5- methyl -4- imidazolecarboxylic Acid Ester 연속합성의 반응속도론 및 특성 연구

조욱상,박상진,김학희 ( Wook Sang Cho,Sang Jin Park,Hak Hee Kim ) 한국공업화학회 1994 공업화학 Vol.5 No.6

Ethylacetoacetate로부터 2단계의 연속합성을 통하여 생성되는 5-methyl-4-imidazolecarboxylic acid ester의 합성반응 속도론과 중간 생성물인 α, β-dioxobutyric acid(일명 diketone)의 반응 안정성을 연구하였다. 반응속도 결정단계는 α-acetyl-α-hydroxy iminoacetic acid(oxime)로부터 diketone으로 진행되는 과정으로서 반응속도에 영향을 미치는 주된 인자로는 Oxime, HCl의 농도와 반응온도임을 확인하였고 HCl 농도 4.6∼8.0M, 반응온도 8.5∼20℃의 변화에 따른 diketone의 최대 반응수율 변화는 50∼74%이었다. Power-law 수식모델 및 회분식 반응기 empirical data로부터 diketone 생성반응 속도식을 구하였으며 이 식이 실험 Data와 잘 일치하고 있음을 보였다. 본 연구는 5-methyl-4-imidazolecarboxylic acid ester 연속반응 공정개발의 기초단계로서 반응속도론 연구를 통하여 합성 반응의 특성을 파악하는데 중요한 의의를 두고 있다. The chemistry of 5-methyl-4-imidazolecarboxytic acid ester synthesis involves three distinct reaction steps. Of these the rate of formation of diketone was found to be a function of oxime and HCl concentration and temperature by the batch experiment. The decomposition of diketone was found to be a slow process, whereas temperature was the only variable to affect it significantly. An empirical rate expression for the net formation of diketone fits the experminetal data satisfactorily. The principal objectives of this study are to study the kinetics of the diketone formation reaction and to develop the empirical rate expression.

화옹호 유역의 비점오염부하량 산정에 관한 연구

조욱상 수원대학교 산업기술연구소 2004 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.19 No.-

In this study, the estimation of non-point source pollutant loads in accordance with the utilization of lands in the area of Hwa-Wong lake was carried out in order to provide basic engineering data for building up the treatment or management facilities applicable to this corresponding area. On the basis of water Qualify and flow measurements at the on-sites around three main streams (Nam-yang, Ja-an and Eo-eun) located in that area, the yearly discharging amount of non-point source pollutants and its contribution rate to the total amount of water pollutants were calculated by applying the effluent coefficients and reasoning equation method incited from references. It was found that the contribution rates of water pollutants resulted from the non-point sources were 79.2%, 81.4%, and 81.1% for BOD, T-N, and T-P respectively. Because of insufficient measuring data including rainfalls and inaccurate local statistics, in the period of this study, the accuracy on estimations needs to be more studied.

고도 하수처리 공정의 최적 제어 알고리즘에 관한 연구

조욱상 수원대학교 산업기술연구소 2003 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.18 No.-

Because of the limitation of controllable operation variables for the wastewater treatment process with variable hydrodynamic flow patterns, it may preclude the use of this type of nutrient removal activated sludge process. Only temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) as the operation variables have been used to operate the process. From this point, this study starts to improve treatment efficiency and operability of the process, mentioned above, by the following methodologies: 1) the process and operation data analysis using the process simulation, 2) the determination of optimal control logic or algorithm using the pilot-scaled experimental apparatus and its operations, 3) the applications of experimental and simulation results to find the optimal process operation modes. In this study, it was found that the optimal operation mode, named 'save mode', in the basis of process variables such as the ammonia nitrogen concentration of inlet flow, temperature and flow rate, can reduce the operation cost, comparing with the present normal operation mode. And also, the stable conditions in nitrification were shown by the proportional control of DO with the inlet air flow rate of blower and the mixing rate of mechanical aeration. This study has shown to be considerably feasible for the applications of its results to the commercial scaled wastewater treatment process.

ASRT 공정개념을 적용한 중·소규모 폐수처리 공정의 실험적 평가

조욱상 수원대학교 산업기술연구소 1999 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.14 No.-

In this study, we tried to study the ASRT(Aerobic Solids Retention Time) process concepts and related reaction mechanisms to apply to small-sized wastewater treatment process(1,000 - 1,300㎥/day). They have basically different operation schemes, compared with the existing process operations, that are to directly withdraw excess sludge from the aeration tank and to alternately keep anaerobic or aerobic conditions in the same reactor by the control of oxygen injection time. The removal efficiency of organic matters, nitrogen and phosphorus is distinctively higher and also the number of unit operations can be reduced to yield the more economic values over the existing process operations.

소규모 하수처리장의 통합운영관리를 위한 기초연구

조욱상 수원대학교 산업기술연구소 2002 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.17 No.-

A prototype of integraten management and control system, which has capability of analyzing and monitoring the acquisited and/or measured real-time data for the full-scale wastewater plant, has been implemented into the decision-making hierarchy of process control system. This study is principally based on the needs for the integrated management and control of scattered small sized plants, and its results could be adjusted to make an effective approach to solve real problems in the domain of environmental systems. In this study, all experimental works for the treatment process performances had been done at the full-scale plant, that has capability of 1500㎥/d

도시 하ㆍ폐수처리공정에 관한 모델링 및 조업최적화 연구

조욱상,허재성,구본상 한국공업화학회 1997 응용화학 Vol.1 No.2

경기도 광주군에 소재되어 있는 하수종말처리장은 팔당호의 주요 지천인 경안천과 곤지암천이 함류되는 지역에 위치하여 지리적으로도 매우 중요할 뿐만 아니라 두 하천으로 유입되는 도시 생활 하폐수를 처리하여 다시 수도권 광역상수도의 수원인 한강 (팔당호 상류)에 방류시켜 한강의 수질요염은 물론 수도권의 상수원 보호에 커다란 역할을 담당하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 경기도 광주군 소재 하수종말처리장의 조업운용효율을 향상시키기 위하여 이 처리장에 환경공정 모델링, 및 모사기(Process Simulator)인 ENPRO^(TM)를 사용하여 최적의 처리 및 조업 조건을 찾고자 수행하였다. 설계 처리 용량인 11,000 ㎥/day를 초과하여 유입수가 유입되었을 때 방류수 허용기준(BOD=20ppm, SS=20ppm)을 넘지 않는 최대유량과 최소유량을 계산하였고, 최상의 방류수 수질을 유지할 수 있는 최대유량 및 최소유량과 조업인자의 도출을 시도하였다. 그러나 이는 정상상태 즉 기계, 전기, 동력장치 등 유틸리티 시설의 제약이 없다는 가정 아래 모사된 결과이므로 실제 조업에 작용할 때는 이러한 부분에 대한 제약조건을 찾아서 공정조업에 반영해야 할 것이다. 이러한 연구는 수질오염방지시설 뿐만 아니라 대기오염방지시설 및 공정에도 공정모델링 및 모사기술의 적용이 얼마든지 가능하며 또한 인공지능 기술인 전문가 제어 시스템과도 연계하여 공정 이상진단 및 통합제어 시스템의 구현이 가능할 수 있다. Using ENPRO^(TM), a comprehensive simulation program for modeling process used in the design and operation of water and wastewater treatment plants, the single activated sludge process with three unequal sized aeration reactors, operated in parallel, followed by two equal sized clarifiers was evaluated for the case study of the real process operations. The influent flowrate is 14,000㎥/day. Wastage is fixed at 200 ㎥/day. The sludge wastage rate from the second clarifier was adjusted to maintain a suspended solids residence time of 3 days. Initial estimates of the two recycled activated sludge streams were obtained from a separate simulation assuming the activated sludge process consists of a single reactor and single clarifier. And also, these estimates were adjusted to ensure overall mass balances on all stream attributes. The overall design and operating conditions can be imposed on the model to ensure desired performance.

매립지가스(LFG)로부터 합성가스 제조를 위한 개질반응 연구

조욱상,윤중섭,박성규,모용기,백영순 한국수소및신에너지학회 2014 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.25 No.6

LFG (Land-Fill Gas) includes components of CH4, CO2, O2, N2, and water. The preparation of synthesisgas from LFG as a DME (Dimethyl Ether) feedstock was studied by methane reforming of CO2, O2 and steamover NiO-MgO-CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst. Our experiments were performed to investigate the effects of methane conversionand syngas ratio on the amount of LFG components over NiO-MgO-CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst. Results were obtainedthrough the activity reaction experiments at the temperature of 900°C and GHSV of 4,000. The results were asfollowing; it has generally shown that methane conversion rate increased with the increase of oxygen and carbondioxide amounts. Highly methane conversion of 92~93% and syngas ratio of approximately 1.0 were obtainedin the feed of gas composition flow-rate of 243ml/min of CH4, 241ml/min of CO2, 195ml/min of O2, 48ml/minof N2, and 360ml/min of water, respectively, under reactor pressure of 15 bar for 50 hrs of reaction time. Also,it was shown that catalyst deactivation by coke formation was reduced by excessively adding oxygen and steamas an oxidizer of the methane reforming.

매립지가스(LFG)로부터 합성가스 제조시 반응조건에 따른 수율에 미치는 연구

조욱상,최경돈,백영순 한국수소및신에너지학회 2015 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.26 No.5

LFG (Land-Fill Gas) includes components of CH4, CO2, O2, N2, and water. The preparation of synthesis gas from LFG as a DME (Dimethyl Ether) feedstock was studied by methane reforming of CO2, O2 and steam over NiO-MgO-CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst. Our experiments were performed to investigate the effects of methane conversion and syngas yield on the amount of LFG components over NiO-MgO-CeO2/Al2O3 catalyst. Results were obtained through the methan reforming experiments at the temperature of 900°C and GHSV of 8,800. The results were as following; it has generally shown that syngas yield increase with the increase of oxygen and steam amounts and then decrease. Highly methane conversion of above 98% and syngas yield of approximately 60% were obtained in the feed of gas composition flow-rate of 243ml/min of CH4, 241ml/min of CO2, 195ml/min of O2, 48ml/min of N2, and 450ml/min of steam, respectively, under reactor pressure of 1 bar for 200 hrs of reaction time. Also, it was shown that catalyst deactivation by coke formation was reduced by excessively adding oxygen and steam as an oxidizer of the methane reforming.

LNG 연소배가스중 이산화탄소와 질소산화물 저감을 위한 공정모사 연구

조욱상 수원대학교 산업기술연구소 2000 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.15 No.-

In this paper, with relation to the preceding study, the computer modeling and simulation works for the LNG combustion process was performed to present the feasibility of the reduction of CO2 and NOX from the LNG flue gas. Suppose that the hydrogen gas produced from the partial oxidation of LNG and the CO2 reforming can be recycled to the boiler and decrease the flow rate of LNG and also the excess % of air, AspenPlusTM (commercial process simulator) equipped with the combustion database was used for the calculations. Concentrations of 18 combustion species and radicals expected in the flu gas have been calculated at equilibrium states. The relative feed flow rates and catalytic reactor parameters have been varied to search the optimal H2 yield and also to minimize the amount of undesired nitrogen compounds.

생물학적 폐수처리 공정의 공정제어를 위한 on-line 전문가 시스템

趙昱相 水原大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

The study on process simulations, in the basis of a hybrid intelligent expert system which can support operations for the biological wastewater treatment processes, was practically performed. This expert system provides (ⅰ) tracking the cause of problems resulted from inexperienced process operations, such as an emergency shut-down or start-up, (ⅱ) process system and trend analysis and (ⅲ) real-time optimal process controls. Knowledge-base consists of about 100 production-rules for the activated sludge treatment process, including bio-reactor and final clarifier. It was designed to capture some of the knowledge in any case of the absence of experienced operators. The system provides stable process control and management and effectively helps inexperienced operators with advanced and standard technologies. It was implemented to be a hybrid-typed intelligent expert system by mutually connecting with the process control systems which has the capability of process diagnosis, analysis and control.