[특집]바이오 매스 1톤으로 알코올 1,000L 생산에 대한 이론적 고찰

장호남,정권수,최진달래,김우현,Fei Quiang,박권우,공완지,박선원 유기성자원학회 2011 유기물자원화 Vol.19 No.1

매년 지구상에서 새로 생겨나는 바이오매스만 잘 이용하여도 화석연료 에너지의 대체가 가능하다. 본연구는 현재 바이오매스 1톤당 당 공법 (sugar platform)을 이용해 200L ~ 300L에 머물고 있는 에탄올 생산량을, 유기산 공법 (volatile fatty acid platform)을 활용하면 1,000L이상이 됨을 에너지 전자보존 이론을 사용하여 예측하였다. 포도당 1 톤을 사용하여 현재의 당 공법은 511kg (638L); 유기산공법을 이용하면 이의 1.5배인 766.5kg (958.1L)의 에탄올을 얻을 수 있다. 그리고 탄수화물성분이 60%, 지질 15%, 단백질 15%, 리그닌/무기질 10%인 음식물쓰레기를 사용하면 유기산 공법으로 1,134.9L를 얻는다. C3.95H7.4O2.05N0.3으로 표시되는 한국의 음식물쓰레기를 이용한 에탄올 생산량을 제안된 에너지 전자 이론으로 추정하면 1,441.4L이므로 이 이론의 유용성을 잘 증명해주고 있다. 그러므로 에너지 전자 이론은 각종 유기화합물의 에너지함량과 새로운 화합물 합성의 수율 예측에 크게 도움이 될 전망이다. Fossil fuel energy can be fully replaced by utilization of newly generated biomass on the earth each year. This study, using conservation of energy electrons, predicts an ethanol production of more than 1,000L per ton of dry biomass with volatile fatty acids (VFAs) platform rather than the conventional sugar platform that produces 200L ~ 300L ethanol per ton of cellulosic biomass. One ton of glucose can yield 511kg ethanol (638L) with sugar platform while the VFA platform yields 150% of the sugar platform value: 766.5kg, 958.1L of ethanol. A Korean food waste having 60% carbohydrates, 15% lipid, 15% protein and 10% lignin/inorganic will yield 1,134.9L with VFA platform. Another estimation of 1,441.4L ethanol from the Korean food waste with C3.95H7.4O2.05N0.3 molecular formulae confirms its usefulness. The energy electron theory will be useful in predicting a first-hand approximation of energy content of diverse chemical compounds and product yields of many useful compounds.

국내 바이오에너지 개발과 원료수급 방안; 2SB-7 : 국내 바이오알콜의 개발 현황과 전망

엄문호,신용안,최진달래,이상현 한국공업화학회 2014 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2014 No.0

[특집]유기성 폐자원을 이용한 생물연료 및 화학제품 생산

장호남,김낙종,강종원,최진달래,박권우,공완지 유기성자원학회 2010 유기물자원화 Vol.18 No.2

오늘날 우리가 편리하게 사용하고 있는 화석자원(fossil fuel)은 향후 40~200년 정도 밖에 견딜 수 없어 대안으로 태양에너지를 저장하는 배터리 역할을 하는 풍부한 바이오매스를 눈 여겨 볼 필요가 있다. 우리는 바이오매스에서 지구가 오랜 시간에 걸쳐 만들어 우리에게 제공했던 화석연료를 신가스, 당발효, 혹은 유기산 휘발산 공법 등의 현대의 기술로 대신할 수 있게 되었다. 현재 우리가 사용하고 있는 화석연료를 경제적으로 대체하기 위해서는 공급가격과 공급구조가 좋은 유기성 폐기물로 생물연료와 화학제품을 만드는 노력을 해야 한다. 특히 원료의 다양성, 제법 등에서 우수한 경쟁력이 예상하는 유기산 휘발성 공법에 노력을 할 필요가 있다. The current fossil fuel resources may last only for 50~200 years. As an alternative to this shortage of fossil fuel we can take a look at enormous amount of biomass generated by ever increasing solar energy. In order to challenge this difficulty economically we can focus on the use of organic waste biomass that has a lower or even negative price structure and good supply system. There are several platforms of utilizing biomass to energy and chemical sources: syngas, sugar and volatile fatty acid platforms (VFA). The VFA platform is quite new in terms of fuel and chemicals production although volatile fatty acids are produced in the anaerobic digestion process to methane forming process of biomass. Also VFA platform utilizes more diverse raw materials and gives higher yields than other platforms although it is a slow process, which we can focus attention on.

Economic Evaluation of Off-gas Recycle Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) in Industrial Scale Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Fermentation

장호남,김문일,Qiang Fei,최진달래,Longan Shang,Nag-Jong Kim,Jung Ae Kim,박현규 한국생물공학회 2010 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.15 No.6

The use of high purity oxygen as a feeding gas in microbial fermentation has recent gained huge attention in industrial scale process due to its advantageous effect to increase viable cell density as well as target metabolite productivity. However, usage of highly pure oxygen is currently too expensive for industrialization. To overcome this limitation, off-gas recycle pressure swing adsorption (PSA) was employed which assist in continuous production of high purity oxygen during fermentation process. The off-gas from fermentation process contained about 70~ 80% oxygen which was re-utilized as the input gas in PSA, whereas conventional PSA process utilized air with 21% oxygen content. This difference in the oxygen content of the input gas decreased the size of PSA, resulting in reduction of equipment costs. Using the characteristics of off-gas recycle PSA, we analyzed and compared the economic feasibility of a highly pure oxygen supplying strategy for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)(PHB) by Ralstonia eutropha based on previously reported data, using both air and highly pure oxygen. To achieve annual production of 3,630 tonnes of PHB the aforementioned method was adopted, by doing so the production cost of PHB was significantly reduced to 4.2 $/kg. While,the conventional process (utilizing air as the feeding gas)resulted in the highest cost (5.9 $/kg). The low cost of offgas recycle PSA was due to reduction of fixed capital cost,which was about 3 times lower than that of the conventional fermentation process. Therefore, the production cost of fermentation was considerably decreased by using a highly pure oxygen supplying strategy based on off-gas recycle PSA.

목질계 바이오부탄올 개발 현황

엄문호,임종구,유미정,최진달래,박혜린,신용안 한국에너지학회 2017 한국에너지공학회 학술발표회 Vol.2017 No.9

디스포저(부엌용 오물분쇄기)-배수 전처리 방식 별 수질기준

장호남,정창문,강종원,최진달래,박영숙,구자공 유기성자원학회 2011 유기물자원화 Vol.19 No.2

수분함량이 많은 음식물 쓰레기의 특성상 아파트에서는 디스포저를 사용하여서 음식물 쓰레기를 처리하여야한다. 쾌적한 아파트 생활을 위해 배수전처리시설을 설치하여 집단적으로 잉여 오염물을 경제적으로 처리하되, 지나친 BOD 제거 기준 등은 도시하수 종말치리장에서 질소·인의 처리에 지장이 없도록 BOD/N의 비율을 5이상으로 유지하여야 한다. 배수전처리시설의 관리 및 규제는 배관방식에 따라 다양한 방법이 개발될 수 있으며 BOD/N을 동시에 전처리시설에서 함께 처리하는 것은 win-win 전략이라고 할 수 있다. 스크린 혹은 침전 방식에 의하여 분리된 입자는 메탄발효로 바이오가스를 발생시켜 혐기조보온용으로 사용하거나 혹은 탈질용 휘발성유기산(volatile fatty acids, VFAs)으로 만들어 탈질용 electron donor로 활용하는 것이 타당하다. 정부는 서울시 시범사업과 같은 사업을 약 5년간 기한을 정하여 디스포저 음식물쓰레기 기술개발업체와 아파트 건설업체가 공동으로 기술개발/활용하도록 한다. Use of disposer at the kitchens of Korean apartments is inevitable in treating their foodwaste having a water content of more than 80%. Also we have to ensure that this extra disposer-foodwaste BOD loadings be treated properly by installing/operating a pre-treatment system before this wastewater enters public sewer system. However, the degree of BOD removal should not be excessive since a BOD/N ratio higher than 5 is required for removing N/P at a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The removal of BOD/N in the pretreatment system rather than BOD alone can be an alternative solution in solving this problem. The particles separated by sedimentation, screen or packed-bed can be anaerobically digested at apartment sites to generate biogas that can be used for simple digester heating and to generate volatile fatty acids (VFAs) for nitrogen removal. We suggest that Korean government grants a temporary license (say for 5 years) to foodwaste treatment companies in collaboration with apartment construction companies which may do business and develop various kinds of disposer-foodwaste treatment systems in diverse wastewater discharge systems of Korean apartments.

GS칼텍스 바이오부탄올 기술개발 및 향후 전망

엄문호(Moon-Ho Eom),이상현(Sang-Hyun Lee),최진달래(Jin-Dal-Rae Choi),장명오(Myung-Oh Jang),신용안(Yong-An Shin) 한국신재생에너지학회 2015 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.6

Clostridium acetobutylicum의 대사망의 동적모델 개발

박선원 ( Sun Won Park ),김우현 ( Woo Hyun Kim ),엄문호 ( Moon Ho Eom ),이상현 ( Sang Hyun Lee ),최진달래 ( Jin Dal Rae Choi ) 한국화학공학회 2013 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.51 No.2

To produce biobutanol, fermentation processes using clostridia that mainly produce acetone, butanol and ethanol are used. In this work, a dynamic model describing the metabolic reactions in an acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE)-producing clostridium, Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC824, was proposed. To estimate the 58 kinetic parameters of the metabolic network model with experimental data obtained from a batch fermentor, we used an efficient optimization method combining a genetic algorithm and the Levenberg-Marquardt method because of the complexity of the metabolism of the clostridium. For the verification of the determined parameters, the developed metabolic model was evaluated by experiments where genetically modified clostridium was used and the initial concentration of glucose was changed. Consequently, we found that the developed kinetic model for the metabolic network was considered to describe the dynamic metabolic state of the clostridium sufficiently. Thus, this dynamic model for the metabolic reactions will contribute to designing the clostridium as well as the fermentor for higher productivity.