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차재은(JaeEun CHA),이제경(JeKyoung LEE),정흥준(HeungJune JUNG) 대한기계학회 2015 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2015 No.11
The supercritical CO₂ Brayton cycle power generation system has been developed as a promising alternative to the present steam Rankine cycle. The principal advantage of the S-CO₂ gas is a good efficiency at a modest temperature range, a compact size of its components, and a compatibility with various heat sources. KAER has developed a Supercritical CO₂ Brayton Cycle Integral Experiment Loop(SCIEL) with 1MWt heat input to develop the basic technologies for the Supercritical CO₂ turbomachinery and compact heat exchanger design and operation technology since 2012 Sping. KAERI finished the installation of 2nd stage of SCIEL loop, the low compression ratio loop, recently. KAERI succeeded in generating the turbine electric power in the SCIEL Loop.
17-19세기 여성의 지칭어 변화-『단성호적대장』을 중심으로-
권내현 ( Naehyun Kwon ),차재은 ( Jaeeun Cha ) 고려대학교 민족문화연구원 2013 民族文化硏究 Vol.61 No.-
이 논문은 『단성호적대장』을 통해 17~19세기 기혼 여성의 지칭어 변화를 살펴 본 것이다. 조선시대 기혼 여성은 최하층 노비가 아니라면 자신의 이름을 공식적으로 드러내거나 사용하지 않았다. 노비가 아닌 기혼 여성은 사회적 지위에 따라 씨, 성, 소사로 지칭이 나뉘어져 있었다. 여성들의 지칭은 일차적으로 남편의 직 역, 남편이 없는 경우에는 주호의 직역에 영향을 받았다. 따라서 남성들이 자신들 의 직역을 보다 상위의 것으로 바꾸기 위해 노력하는 과정에서 여성의 지칭 역시 변동하고 있었다. 그러한 변동은 18세기 후반에서 19세기 전반에 가장 활발하게 이루어졌고 그 방향은 상승이나 하강 혹은 하강 뒤 재상승이라는 다양한 움직임을 보였다. 그과정에서 여성의 지칭은 때로는 남성의 직역과 상호 조응하지 않은 채 남성 직역이 가지는 사회적 위상을 넘어서는 경우도 있었다. 19세기 후반 에서 말 사이에는 호적에 등재된 남성의 상당수가 유학 직역을 사용했던 것처럼 여성의 지칭 역시 씨로 수렴되면서 남성 직역과 여성 지칭어 사이의 부조응도 거의 해소되었다. 이러한 현상은 호적 제도의 변화나 부세 운영상의 특징이 반영된 것임에는 틀림없지만 개인이나 가계, 또는 촌락 구성원의 사회적 지위 상승을 위 한 노력이나 염원이 투영된 것이기도 하였다. Pre-modern Korean society was marked by frustrated mobility in class and social position and rigid gender divisions. In this society there arose differentiated social forms of address based on social position and gender. This distinction was most prominently visible through the formal terms of address applied to married women. First names were used only in the private domain by women of pre-modern Korea (Joseon), and those of married women were not generally expressed in public. Among women who were not servants, members of the upper class had the designation ‘ssi’ (氏) affixed to their family names, while women of commoner status were referred to simply as ‘sosa’ (召史), a particular form of address with social class implications. Beginning in the mid 18th century there was an increase in the utilization of the ‘seong’ (姓), a term of address that was almost never used before that time. This represented a newly formed term of address for the middle classes. The most active period of changes in female terms of address was during the second half of the 18th century and the first half of the 19th century. At this time changes in female terms of address was dynamic, but this did not necessarily involve upward movement. The same women often experienced downward mobility in terms of address, as well. This process was accompanied by quite chaotic fluctuation, as terms of address repeatedly ascended, descended, and re-ascended. In one way, this can be understood as a process in which men would first elevate a woman`s term of address before changing their own occupation in the registry. Women`s upward mobility was influenced rather by the husband or the patrilineal head of household to which the wife belonged. At times, through a process in which all members of a lineage would attempt an improvement of their collective class position, a woman`s term of address would even surpass the social position of her husband. Men endeavored to improve the social status of themselves and their families based on their improved socio-economic fortunes. This was achieved through a personal dimension, as well as through the efforts of a family lineage, but the more effective method may have been a collective effort through the magnified influence of a great number of kin and relatives in a single village. Through this processes, during the closing decades of the 19th century-at least among those reported in the census registry-the majority of upper class men recorded with the designation ‘yuhak’ (幼學), while a majority of women held the designation ssi. Also during this period, the lack of congruence between men`s occupations and women`s terms of address diminished greatly. At least, through women`s name designations, the desire of the lower classes for social mobility became a reality.
학령전기 일반아동의 발화유형과 발화 종결기능 어미 사용 특성
김정미(Jung-Mee Kim),윤미선(Mi-Sun Yoon),김수진(Soo-Jin Kim),장문수(Moon-Soo Chang),차재은(Jaeeun Cha) 한국언어청각임상학회 2012 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.17 No.3
배경 및 연구목적: 구어는 문어와 달리 불완전한 구조를 갖고 있다. 언어병리학에서 구어에 기초한 연구들은 구어의 이러한 특성에 대한 고려가 다소 부족하였다. 본 연구에서는 일반아동의자발화에 나타난 발화유형과 발화종결기능 어미들을 살펴봄으로써 아동구어의 특성을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구방법: 2세~5세 아동 16명에게서 수집한 자발화를 바탕으로 김수진ㆍ차재은ㆍ오재혁(2011)의 발화유형 분류체계에 근거하여 종결어미발화, 연결어미발화, 조각발화 및 미완결발화로 분류하고 다시 어순에 따라 정상발화와 도치발화로 나누었다. 연구결과: 분석결과, 발화유형과 발화종결 기능 어미는 연령별로 다르게 나타났다. 2세 아동들은 조각발화의 비율이 가장 높았으며, 3, 4, 5세 아동은 종결어미 발화의 비율이 가장 높았다. 또한 4세와 5세 아동들은 종결어미발화, 조각발화, 연결어미발화 및 미완결 발화의 순으로 나타나 성인의 발화유형과 비슷한 양상을 보였다. 발화 종결에 사용한 어미들을 살펴본 결과, 연령이 높아질수록 다양한 유형의 종결어미와 연결어미를 사용하는 것으로 나타났다. 논의 및 결론: 아동들이 산출한 발화유형과 종결기능 어미분석을 통해 구어의 특성을 살펴볼 수 있었으며, 연령에 따라 다르게 나타난 발화유형의 비율에는 아동들의 문법능력이 반영되어 있었다. 아동 자발화에 나타나는 이러한 구어적 특성들은 언어평가와 중재에 고려되어야 할 것이다. Background & Objectives: Spoken language has incomplete structures, and prior studies in communication disorders have been lacking in this area. The present study analyzed the types of utterances and examined utterance final functioning endings of typically developing 2- to 5-year-old children. Methods: Sixteen typically developing children participated in this study. The utterances were recorded in everyday interactional contexts. A total of 3,200 utterances were transcribed and analyzed according to utterance final intonation, final ending, completion for grammar and word order. Results: Results showed the fragment utterances comprised the largest proportion in 2-year-old children and utterance type with sentence final ending comprised the largest proportion in other ages. In addition, the types of endings were increased according to the age increase. Discussion & Conclusion: The results from this study were compared with adults’ utterance types and discussed in a language developmental perspective.
국어정보학의 응용 방안 : 한국어 교육과 국어 교육을 중심으로
차재은 국제한국어교육학회 2003 한국어 교육 Vol.14 No.2
The purpose of this paper is to present the outputs of Korean Language and information and show the possibility of its application in Korean Language Education and Teaching. This paper shows that the literary corpora and frequency data are useful for teaching the correlation between a language and a culture, and the speech corpora are useful for learning the pronunciation of Korean. The literary corpora and frequency data are enough to be used in online education of Korean vocabulary, while the speech copora are not enough. So it is necessary to build the ballenced speech corpora and the standard speech corpora for Korean Language Education.