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AD/CVD 이중부과조치에 관한 미,중 WTO분쟁사례 연구
차경자 ( Kyung Ja Cha ),최성일 ( Sung Il Choi ) 한국경제통상학회 2012 경제연구 Vol.30 No.4
본 연구는 2008년 중국이 미국의 반덤핑 및 상계관세조치에 대해 WTO DSB에 제소한 사례를 분석대상으로 하고 있다. 2010년 10월 20일 채택된 패널의 최종보고서에서는 중국의 요청 중 4건에 대해 지지판정이 내려졌다. 중국은 이에 불복하여 2010년 12월 1일 DSB 상소기구에 공공기관, 보조금의 특정성, 보조금으로 인한 이익의 계산과 중복구제 등의 판정내용에 대해 상소를 제기하였다. DSB 상소기구는 공공기관과 이중구제에 대한 중국의 주장을 지지하여 패널판정을 번복하였다. The WTO Appellate Body recently issued a decision finding the United States` concurrent imposition of antidumping and countervailing duties on various Chinese products to be inconsistent with WTO rules. The decision reversed a lower panel ruling which had rejected China`s complaint as having no support in the text of the relevant WTO agreements. At issues were China`s claims on the determination of public body, the specificity of subsidies, calculation of subsidy benefits and doble remedies. Among them, claims on public body and double remedies were uphold by the Appellate Body. The case marks a victory for China, and will bolster China`s attempts to fend off AD/CVD duties imposed on its exports.
EAV 측정치(測定値)의 표준화(標準化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (성별(性別), 연령별(年齡別), 체질별(體質別))
차철주,이상룡,이의주,홍석철,김종원,고병희,송일병,Cha, Chul Ju,Lee, Sang-Ryong,Lee, Ui-Ju,Hong, Seok-Cheol,Kim, Jong-Won,Go, Byeong-Hui,Song, Il-Byeong 사상체질의학회 1996 사상체질의학회지 Vol.8 No.2
1. Result As the study for standardization of EAV's measurement values according to constitution and sex and age, the questionnaire on QSCC and QSCC(I) and EAV were carried out to 603 general patients in east : west promotion health center affiliated to Kyung Hee Medical center. The following conclusions were reached as the result of statistical handling of the data of questionnaire and EAV. 1) Each standard scope of BAZ and CMP was suggested. 2) BAZ and CMP examined about constitution did not show any statistical difference. 3) The result of examination by sex on BAZ and CMP is such as followings. A meaningful difference was showed at the level of p<0.001 in HH, HEL, HFR, and FF in case of male on BAZ. meaningful difference were showed at the level of p<0.001 in R3, R4, R18, L3, L16 and L18 and at the level of P<0.01 In R5, R8, R12, L7, L9, L10, L11, and L13 and at the level of P<0.05 in R1, R2, R6, R11, R13, R14, R16, R17, R19, R20, L1, L2, L4, L5, L14, L17, and L19 in case of male on CMP. There was no statistical difference in R7, R9, R10, R15, L12, and L15. 4) In every measure point of both BAZ and CMP a meaningful difference was notified at the level of P<0.01 by age. 2. Suggestion 1)Environmental, examinee and examiner's factors which may cause error in EAV measurement should be excluded. 2)The factor of change by time and space should be clarified. 3)The correlation between disease and meridian should be learned. And scopes of BAZ and CMP according to disease should be studied.
동해에 서식하는 대게류(Chionoecetes spp.)의 재생산 및 분포 특성
차형기 ( Hyung Kee Cha ),양재형 ( Jae Hyeong Yang ),이성일 ( Sung Il Lee ),윤상철 ( Sang Chul Yoon ) 한국수산과학회 2014 한국수산과학회지 Vol.47 No.5
Two Chionoecetes crabs, C. opilio and C. japonicus are primary targets of trap fisheries in the East Sea. To promote the sustainable management of these species, we investigated their reproductive biology and spatial distribution based on samples collected in standardized traps in the coastal waters of eastern Korea from September 2007 to August 2008. The estimated spawning season of C. opilio was March- April, whereas that of C. japonicus continued year-round. The estimated molting period of both species was September- October. Fecundity of C. opilio was pro-portional to female, size, ranging from 44,791 to 151,538 eggs, and the estimated body size at 50% sexual maturity was 63.9 mm carapace width. Egg bearing female C. opilio were mostly collected depths of 200-300 m, particularly off Hupo and Chuksan, suggesting that these areas are their major spawning grounds. In contrast, female C. japonicus were mostly collected at depths of 400-600 m, peaking at 600 m. The species-specific catch rate was higher for C. opilio above 400 m, similar at ca. 450 m, and higher for C. japonicus below 500 m. These vertical differences indi-cate apparent spatial segregation of the species, suggesting that spatially-explicit fisheries management plans may be necessary for mitigating conflicts between the respective crab fisheries and maintaining these crabs.
1㎾급 개질기용 예혼합 Swirl 버너의 화염안정성 분석
차천륜(Chun Loon Cha),홍성원(Seong Weon Hong),조순혜(Soon Hye Jo),이필형(Pil Hyong Lee),박봉일(Bong Il Park),황상순(Sang Soon Hwang),양시원(Si Won Yang) 한국연소학회 2011 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.42
Fuel processing systems which convert fuel into rich gas need high temperature environment(600-1000℃). Generally, anode-off gas or mixture of anode-off gas and natural gas is used as input gas of fuel reformer. The purpose of this study is to develop a premixed swirl burner that can be used for 0.5-1.5㎾ fuel cell reformer. Premixed swirl burner experiments using natural gas and mixture of natural gas & anode off gas were carried out respectively to investigate the flame characteristics by heating capacity and equivalence ratio. The results show that the flame length is getting shorter with increasing the hydrogen content and flame stability region is confirmed in the experiment at equivalence ratio. Carbon monoxide emission is under 50ppm between 0.65 and 0.85 of equivalence ratio and NOx emission is below 50ppm in the all range.
비계상에 배양된 골수기질세포에서 혈관내피세포로의 분화 시 혈관 내피 성장인자의 효과에 관한 투과전자현미경 및 면역조직화학적 연구
차상훈 ( Sang Hoon Cha ),조일준 ( Il Joon Cho ),김병옥 ( Byung Ock Kim ),김흥중 ( Heung Joong Kim ),구하라 ( Ha Ra Ku ),김동기 ( Dong Kie Kim ),장현선 ( Hyun Seon Jang ) 한국조직공학·재생의학회 2009 조직공학과 재생의학 Vol.6 No.4
The angiogenesis is essential to most human life process including tissue development, regeneration, and repair. A variety of growth factors that promote the angiogenesis have been identified, and among these factors, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) shows enhance the vascularization of engineered tissue. In this study, we evaluated the potential of VEGF and bone marrow stromal cell(BMSC) to modulate the growth and differentiation activites of blood vessel precursors, endothelial cells(ECs) on absorbable collagen membrane. The dog bone marrow stromal cells(dBMSCs) were obtained from mongreldog. The dBMSCs were cultured in a medium containing Dulbecco`s modified Eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 100 ug/mL 1 X Antibiotics with absorbable collagen scaffold(Bio Guide(R)Perio, Geistlich, Swiss) at 37oC ?in humidified air with 5% CO2. Human endothelial growth factor(hVEGF) was applied. We evaluated the angiogenesis on absorbable collagen scaffold by Immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscope(TEM). The addition of hVEGF enhanced angiogenesis on absorbable collagen scaffold. And hVEGF was added to dBMSC absorble collagen cultures, organization of endothelial like cells. The dBMSCs and hVEGF can enhance the growth and differentiation of endothelial cells in an in vitro model of angiogenesis. the VEGF is necessary for dBMSC CM to enhance EC survival and differentiation.
차상은,윤종국,이상일,Cha, Sang-Eun,Yoon, Chong-Guk,Lee, Sang-Il 한국독성학회 1998 Toxicological Research Vol.14 No.3
This study was performed to evaluate the effect of liver damage on toluene metabolism in rats pretreated with carbon tetachloride. Liver damage in rats was induced by administration of 0.1ml of carbon tetrachloride per 100g of body wight intraperitoneally every day for four weeks except the last day before sacrifice. One day before sacrifice, toluene was administered to the animals instead of carbon tetrachloride. Rats were sacrificed at the 1st, the 2nd, the 3rd and the 4th week after the first administration of carbon tetachloride. Based on the histopathological findings, liver weight and serum alanine aminotransferase, the $CCl_4$-preteated group was found to have gradual severe liver damage. Especially the degree of liver injury became increasingly severe throughout the whole course of the experiment. The contnts of hippuric acid in urine lower in the all groups pretreated with $CCl_4$than that of the control. The contents of hepatic cytochrome P450(CYP), benzylalcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activities were decreased in $CCl_4$-pretreated rats than those of the control. The $CCl_4$treated animals showed the gradual decreased activities of these enzyme as injection times elapsed. Km values of the benzylalcohol dehydrogenase in pooled liver samples from $CCl_4$-pretreated or control groups were similar. On the other hand, Vmax values of the $CCl_4$-pretreated group was lower than of the control. Therefore, it can be concluded that reduction of the toluene metabolism in damaged rat liver induced with $CCl_4$was due to the inhibition of CYP content, bezylalcohol and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase activities which related with toluene metabolic enzyme system.