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조정호,Jo, Jeong-Ho 대한간호협회 1991 대한간호 Vol.30 No.3
This study was carried out to assess the problems with the pregnant women, and check out the risk-factors in the high-risk pregnancies, using a simplified antepartum risk-scoring system, which was revised from Edwards' scoring system to be suitable for Korean situaition. This instrument was included 4 categories, demographic, obstetric, medical and miscellaneous factors. This survey was based on the 1300 pregnant women who were admitted, <rom Jan. 1, 1988, to May 31, 1990, Chung Ang Medical Center. Data were collected from June 25, 1990 to July 7, 1990. Data was analized by $x^2$-test, F-test, Pearsons correation, using statistical package SAS in NAS computer system, KIST. The results of the study were as follows; 1. 1313 infants were deliveried of these 560 infants(42.7%) were born to mothers with risk-scores > 7, and 753 infants(57.3%) were born to mothers risk-scores <7. 2. Maternal age" parity, education level, of the demographic factors were significant relation statistically to identify the high risk pregnancies($X^2$=20.88, 42.87, 15.60 P < 0.01). 3. C-section, post term, incompetent cervix, uterine anomaly, polyhydramnios, congenital anomaly, sensitized RH negative, abortion, preeclampsia, excessive size infant, premature, low birth weight infanl, abnormal presentation, perinatal loss, multiple pregnancy, of the obstetric factors were significant relation statistically to identify the high risk-pregnancies. ($X^2$ = 175.96, 87.5, 16.28, 21.78, 9.46, 8. 10, 6.75, 22.9, 64.84, 6.93, 361.43, 185.55, 78.65, 45.52, P < 0.01). 4. Abnormal nutrition, anemia, UTI, other medicalcondition(pulmonary disease, severe influenza), heart disease, V.D., of the miscellaneous and medical factors, were significant relation statistically to identify the high risk-pregnancies. 5. Premature, low birth weight infant, contracted pelvis, abnormal presentation, of the risk factors were significantly related with Apgar score at 1 '||'&'||' 5 minute after birth and neonatal body weight. 6. Apgar score at 1 '||'&'||' 5 minute after, birth and neonatal body weight were significantly negative correlated with risk-score. 7. There were statistically significant difference between risk-score and Apgar score at 1 '||'&'||' 5 minute after birth, 3 group(0-3, 4-6, above 7), and neonatal body weight, 2 group(below 2.5kg, the other group) (F=104.65, 96.61, 284.92, P<0.01). 8. Apgar score at 1 '||'&'||' 5 minute after birth(below 7), and neonatal body weight(below 2.5kg), were significant relation statistically with risk score.($x^2$=65.99, 60.88, 177.07, P<0.01) were 60.8 %, 60% . 9. Correct classifications of morbid infants(l '||'&'||' 5 minute Apgar score < 7) were 77.8%, 83.8% and that of nonmorbid infants(l '||'&'||' 5 minute Apgar score > 7) were 60.8%, 60%. 10. There were statistically significant difference between dislribution of maternal risk-score among the morbid infants(l '||'&'||' 5 minute Apgar score < 7) and non morbid infants(l '||'&'||' 5 minute Apgar score> 7) ($x^2$=64.8, 58.8, P < 0.001). 11. There were statistically significant difference between distribution of morbid infants(l '||'&'||' 5 minute Apgar score < 7) and fetal death. 12. The predictivity for classifying high.risk cases was 12 % and for classifying low-risk cases was 98.3 % in 5 minute Apgar score. Suggestions for further studies are as follows; 1. Contineous prospective studies, using this newly revised scoring system are strongly recommended in the stetric service. 2. Besides risk facto~s used in this study, assessmenl of risks by factors in another scoring system and paralled studies related to perinatal outcome are strongly recommended.
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SysML 기반 시스템 고장 모델과 시스템 아키텍처의 통합 모델에 대한 검증 기법
조정호(Jeong-Ho Jo),이재천(Jae-Chon Lee) 한국산학기술학회 2016 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.17 No.8
오늘날 다양한 산업분야에서는 시스템 안전을 확보하기 위한 표준들이 제정되었다. 해당 표준들에서는 시스템 개발 초기 단계인 개념설계 단계부터 위험원 분석 활동을 수행하고, 분석 결과를 안전을 확보하기 위한 시스템 설계 활동에 반영 할 것을 제시하고 있다. 따라서 운영 목표에 부응하는 시스템의 설계와 시스템에 내재하는 위험원 분석은 밀접한 관계가 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 기존에는 설계 결과의 검증에서 시스템 개념설계와 위험원 분석 결과를 분리하여 수행하였다. 본 논문에서는 분리 수행에 따른 문제를 개선하기 위하여 시스템 고장 모델과 시스템 아키텍처의 통합 모델에 대한 검증 방법을 연구하였다. 구체적으로, 먼저 대상시스템의 아키텍처를 시스템 모델링 언어인 SysML로 모델링 하였다. 그리고 나서 시스템 아키텍처 정보를 기반으로 위험원 분석을 수행하고, 이를 토대로 SysML 고장 모델을 생성하였다. 그 후에 시스템 고장 모델 을 시스템 아키텍처에 통합하고, 이를 기반으로 고장에 대비한 안전 설계를 추가하였다. 최종적으로 시스템 운영 중 일부 고장에도 안전 설계 결과가 안전 목표를 만족하는지 검증하기 위한 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. International standards for systems safety have been established in various areas of industry. Such standards recommend that safety design activities be carried out early on in the beginning of systems development. Hazard analysis should be done in close interaction with the conceptual design of the system. This paper focuses on how to verify whether the safety goals are met while considering system design issues. The architecture of the underlying system was first modeled using SysML, a systems modeling language, and then hazard analysis was performed based on architectural information to obtain a system failure model. Thereafter, an integrated model was developed by combining the SysML failure model and the architectural model, and then safety designs were added to prevent system failure. Finally, a simulation of the developed model was performed to see if a system functions even when some components are failing.
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현금배당 공시사건이 주가수익률에 미치는 비대칭적 영향에 관한 연구 : 행태재무적 관점에서
조정호(JungHo Jo),정찬식(ChanShik Jung) 한국산업경영학회 2016 經營硏究 Vol.31 No.2
본 연구는 현금배당의 증가 / 유지, 그리고 현금배당의 감소라는 경제적 사건을, 행태재무의 한 개념인 손실회피(loss aversion)라는 관점에서 실증적으로 분석한다. 이러한 손실회피 현상 하에서 는, 투자자가 배당의 증가 / 유지 공시 때 보다는 배당의 감소 공시 때 더 민감하게 반응하는 것이 가능하다. 이를 고려한 본 연구의 실증결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 배당 증가율(변화율)은 배당공시 관련 누적초과수익률과 유의한 양의 관계가 있었다. 둘째, 직전 사업연도와 비교하여 주당 배당액이 1원 감소할 때 누적초과수익률의 하락폭은, 주당 배당액 이 1원 증가할 때 누적초과수익률의 상승폭보다 10배 이상 컸다. 이러한 발견은 앞서 언급한 손실 회피 가설이 성립함을 의미한다. 즉, 1995년부터 2013년까지 KOSPI 시장에 상장된 주식에 투자한 투자자는 배당공시와 관련하여 배당 증가 / 유지라는 긍정적인 뉴스보다는 배당감소라는 부정적인 뉴스에 더욱 민감하게 반응한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 사실은 기업 배당정책에 임하는 경영진에게 정책적 시사점을 제공하며, 배당공시의 비대칭적 반응을 연구한 선행연구가 존재하지 않았다는 점에서 학문적 시사점을 제공한다 할 수 있다. This study analyzes the stock market performance of firms, which announce the increase, the decrease, or the maintenance of dividends, in view of the loss aversion. The loss aversion is one of concepts in the behavioral finance literature. If the loss aversion is true, investors of a stock market will react more sensitively to the decrease of dividends than to the increase/maintenance of dividends. We find that, at first, the cumulative abnormal returns tend to increase with the increasing/ maintaining dividend announcement. We also find that, adversely, the cumulative abnormal returns tend to decrease with the decreasing dividend announcement. These results are based on the symmetric response of investors. However, more importantly, we find that the asymmetric response of investors tend to exist in the Korean stock market. In detail, we find that the absolute value of the dropped cumulative abnormal returns of firms, which announce the increasing/maintaining dividends, are much greater than the absolute value of the arisen cumulative abnormal returns of firms which announce the decreasing dividends, as the dividend per share changes in comparison to the previous fiscal year. These results support the loss-aversion hypothesis. These findings suggest that the managers of firms should carefully consider the negative effect of the decreasing dividend announcement. Moreover, this study has a contribution in that there has been little literature which consider the asymmetric effect of dividend announcement.
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