분포형 수문모형(VELAS)을 이용한 홍성 양곡리 일대 지하수 함양량 평가

하규철,박창희,김성현,신에스더,이은희,Ha, Kyoochul,Park, Changhui,Kim, Sunghyun,Shin, Esther,Lee, Eunhee 대한자원환경지질학회 2021 자원환경지질 Vol.54 No.2

본 연구는 과거와 미래의 연 단위보다 상세한 일단위 지하수 함양량을 평가하기 위해, 분포형 수문모형중의 하나인 VELAS를 이용하여 물수지에 근거한 수문요소별 변동을 분석하고자 하였다. 가뭄에 매우 취약한 충남 홍성군 서부면 양곡리 일대 소유역을 대상으로, VELAS의 입력자료인 수치표고모델, 식생도, 경사도 등의 공간특성자료를 구축하였고, 기후자료는 기상청의 일별 대기온도, 강수, 평균풍속, 상대습도 등의 자료를 공간적으로 보간하였다. 연구지역의 과거 2001년부터 2018년까지 18년 동안 일단위 물수지 분석결과, 연간 강수량은 799.1~1750.8 mm로 평균 1210.7 mm이고, 지하수 함양량은 28.8~492.9 mm로 평균 196.9 mm로 분석되었다. 연 강수량 대비 지하수 함양률은 최소 3.6%에서 최대 28.2%로 변동폭이 매우 크고, 평균 함양률은 14.9%였다. 미래 기후변화 RCP 8.5시나리오에 의한 2019년부터 2100년까지의 일단위 물수지 분석결과, 연간 강수량은 572.8~1996.5 mm(평균 1078.4 mm)이고, 지하수함양량은 26.7~432.5 mm, 평균 174.6 mm(평균 강수량의 16.2%)로서 과거보다 다소 증가하였다. 미래 연간 지하수 함양률은 최소 2.8%, 최대 45.1%, 평균 18.2%로 분석되었다. 물수지를 구성하는 요소들은 강수량과의 상관성이 잘 나타나며, 일단위보다는 연단위로 갈수록 그러한 상관성이 뚜렷했다. 다만, 증발산량은 강수량보다는 기온 등 다른 기후요소에 더 영향을 받는 것으로 보인다. 본 연구를 통해 산정된 연단위 보다 상세 시간 단위에서의 지하수함양량은 가뭄 또는 홍수 등 시기별로 강수량 변동이 심한 경우 지하수개발과 관리에 활용될 수 있는 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. In this study, one of the distributed hydrologic models, VELAS, was used to analyze the variation of hydrologic elements based on water balance analysis to evaluate the groundwater recharge in more detail than the annual time scale for the past and future. The study area is located in Yanggok-ri, Seobu-myeon, Hongseong-gun, Chungnam-do, which is very vulnerable to drought. To implement the VELAS model, spatial characteristic data such as digital elevation model (DEM), vegetation, and slope were established, and GIS data were constructed through spatial interpolation on the daily air temperature, precipitation, average wind speed, and relative humidity of the Korea Meteorological Stations. The results of the analysis showed that annual precipitation was 799.1-1750.8 mm, average 1210.7 mm, groundwater recharge of 28.8-492.9 mm, and average 196.9 mm over the past 18 years from 2001 to 2018 in the study area. Annual groundwater recharge rate compared to annual precipitation was from 3.6 to 28.2% with a very large variation and average 14.9%. By the climate change RCP 8.5 scenario, the annual precipitation from 2019 to 2100 was 572.8-1996.5 mm (average 1078.4 mm) and groundwater recharge of 26.7-432.5 mm (average precipitation 16.2%). The annual groundwater recharge rates in the future were projected from 2.8% to 45.1%, 18.2% on average. The components that make up the water balance were well correlated with precipitation, especially in the annual data rather than the daily data. However, the amount of evapotranspiration seems to be more affected by other climatic factors such as temperature. Groundwater recharge in more detailed time scale rather than annual scale is expected to provide basic data that can be used for groundwater development and management if precipitation are severely varied by time, such as droughts or floods.

Monitoring of soil water content and infiltration rate by rainfall in a water curtain cultivation area

하규철(Kyoochul Ha),김용철(Yongcheol Kim),김성윤(Sung-Yun Kim) 대한지질학회 2016 지질학회지 Vol.52 No.3

기후변화에 따른 지하수 연구개발 및 활용

하규철(Kyoochul Ha),박창희(Changhui Park),고경석(Kyung-Seok Ko) 대한지질학회 2018 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2018 No.10

가뭄 대응을 위한 well network 시스템 적용 가능성 평가 : 홍성군 서부면 양곡리 일대

하규철(Kyoochul Ha),윤희성(Heesung Yoon),고경석(Kyung-Sok Ko),이은희(Eunhee Lee),박창희(Changhui Park),김성현(Seong-Hyun Kim),송성호(Sung-Ho Song),이병선(Byung-Sun Lee),김규범(Gyoo-Bum Kim) 대한지질학회 2019 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.10

특별세션 : 하천의 수위변동에 따른 대수층의 반응: 만경강 사례분석

하규철 ( Kyoochul Ha ),고동찬 ( Dong Chan Koh ),염병우 ( Byoung Woo Yum ),이강근 ( Kang Kun Lee ) 대한지질공학회 2014 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2014 No.1

창원지역 낙동강 하천수와 주변 충적층을 이용한 지하수 인공함양의 효율성 평가

문상호,하규철,김용철,고동찬,윤희성,Moon, Sang-Ho,Ha, Kyoochul,Kim, Yongcheol,Koh, Dong-Chan,Yoon, Heesung 대한자원환경지질학회 2014 자원환경지질 Vol.47 No.6

우리나라에는 4대강 주변에 충적 대수층이 많이 발달하고 있으며, 이러한 충적층을 활용한 인공함양 시스템 운영은 향후 우리나라 미래 수자원 확보에 있어서 중요한 수단이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 이 연구는 낙동강 하천변 충적층에서 대수층 저류/이동/회수 방식의 인공함양 기법을 적용하였을 때, 하천수의 반복적인 주입이 대수층의 주입능력에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가에 대하여 고찰하였다. 인공함양 시스템의 주입 효율을 평가하기 위해서 2차례에 걸친 주입시험을 실시하였으며, 각 시험에서의 주입수(하천수)와 4개 관측정 내 지하수의 혼합 비율을 계산하여 주입 효율의 변화를 검토하였다. 혼합 비율 계산에서 사용된 수질 성분은 전기전도도로서, 연구지역에서의 하천수와 대상 지하수의 EC 값은 현저한 차이를 보여 혼합 결과를 확실하게 반영해 주었다. 2차례의 주입시험 결과, 일부 관측정에서는 1차에 비해 2차 시험에서 주입 효과의 발생 시점이 매우 느리게 나타났으며, 대부분의 관측정에서 주입수의 혼합 비율 상승률이 1차 시험에 비해 2차 시험에서 현저히 저하되어 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 인공함양 시스템의 운영이 시간이 흐를수록 그 효율성이 떨어지게 됨을 지시해주는 것이며, 향후 주입수의 수처리 등 사전 관리와 함께 주기적 양수시험, 휴지기 운영 등 사후 관리가 필수적으로 수반되어야 함을 말해 준다. 하천수 주입에 의한 대수층의 수질 개선 효과는 1차 1,210분 주입 시 1일 이상, 2차 14일간 주입 시 4일 혹은 6일 이상 유지됨을 보였다. The alluvial aquifer, widely developed near the four major rivers such as Nakdong River, can be used effectively for groundwater artificial recharge and is expected to be the future water resources in Korea. This study is aimed at examining the impact of repeatedly injected river water into the riverside alluvial aquifer on injection rate or efficiency in its system at Changweon area. For this, injection tests were performed two times, first on June 19 and second on September 25 through October 9, 2013, and the mixing ratios of river water to groundwater were used as the tool to compare the efficiency of injection. The mixing ratios were evaluated by using electrical conductivities of injected river water (average $EC=303{\mu}S/cm$) and groundwater ($EC{\fallingdotseq}6,000{\mu}S/cm$) measured at 20 m depth of four observation wells installed 10 m apart from each injection well. The result shows the remarkable differences on two respects. First, in some observation well, detection time for incipient injection effect during $2^{nd}$ injection test was shown to be much slower than that of $1^{st}$ injection test. Second, the hourly increasing rate of mixing ratios in $2^{nd}$ test was revealed to be reduced much more than that of $1^{st}$ test. This means that the efficiency of injection was badly deteriorated by only 1,210 minute injection work. Therefore, injection water needs to be adequately treated beforehand and repeated pumping work and/or resting phase is needed afterwards. To a certain extent, the improvement of water quality in saline aquifer was verified in this system by injection tests.

수직 라인 관측시스템을 이용한 제주 동부 해안대수층에서 해수침투 모니터링 평가

장호준,하규철,황인욱,김기표,박원배,Jang, Hojune,Ha, Kyoochul,Hwang, Inuk,Kim, Gee-Pyo,Park, Won-Bae 한국지하수토양환경학회 2021 지하수토양환경 Vol.26 No.3

Groundwater monitoring is commonly practiced with real-time sensors placed in several depth spots in aquifer. However, this method only provides monitoring data at the point where the sensors are installed. In this study, we developed a vertical line monitoring system (VLMS) that can provide continuous data of groundwater parameters along the vertical depth. The device was installed in a well located on the coast of the eastern part of Jeju island to monitor electrical conductivity, temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and oxidation-reduction potential over approximately 3 months from September 11 to December 3, 2020. The results indicated that the groundwater levels fluctuated with the tidal change of seawater level, and the upper and lower boundaries of the freshwater and saltwater zone in the groundwater were located at below 16 m and 36 m of mean sea level, respectively. There was a large variation in EC values during the high tide and temperature change was the greatest during flow tide. Although further investigation is needed for improvement of the device to obtain more accurate and reliable data, the device has a potential utility to provide fundamental data to understand the seawater intrusion and transport mechanisms in coastal aquifers.

분포형 물수지 모델(WetSpass-M)을 이용한 삽교천 상류 유역에서의 월별 지하수 함양량 산정

안효원,하규철,An, Hyowon,Ha, Kyoochul 한국지하수토양환경학회 2021 지하수토양환경 Vol.26 No.6

In this study, the annual and monthly groundwater recharge for the Sapgyo-cheon upstream basin in Chungnam Province was evaluated by water balance analysis utilizing WetSpass-M model. The modeling input data such as topography, climate parameters, LAI (Leaf Area Index), land use, and soil characteristics were established using ArcGIS, QGIS, and Python programs. The results showed that the annual average groundwater recharge in 2001 - 2020 was 251 mm, while the monthly groundwater recharge significantly varied over time, fluctuating between 1 and 47 mm. The variation was high in summer, and relatively low in winter. Variation in groundwater recharge was the largest in July in which precipitation was heavily concentrated, and the variation was closely associated with several factors including the total amount of precipitation, the number of days of the precipitation, and the daily average precipitation. This suggests the extent of groundwater recharge is greatly influenced not only by quantity of precipitation but also the precipitation pattern. Since climate condition has a profound effect on the monthly groundwater recharge, evaluation of monthly groundwater recharge need to be carried out by considering both seasonal and regional variability for better groundwater usage and management. In addition, the mathematical tools for groundwater recharge analysis need to be improved for more accurate prediction of groundwater recharge.

SPI와 EDI를 이용한 충남 서부지역 과거와 미래 가뭄 평가

안효원,하규철,An, Hyowon,Ha, Kyoochul 한국지하수토양환경학회 2020 지하수토양환경 Vol.25 No.4

The drought has occurred from the past, and has caused a lot of damage. It is important to analyze the past droughts and predict them in the future. In this study, the temperature and precipitation of the past and the future from climate change RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios were analyzed for Seosan and Boryeong in the western region of Chungnam Province, which is considered as a drought-prone area on the Korean Peninsula. Comparing Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Effective Drought Index (EDI) based on the past droughts, EDI was verified to be more suitable for the drought assessment. According to RCP 4.5, the frequency and intensity of droughts in the early future (2021~2060) were expected to increase and to be stronger. Particularly, severe droughts were predicted for a long time from 2022 to 2026, and from 2032 to 2039. Droughts were expected to decrease in the late future (2061~2100). From RCP 8.5, drought occurrences were predicted to increase, but the intensity of the droughts were expected to decrease in the future. As a result of evaluation of the frequencies of droughts by seasons, the region would be most affected by fall drought in the early future and by spring drought in the late future according to RCP 4.5. In the case of RCP 8.5, the seasonal effects were not clearly distinguished. These results suggest that droughts in the future do not have any tendency, but continue to occurr as in the past. Therefore, the measures and efforts to secure water resources and reinforcement of water supply facilities should be prepared to cope with droughts.

단계양수시험 해석 방법에 따른 우물 및 수리 상수 변동 분석

안효원,하규철,이은희,도병희,An, Hyowon,Ha, Kyoochul,Lee, Eunhee,Do, Byung Hee 한국지하수토양환경학회 2020 지하수토양환경 Vol.25 No.4

Step-drawdown test is one of the widely-used aquifer test methods to evaluate aquifer and well losses. Various approaches have been suggested to estimate well losses using the step-drawdown test data but the uncertainties associated with data interpretation and analysis still exist. In this study, we applied three different step-drawdown test analysis methods -Jacob (1947), Labadie and Helweg (1975), Gupta (1989)- to the step-drawdown test data in Seobu-myeon, Hongseong-gun, South Korea and estimated aquifer and well losses. Comparisons of different step-drawdown test analysis methods revealed that the estimated well losses showed different values depending on the applied methods and these variations are likely to be related to the limitation of the assumptions for each analysis method. Based on the detailed analysis of time-drawdown data, we performed step-drawdown test analysis after removing outlier data during the initial stage of step drawdown test. The results showed that the application of the revised time-drawdown data could substantially decrease the error of the analysis as well as the variations in the estimated well losses from different analysis methods.