식물성 단백질사료의 병아리에서의 생물학적 이용성에 관한 연구

지규만,조진환,강면희 ( Kew Mahn Chee,Jin Hwan Jo,Myun Hee Kang ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Biological availability of proteins in oil seed meals such as soybean meal, rapeseed meal and perilla meal and in casein was evaluated in young growing chicks. One week of age, S.C.W. Leghorn male chicks were fed diets added with each source of protein singly up to a level of 13% protein for 10 days. Among chicks fed diets containing soybean meals from three different domestic processors, no significant differences were observed in feed intake, body weight gain, feed efficiency, NPU, PER or NPR values. Nitrogen availability of the meal imported from Brazil appeared inferior, without significance, to that of the meals domestically processed of which raw materials were originated from the U.S, Birds allowed diets containing domestically processed rapeseed meal whose raw material was from Canada, consumed 23% more and showed better feed efficiency as well as better PER value than those fed the meal imported from Pakistan (p $lt; 0.05). Perilla meal tended to lower feed efficiency and nitrogen availability compared to the other meals. Diets containing casein resulted in vary poor feed efficiency, weight gain and nitrogen availability compared to those of the diets containing soybean meal (p $lt; 0.05). It could be a reflection of the seriousness of lysine-arginine antagonism of the casein protein in young chicks. NPU values of the soybean meal, rapeseed meal, perilla meal and casein were in the ranges of 55-67, 57-58, 52 and 32%, respectively.

대두단백질 및 카제인 섭취가 병아리의 혈액 Cholesterol 함량에 미치는 영향 비교

지규만(Kew Mahn Chee),김영미(Young Mee Kim),전지영(Jee Young Juhn),최인숙(In Sook Choi),오미향(Mi-Hyang Oh) 韓國家禽學會 2010 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.37 No.1

대두단백질(ISP)이 혈액 콜레스테롤 농도에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위하여, 카제인, 어분, 쌀단백질, 옥수수 단백질(글루텐 밀) 등과 함께 이들을 각각 함유한 반정제(semi-purified) 사료를 2주간 병아리에게 급여하였다. 병아리는 쥐에 비해 혈액 콜레스테롤에 예민하게 반응하며, 인체의 지질 실험 모델로 더 적합한 동물이다. 각 단백질 사료 마다 NRC 요구량을 기준하여 부족한 필수아미노산(lysine, arginine 등)을 첨가하였다. 모든 실험 사료는 강제 급이 방식으로 1일 3회 급여하여 아미노산을 제외한 모든 영양소의 섭취량을 동일하게 하였다. 실험 2에서는 모든 사료에 콜레스테롤을 0.3% 수준으로 첨가하여 급여하였다. 카제인군의 병아리 증체량이 두 실험 모두 가장 저조하였고(P<0.05), 대두단백질과 어분군의 성장률이 가장 좋았다. 카제인군은 실험 1, 2에서 혈액 총콜레스테롤, non-HDL 콜레스테롤, TG 함량이 유의하게 가장 높았고, 대두단백질 군은 다른 단백질군(쌀 · 옥수수단백질, 어분)과 대체로 비슷한 수준을 보였다. 어분군은 실험 2에서 혈액 콜레스테롤이 대두 · 쌀 · 옥수수단백질군 보다 유의하게 더 높았다. 카제인군은 간 중량이 두 실험 모두 가장 무거웠고 간의 콜레스테롤 및 총지질 함량 도 가장 많았다. 반면에 어분군은 콜레스테롤 함량을 제외하고 대두 · 쌀 · 옥수수단백질 군과 같은 수준을 보였다. 카제인군에서 나타난 고콜레스테롤혈증(hypercholesterolemia)은 전형적인 Lys- Arg 길항 작용에 의한 결과이며, 카제인을 섭취한 대부분의 동물에서 나타나는 현상이다. 반면에 대두단백질과 쌀단백질, 옥수수단백질 및 어분군의 혈중 콜레스테롤 함량이 비슷하게 나타나는 것은 사료 Lys/Arg 비율이 카제인만큼 심하게 높지 않기 때문이라고 생각된다. 결론적으로 대두단백질군의 저콜레스테롤 혈증(hypocholesterolemia)은 카제인에 비교할 때만 나타나는 상대적인 현상으로, 대두단백질 자체가 혈중 콜레스테롤을 저하시킬 수 있는 독자적인 기능을 갖고 있지 않다고 판단된다. Hypocholesterolemic effect of soy protein was examined in comparison with casein and three other dietary protein sources in chicks. In two feeding trials, 40 (Expt.1) or 50 (Expt. 2), three-day-old, male chicks were forced-fed each of five semi-purified-type diets containing isolated soy protein (ISP, cp 82%), casein (cp 92%), rice protein (RP, cp 70%), corn gluten meal (CGM, cp 65%) or fish meal (FM, cp 70%) for two weeks. The diets for Expt. 2 were supplemented with 0.3% cholesterol by replacing glucose. Each protein source was the only source of protein of each diet. Essential amino acids were added to the diets to satisfy their requirements according to NRC. The diets were forced-fed to equalize the intake of all nutrients except the amino acids which were inherently variable in the diets. Chicks fed casein showed lower body weight gain than those fed the other proteins in both experiments. Birds fed ISP and FM gained better body weight than the others. Chicks fed casein showed significantly higher levels of plasma total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) than those fed ISP and the other protein sources. Meanwhile, the chicks fed ISP, RP, CGM and FM showed comparable levels of plasma total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and TG. In Expt. 2, the birds fed casein and FM showed markedly elevated plasma total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels. Liver weight and levels of total lipids and cholesterol of chicks fed casein appeared significantly higher than those of the other protein diets, whereas those of the chicks fed ISP, RP, CGM and FM appeared comparable except cholesterol in FM group. In conclusion, only the chicks fed casein diets in both experiments always showed significantly higher levels of plasma cholesterol and TG compared to those fed ISP and the other protein sources. These results support the views that casein, which has unique lysine-arginine ratio, is inherently hyper-cholesterolemic, and ISP is hypocholesterolemic only when compared to casein.

병아리 사료에서 일반대사에너지와 순대사에너지의 이론적 정확성 비교를 위한 실험

지규만(Chee Kew-Mahn),박종호(Park Chong-Ho) 韓國營養學會 1992 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.25 No.7

Perspective on Modifying Fatty Acid Composition and Cholesterol Content of Eggs

지규만(Kew-Mahn Chee) 한국가금학회 2003 한국가금학회 심포지움 Vol.- No.-

어미 쥐의 ω3계 및 ω6계 지방산 식이가 제2세대 쥐의 뇌조직 지방산 성분에 미치는 영향

김미경(Kim Mi-Kyung),지규만(Chee Kew-Mahn),이양자(Lee Yang Cha) 韓國營養學會 1993 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.26 No.6

대학생의 1일 신체활동형태, 에너지소비량 및 신체활동수준(PAL) 실태

백승희(Baek, Seung-Hui),이명숙(Lee, Myoungsook),지규만(Chee, Kew-Mahn) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.3

The study aims to identify the physical activity status and energy consumption of college students by conducting a 24-hour time-use survey. A total of 388 students(219 males, 169 females) at K University in Seoul were involved, and the study was conducted for 24 hours over two days. Physical activities were classified based on the classification of activities announced in 2019, and the types of physical activity, energy consumption, and level of physical activity were measured. As a result, college students were mostly spending time sleeping, where males slept for an average of 7 hours and 39 minutes(27.3%) while the average figure for females was 7 hours and 29 minutes(26.9%). Following it was studying, where males and females spent an average of 7 hours and 14 minutes(15.9%) and 6 hours of 51 minutes (14.6%) respectively. Also, the third activity that college students spent time the most was walking, where males and females walked for a daily average of 1 hour and 35 minutes(5.6%) and 1 hour and 40 minutes(5.3%) respectively. In regards to the level of physical activity, the amount of consumed energy was compared among the subjects; males(22 non-active(10%), 95 low-active(44%), 86 active(39%), and high-active(7%)) showed a significant difference in categories “exercising” and “walking”(p<.05) while the result was the same for females(14 non-active(8.3%), 68 low-active(40.2%), 82 active(48.5%), and 5 high-active(3.03%))(p<.05). In conclusion, Korean college students were found to have “low” Physical Activity Level(PAL) within “active” groups, where they showed a significant difference in categories “exercising” and “walking.”

회장에 Cannula 를 설치한 돼지에서 내생질소 및 아미노산의 배설

박병성(Byung Sung Park),윤칠석(Chil Surk Yoon),이남형(Nam Hyung Lee),지규만(Kew Mahn Chee) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.7

Levels of endogenously excreted nitrogen and amino acids were measured in swine fitted with ileal T-cannula by collecting feces and deal digesta after feeding N-free diet. Mean body weight of the three swine was 50±1.7Kg. The N-free diet was made based onglucose, corn oil and α-cellulose along with mineral and vitamin supplements. Chromic oxide was also included as an indicator at a level of 0.2%. The pig were fed 2Kg of the diet daily. After 5 days of adjusting period to the diet, feces were collected for 2 consecutive days and then deal digesta for another 2 more days from the pigs on the N-free diet. Daily endogenous nitrogen and amino acids excreted by the animalss were 1.2g and 6.1g in ileal digesta and 0.4g and 2.178/㎏ dry matter intake in faces, respectively. They were 24㎎ and 122㎎ in deal digesta and 8㎎ and 43.4㎎ in feces, respectively, when expressed on a kilogram body weight basis. Significant differences were observed in the levels of nitrogen and amino acids excreted between ileal digesta and feces (P$lt;0.01). Proline (1.04g) was the amino acids of the greatest concentration of the ileal digesta and aspartic acid (0.24g) and glutamic acid (0.25g) of the feces. Methionine was the least excreted amino acids through either terminal ileum or anus. Proline appeared the most affected amino acids when passing through the large intestine and methionine the least affected.

유산균 ( Lactobacillus plantarum ) 접종 및 당밀첨가가 볏짚계분발효 사료의 발효양상에 미치는 영향

조남일(Nam Il Cho),윤칠석(Chil Surk Yoon),이남형(Nam Hyung Lee),지규만(Kew Mahn Chee) 한국축산학회 1989 한국축산학회지 Vol.31 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate effect of lactic acid bacteria(Lactobacillus plantarum) inoculation and supplemented molasses on the fermentation of a silage containing poultry manure. Basal mixture of the silage consisted of rice straw pretreated with NaOH, wheat bran and poultry manure at a ratio of 50:30:20 on a dry weight basis, respectively. Lactic acid bacteria were inoculated at a level of 10^5/g silage. Molasses was added at a level of 7% replacing wheat bran on a weight basis from the basal mixture. During a period of 30 days of fermentation, silages of various combinations were stored at two different environmental temperature, i.e. 15 and 30℃, to evaluate effects of supplemented lactic acid bacteria and molasses on the fermentation at a lower temperature. Samples were analyzed for 5 and VFA content. In vivo nylon bag digestibilities of dry matter were also measured by using fistulated sheep. It appears that the fermentation pattern of simultaneous addition of lactic acid bacteria and molasses fermented the silages stored at 15℃ was almost similar to the same level of the silage of basal mixture fermented at 30℃. Separately added bacteria or molasses were not quite effective in fermenting silages compared to those added with the two supplements at the same time at a lower temperature. Silages stored at 15℃ were not effectively fermented in terms of pH lowering effect, number of lactic acid bacteria and VFA production. Dry matter digestibilities were of almost the same tendency as the quality of silages. Silages added with molasses were better digested at a range of 57 to 61% compared to those without added molasses. A very effective fermentation could be obtained for a silage consisting of rice straw, wheat bran and poultry manure, stored at relatively low temperature, if optimized levels of lactic acid bacteria and molasses were supplemented.

한국 남녀대학생의 신체활동형태 및 관련 영양섭취 추적 : 2000-2010년

백승희(Baek, Seung-Hui),신지은(Shin, Ji-Eun),지규만(Chee, Kew-Mahn),이명숙(Lee, Myoungsook) 한국체육과학회 2020 한국체육과학회지 Vol.29 No.6

Backgrounds: Lifestyle to improve health promotion includes physical activities, nutritional habits, stress management, social supports, etc. Physical activities and healthy nutrition are particularly critical to prevent chronic disease during the whole life. Method: A total of 485 students (279 men, 206 women) in Korea University have enrolled in the self-report survey cohort between 2000 to 2010. The changes in the types of physical activity in 10 years and the association between nutrition and physical activity types were identified. Result: In the walking degree, the percentage of the lowest level (Q1) decreased from 35.9% to 19.4% for 10 years, but the physical activity-related energy expenditure(PEE) was not changed. As the levels of walking degree increased, the iron and energy intakes increased, whereas the dietary fiber and niacin intakes were increased in men. More than 83% did not have weight training exercise, but men showed a higher figure than women in the total amount of exercise and weight training. Subjects with the muscular exercise had higher intakes of protein, vitamins (D, B6 & niacin), and Ca than their counterpart. Women with weight training showed higher intakes of protein and vitamin B6 than men, showing a significant interaction between gender and muscular exercise. Vitamin E, and total fatty acid intakes were significantly increased by increasing PEE levels. We found that the carbohydrate intake was changed by increasing PEE with the interaction effects of gender. Conclusion: Physical activities, such as walking and muscular exercise, and proper nutrients’ supply were essential to prepare healthy life without chronic disease.

ω3계 및 ω6계 지방산 식이가 흰쥐의 모유와 혈청의 지방산 성분 및 비타민 E 수준에 미치는 영향

황혜진(Hwang Hye Jin),정은정(Chung Eun Jung),이종호(Lee Jong Ho),지규만(Chee Kew Mahn),이양자(Lee Yang Cha) 韓國營養學會 1994 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.27 No.2