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구순구개열 환자의 치아 선천결손 유형과 관련 유전자에 관한 고찰
안효원,백승학 대한구순구개열학회 2007 대한구순구개열학회지 Vol.10 No.2
Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is one of the most prevalent congenital craniofacial anomalies. It has a significantly greater incidence of dental abnormalities in number, size, shape, and eruption of the teeth. Knout-out mouse model can identify several genes which play an important role in tooth agenesis. Since disruption of these genes has been confirmed to result in tooth agenesis in humans, CLP associated with hypodontia may be the best models for isolated tooth agenesis. According to the studies of dental abnormalities in CLP, the severity of dental defect is known to be influenced by the CLP phenotype. The cumulative data obtained from mouse and human genetic studies indicated that MSX1, PAX9 and AXIN2 are considered as candidate genes in non-syndromic hypodontia, while Shh, Pitx2, Irf6, p63 and EDA pathway genes are involved in syndromic one. We expect that genetic approach of CLP can offer the basis for tooth regeneration and be a new target in hypodontia therapy.
고도정수처리 신(新) 공정(PMR)개발 및 처리효율 평가
안효원,노수홍,권오성,박용효,왕창근 한국막학회 2008 멤브레인 Vol.18 No.2
수돗물 공급에 있어서의 미량 유기물질 및 맛냄새 제거의 중요도가 높아짐에 따라 오존, GAC 및 PAC 등 고도 정수처리공정의 도입이 지속적으로 증대되고 있다. 하지만, 원수의 수질악화, 새로운 오염물질의 출현 등에 의해 기존의 고도처리공정이 향후에도 충분한 대안이 된다고 확신하기는 어려운 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 고농도의 분말활성탄을 slurry blanket의 형태로 체류시킨다는 새로운 개념의 접촉조를 구상, 막여과조와 연계하여 하나의 공정으로 완성하였다. 한강원수를 대상으로 80m3/일 규모의 pilot plant를 이용, 유기물질 및 2-MIB, Geosmin에 대한 제거특성을 살펴본 결과 DOC의 경우 운영초기 90% 이상, 안정화된 이후에도 70~80% 내외의 높은 처리효율을 나타내었으며 2-MIB Geosmin의 경우 검출한계 이하로 제거되었다. 본 공정은 1년 이상의 장기간의 고도처리 효율 검증 및 안정된 PAC 접촉조의 운영방안 등 공정 최적화를 위한 추가적인 연구가 필요한 실정이나 기존의 고도처리에 비해 컴팩트하면서 높은 처리효율을 안정적으로 나타냄으로써 맛냄새물질을 비롯한 미량 오염물질을 제거하기 위한 대안공정으로서의 높은 가능성을 확인하였다. Removal of organic substances and taste/odor control are ones of the main issues in water supply, resulting in introduction of advanced processes such as ozon/GAC, or PAC. However, raw water quality deteriorates, new pollutants advent, so water quality is not acceptable enough even with those existing advanced processes. In this paper, a new advanced water treatment process using PAC slurry blanket, where PAC particles stay in the basin as slurry blanket, coupled with submerged membranes is introduced. A pilot plant (80m3/day) was installed to assess the performance of this new process using actual raw water, and DOC was removed higher than 90% in the beginning and 70~80% afterwards, while 2-MIB and geosmin were removed completely. This new process still requires future study on process optimization and long-term assessment, however it seems highly possible to countermeasure as a new advanced process with high removal efficiency.
분포형 물수지 모델(WetSpass-M)을 이용한 삽교천 상류 유역에서의 월별 지하수 함양량 산정
안효원,하규철,An, Hyowon,Ha, Kyoochul 한국지하수토양환경학회 2021 지하수토양환경 Vol.26 No.6
In this study, the annual and monthly groundwater recharge for the Sapgyo-cheon upstream basin in Chungnam Province was evaluated by water balance analysis utilizing WetSpass-M model. The modeling input data such as topography, climate parameters, LAI (Leaf Area Index), land use, and soil characteristics were established using ArcGIS, QGIS, and Python programs. The results showed that the annual average groundwater recharge in 2001 - 2020 was 251 mm, while the monthly groundwater recharge significantly varied over time, fluctuating between 1 and 47 mm. The variation was high in summer, and relatively low in winter. Variation in groundwater recharge was the largest in July in which precipitation was heavily concentrated, and the variation was closely associated with several factors including the total amount of precipitation, the number of days of the precipitation, and the daily average precipitation. This suggests the extent of groundwater recharge is greatly influenced not only by quantity of precipitation but also the precipitation pattern. Since climate condition has a profound effect on the monthly groundwater recharge, evaluation of monthly groundwater recharge need to be carried out by considering both seasonal and regional variability for better groundwater usage and management. In addition, the mathematical tools for groundwater recharge analysis need to be improved for more accurate prediction of groundwater recharge.
SPI와 EDI를 이용한 충남 서부지역 과거와 미래 가뭄 평가
안효원,하규철,An, Hyowon,Ha, Kyoochul 한국지하수토양환경학회 2020 지하수토양환경 Vol.25 No.4
The drought has occurred from the past, and has caused a lot of damage. It is important to analyze the past droughts and predict them in the future. In this study, the temperature and precipitation of the past and the future from climate change RCP 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios were analyzed for Seosan and Boryeong in the western region of Chungnam Province, which is considered as a drought-prone area on the Korean Peninsula. Comparing Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and Effective Drought Index (EDI) based on the past droughts, EDI was verified to be more suitable for the drought assessment. According to RCP 4.5, the frequency and intensity of droughts in the early future (2021~2060) were expected to increase and to be stronger. Particularly, severe droughts were predicted for a long time from 2022 to 2026, and from 2032 to 2039. Droughts were expected to decrease in the late future (2061~2100). From RCP 8.5, drought occurrences were predicted to increase, but the intensity of the droughts were expected to decrease in the future. As a result of evaluation of the frequencies of droughts by seasons, the region would be most affected by fall drought in the early future and by spring drought in the late future according to RCP 4.5. In the case of RCP 8.5, the seasonal effects were not clearly distinguished. These results suggest that droughts in the future do not have any tendency, but continue to occurr as in the past. Therefore, the measures and efforts to secure water resources and reinforcement of water supply facilities should be prepared to cope with droughts.