을 가졌으며, 이상분리인자는 운반체로 [F_(20)-TPP]Fe-F을 사용한 막이 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 운반체에 따른 이러한 산소의 투과도 계수 증가는 산소와 운반체간의 친화력에 의한 촉진수송의 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 질소의 투과도 계수 또한 운반체를 함유한 막에서 보다 높게 나타났는데, 이는 운반체의 첨가로 인해 막의 자유부피가 증가하였기 때문으로 생각할 수 있다. 산소의 용해도 계수와 용해선택도는 산소와의 친화력이 가장 좋은 [F_(20)-TPP]Fe-F을 운반체로 첨가한 막이 가장 높은 값을 가졌다. The permeation characteristics of pure oxygen and nitrogen were examined through pure polysulfone(PSf) membrane and polysulfone(PSf) membranes containing the acidic electron-poor iron(II) porphyrin and cobalt(II) porphyrin complexes. 5,10,15,20-tetraikis(pentafluorophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine iron(II) complexes with fluoride and butyl ligands, [F_(20)-TPP]Fe-F and [F_(20)-TPP]Fe-Bu, and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine cobalt(II) complex, [F_(20)-TPP] Co(II) were used as the synthetic oxygen carrieres. All permeation experiments were carried out at the range of pressure from 30 to 500 mmHg and at constant temperature, 25℃. It is shown that the ideal separation factors and oxygen permeabilities of PSf membranes containing carrier complexes were higher than those of the pure PSf membrane. The ideal separation factors of the PSf membrane containing [F_(20)-TPP]Fe-F were higher than those of the other membranes and the permeability coefficients of oxygen were the highest of the PSf membrane containing [F_(20)-TPP]Fe-Bu. The increase of oxygen permeability is due to the facilitated oxygen transport by fluoroiron porphyrins. And the nitrogen permeabilities of PSf membranes containing carrier complexes were also higher than those of the pure PSf membrane. The increase of nitrogen permeability is thought to be led by increasing the free volume of the membrane by the carrier substances. The solubility of oxygen and solubility selectivity were the highest of the membrane containing [F_(20)-TPP]Fe(II) with fluoride ligand of which the affinity with oxygen was the highest.