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최용환(Choi Yonghwan) 경기연구원 2006 경기논단 Vol.8 No.4
This article examines how the US global & security strategies have changed in the post-Cold War era. The ultimate goal of US’s statecraft, the expansion of freedom, democracy and human dignity, is nonnegotiable. To protect their Nation and values, The United States seeks to extend freedom across the globe by leading an international effort to end tyranny and to promote effective democracy. Americans believe that all tyrannies threaten the world peace, and some tyrannies, in their pursuit of WMD or sponsorship of terrorism, threaten their immediate security interests as well. From the American perspective, North Korea is the typical tyranny and WMD related country. The North Korean nuclear test on October 9, 2006 is inevitable evidence of WMD development. For that reason, US wants regime change or regime transformation of North Korea. In fact US has various policy options toward North Korea. Firstly, there are several international regime against WMD proliferation, for example Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty, Missile Technology Control Regime, Wassenaar Arrangement, Nuclear Suppliers Group and Australia Group ets. Secondly United States itself has retained many regulation acts to restrict trade with North Korea. US policymakers have prepared ‘tailored containment’ against North Korea thorough all kinds of tools above. After the North Korean nuclear test, optimism is harder to maintain. It is crucial to see the big picture and take the long view.
최용환(CHOI Yonghwan) 신아시아연구소 2010 신아세아 Vol.17 No.4
분단 이후 남북한은 수많은 통일 방안을 제시하였다. 한국 정부가 제시한 통일 방안은 기본적으로 기능주의적 접근에 기반하고 있다는 점에서 공통점도 가지고 있다. 하지만 최근의 논의는 강압과 포용을 둘러싼 남남갈등으로 이어지고 있다. 따라서 이 글은 통일과 관련된 다양한 과제를 검토하여, 다층.복합적인 접근 방법을 제안한다. 핵문제를 포함한 북한의 군사적 위협이 심각한 것은 사실이지만, 통일과 관련해서는 북한체제의 정상화도 매우 중요한 과제라고 할 수 있다. 즉, 북한 체제의 변화(정상화) 없이 평화적 통일은 불가능하다. 따라서 북한의 위협에 대한 대처와 함께 북한 체제의 변화와 관련된 정책이 마련되어야 한다. 또한21세기 한국의 미래 발전과 관련하여 북한과의 협력 방안에 대한 관심이 요구됨과 동시에 북한체제의 급작스런 붕괴의 충격에 대한 대비도 필요하다. 따라서 기본적으로는 북한 체제의 연착륙과 남북통합을 위한 과제에 집중하면서, 북한의 위협을 관리하고, 급작스런 변화로 인한 위험요인에 대한 대비가 동시에 이루어져야 할 것이다. ROK aims for the change of North Korea to become a normal state in international society and, ultimately, the peaceful unification of the Korean peninsula. However, ROK's North Korean policy has been circling between the enforcement and the engagement, depending on the governing party. There has been no middle ground for dealing with North Korea. Based on all these observations and analysis, this research suggests "Multi Dimensional Engagement toward North Korea"as a way of changing North Korea. The essence of this approach is that ROK should try to engage North Korea in a more multi-dimensional and complicated way. It means that ROK should pursue all together recovery and build up of North Korean economy, humanitarian assistance, North Korean version of Perestroika and Glasnost, social integration of North and South Koreans, management of ideological conflicts within ROK and its citizens while continuously making efforts in solving political and military issues with North Korea. North Korean nuclear programs are a real threat to ROK and other countries. However, the change of North Korea will lead to the peaceful solution of these nuclear threats. The multi dimensional engagement would contribute to the change of North Korea.
간장및 담도 : B형 간염 바이러스에 의한 만성활동성 간염 환자에서 알파 인터페론의 치료 효과
최용환(Yong Hwan Choi),김성록(Sung Rok Kim),곽규식(Kyu Sik Kwak),박재용(Jae Yong Park),김은영(Eun Young Kim),정준모(Jun Mo Chung),탁원영(Won Young Tak) 대한소화기학회 1990 대한소화기학회지 Vol.22 No.2
N/A This study was designed to estimate the efficacy and safety of IFN-alpha in type B chronic active hepatitis patients. Thirty two cases were subcutaneously injected with IFN-alpha daily 3,000,000 units, three time a week for 12 weeks. The drug was administered while the patients were in the hospital for the first week, who were followed up after discharge once every month for four months. The follow-up continued for a maximum of 14 months depending on the conditions of the cases (mean +- SD: 7.3 +- 5.0 months). Twenty five cases, as a control group, were not treated with IFN-alpha and observed for 3 to 18 months (mean +- SD: 7.6 +- 3.4 months). The results were as follows. In the patients treated with IFN-alpha, disappearance of HBe antigen was observed in 9 of the 32 cases (28.1%), and anti-HBe appeared in 8 of 9 cases (8/32:25.0%). In the control group, disappearance of HBe antigen showed in 4 of 25 cases (16.0%). Of the 4 cases, one showed anti-HBe (1/25:4.0%). No significant difference of disappearance of HBe antigen between the two groups. Signifirant difference, however, was noted in the appearance of anti-HBe. Follow-up was made on serum HBV-DNA titer in 15 cases injected with IFN-alpha. The levels were lowest between two to three months in 12 cases, and in four months of the follow-up in one case. Five cases converted to negative, in all 5 cases HBe antigen disappeared. The seronegative ratio of the two groups showed no significant difference in family history of type B hepatitis, age, sex, histologic finding, initial HBV-DNA titer and aminotransferase level. The serum transferase level in the group with IFN-alpha treatment made a remarkable decrease after 4 weeks of treatmen. In control group, aminotransferase decreased but not significantly during follow-up. All patients treated with IFN-alpha complained of fever, myalgia and other minor side effects not serious as to require treatment. Thus this findings suggest that treatment of type B chronic active heaptitis patients with IFN-alpha 3,000,000 units daily, three times a week for 12 weeks appears to be a safe and relatively effective way.