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하종욱,유종태 대한경영학회 2002 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.15 No.2
Recently the power of international firms throughout the world grew so radically that the firms have been accused of causing a number of social and ethical problems especially in the local countries. For this reason, the study on the international business ethics has augmented and is recognized as one of the important areas in the business administration field. Nevertheless, the study remains at an early stage because the paradigm of the field has not been established yet and also it has deep relations with neighbor academic fields such as philosophy, sociology, and ethics. Furthermore, systematic and quantitative studies can be hardly seen. This study is designed to examine the factors affecting the level of business ethics of international firms. For doing this, we assume that level of business ethics is determined by the opportunity cost more than the human characteristics, that is, firms keep rules or take charge of social responsibilities as long as the cost of doing so is lower than not. We also assume that the cost of keeping a rule or taking charge of social responsibility is different between national firms and international firms. Based on these two assumptions, a research model determining the level of business ethics of international firms is constructed and tested. Data were collected through a mail survey of firms involved in international business, which are listed in Overseas Direct Investment Statistics of Pusan published by the Bank of Korea. The response rate reached 35.1%. The collected data were analyzed through multiple regression analysis to test model. The statistics show that the model is significant. and the ethical level of host country, investment experience, and level of market involvement are turned out to be significant explanatory variables for the dependent variable, the ethical level of international firms in the host countries. The result means that the ethical level of Korean international firms is more influenced by firm specific factors such as experience of foreign involvement and mode of investment than the social specific factors. It partly implies that the ethical motive of firm is closely related to firm's interest
하종욱,박영병,어윤양 한국수산경영학회 1991 수산경영론집 Vol.22 No.2
The objectives of the study are to look into the fisheries processing industry, analyze problems the industry has, and develop strategies for the industry to take care of the problems. The study was performed in two different dimensions : industry level and firm level. Nevertheless, the study focused on the following main problem areas : raw material, production, technology development, internationalization, and managerial performance. The secondary data were utilized to analyze problems at the industry level. For analyzing the firm level situation, an empirical study by using a mail survey with a questionnaire was accomplished. The main problems found were as follows; First, difficulty in procuring raw material was the most serious and main problem. It was caused, externally, by the announcement of 200 nautical miles by most of fishery abundant countries and, internally, by drying fishery resources in the nation's coastal areas ; Second, the rate of fishery processing has been continuously increased and the degree of the processing has also been sophisticated, which implies the pattern of demand for the fishery has been changing widely and deeply. The industry, however, seemed to be unable to meet the consumers' satisfaction ; Third, with the importance of technology for ensuring the changing demands in the fishery processing industry, there has been little effort in research and development both at industry level and at the firm level ; Next, the industry has mainly involved in exporting in association with internationalization. Not to mention about foreign direct investment, technology transfer was not active ; Finally, most of firms were densely located in a few areas. The managerical performance in terms of main financial ratios still needs to be improved. Thus, strategies, which would take care of the repective problems, were developed. At industry level, the strategies were developed by reasoning mostly based on the findings from the literature survey. A scheme for internationalization of the firms was suggested. This was made by extracting the factors which would differentiate the firms' internationalization stages. In order to achieve this analysis, discriminant approach was employed. Despite the utility of the findings, it was mostly emphasized that harmonious efforts among government, the industry supporting institutions such as banks, and firms are needed for the successful operation of the strategies. Also, a list of areas for further study was provided especially in relation to the validity threatening parts of the study.