강제 수영이 흰쥐 골격근에 미치는 영향

조명제 대구산업정보대학 1995 논문집 Vol.9 No.2

This experiment was designed to observe the changes in skeletal muscle(gastrocnemius) of the rat in the swimming training. The subject were divided into three groups : control, 4 weeks swimming and 8 weeks swimming trained group. Myofibrils in the muscle fiber were disaggregated of the forced swimming, although mitochondria between myofibrils were fused with each other and because gigant mitochondria, but the density of cristae decreased. Mitochondria between sarcolemma and myofibrils were divided and thus increased in number. Sarcoplasm was increased, and disaggregated membrane system was observed in swelling formation. Muscle fibers in the skeletal muscle were damaged by stress when the skeletal muscle was affected by forced swimming. The increase in number of mitochondria indicates positive adaptation of the skeletal muscle when training is prolonged.

Helicobacter pylori Strain 51의 보유한 Type II 제한효소 (Hpy51-I)의 특성

조명제,박정욱,전병삼,박정원,변은영,이선경,박예형,송재영,이우곤,백승철,최여정,정선애,최미영,Cho, Myung-Je,Park, Jeong-Uck,Jeon, Beong-Sam,Pack, Jeong-Won,Byun, Eun-Young,Lee, Sun-Kyung,Park, Ye-Hyoung,Song, Jae-Young,Lee, Woo-Kon,Baik, Seun 대한미생물학회 2001 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.31 No.3

This study describes the purification and characterization of type II restriction endonuclease of Helicobacter pylori in order to understand the DNA restriction and modification of H pylori. H pylori cell extract was subjected to polyethyleneimine treatment, salt precipitation, heparine-sepharose column chromatography, and fast protein liquid chromatogrphy (FPLC) using Resource Q column and Mono Q column to purify the type II restriction endonuclease. Hpy51-I was characterized to recognize the sequneces 5'-GT(G/C)AC-3', yielding 5-base 5' protruding ends. The restriction sequence was identical to that of Tsp 45 I. The enzyme exhibited its maximal activity in the presence of $10{\sim}20\;mM$ NaCl, but was inhibited completely in the presence of more than 80 mM NaCl. The enzyme showed its maximal activity in the presence of $1{\sim}10\;mM\;MgCl_2$. The optimal pH and temperature for enzyme activity was pH 9.0 and $37^{\circ}C$, respectively. $MnCl_2$ could not substitute for $MgCl_2$ in reaction mixture. And addition of ${\beta}$-mercaptoethanol and bovine serum albumin in reaction mixture led to loss of enzyme activity of Hpy51-I. The whole cell extract of H. pylori strain 51 was confirmed to carry the enzyme activity for methylation of Hpy51-I-recognised sequence. Hpy51-I digested genomic DNAs of enteric bacteria to less than I kb while it could not cut the genomic DNAs of H. pylori isolates. In this study, the type II restriction enzyme (Hpy51-I) of H. pylori was identified and characterized its biochemical properties, demonstrating that Hpy51-I might be one of the barriers for preventing the introduction of foreign DNAs into H. pylori.

변형된 CFAR 알고리즘을 이용한 새로운 주파수영역 GSC

조명제,문성훈,한동석,정진원,김수중,Cho, Myeong-Je,Moon, Sung-Hoon,Han, Dong-Seog,Jung, Jin-Won,Kim, Soo-Joong 대한전자공학회 1999 電子工學會論文誌, S Vol.s36 No.2

The generalized sidelobe cancellers(GSC's) ar used for suppressing an interference in array radar. The frequency-domain GSC's have a faster convergence rate than the time-domain GSC's because they remove the correlation between the interferences using a frequency-domain least mean square(LMS) algorithm. However, we have not fully used the advantage of the frequency-domain GSC's since we have always updated the weights of all frequency bins, even the interferer free frequency bin. In this paper, we propose a new frequency-domain GSC based on constant false-alarm rate(CFAR) detector, of which GSC adaptively determine the bin whose weight is updated according to the power of each frequency bin. This canceller updates the weight of only updated according to the power of each frequency bin. This canceller updates the weight of only the bin of which the power is high because of the interference signal. The computer simulation shows that the new GSC reduces the iteration number for convergence over the conventional GSC's by more than 100 iterations. The signal-to-noise ration(SNR) improvement is more than 5 dB. Moreover, the number of renewal weights required for the adaptation is much fewer than that of the conventional one. GSC(generalized sidelobe conceller)들은 어레이 레이다에서 간섭신호를 제거하기 위하여 이용된다. GSC들 중에서 주파수영역 GSC들은 주파수영역 LMS(least mean square) 알고리즘으로 간섭신호간 상관성을 제거함으로써 시간영역 GSC들보다 빠른 수렴특성을 가진다. 그러나 기존의 주파수영역 GSC의 장점을 충분히 이용하지 못했다. 본 논문은 일정오경보율(constant false-alarm rate: CFAR) 검출기에 근거하여 가중치를 갱신할 빈을 결정하는 새로운 주파수영역 GSC를 제안한다. 본 방법은 간섭신호가 존재해서 전력이 큰 주파수 빈에 대해서만 가중치를 갱신한다. 새로운 GSC는 컴퓨터 모의실험에서 기존의 GSC를 보다 100 반복주기 이상 수렴속도와 5 dB 이상의 출력 신호대 잡음비(singnal-to-noise ratio; SNR)를 개선하였고, 갱신 가중치의 수도 현저히 줄어듬을 확인하였다.

Al₂O₃/ZrO₂요업체에서 공침에 의한 ZrO₂입자의 분산

조명제,최정림,박정권,황규홍,이종국,Cho, Myung-Je,Choi, Jung-Lim,Park, Jung-Kwon,Hwang, Kyu-Hong,Lee, Jong-Kook 한국세라믹학회 2002 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.39 No.7

To improve the mechanical properties of $Al_2$O$_3$/ZrO$_2$composites, the homogeneous dispersion of ultra low size ZrO$_2$ particles in $Al_2$O$_3$ceramics have been controlled by coprecipitation method. In case of mechanical mixing of ZrO$_2$ powders with $Al_2$O$_3$, homogeneous dispersion and controlling the ZrO$_2$ size were relatively difficult due to high sintering temperature. So nanosized Zr hydroxide was coprecipitated from ZrOCl$_2$/Y(NO$_3$)$_3$ solution with commercial sub-micron sized $\alpha$-alumina (Sumitomo : AES-11(0.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$)) and high purity ultra low sized $\alpha$-alumina (Taimei Chemical (0.22 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$)) for low temperature sintering. By this partial coprecipitation method, relatively low sized ZrO$_2$ dispersion in $Al_2$O$_3$/ZrO$_2$ composites was achieved at 150$0^{\circ}C$-1$600^{\circ}C$ of sintering temperature range and their mechanical properties were measured. ZrO$_2$가 분산된 $Al_2$O$_3$/ZrO$_2$ 복합체의 기계적 성질을 향상시키기 위하여 분산되는 ZrO2의 입자크기를 공침법에 의해 초미립으로 균질하게 분산시키기 위한 방안을 고찰하여 보았다. 일반적으로 $Al_2$O$_3$와 ZrO$_2$ 분말의 기계적혼합에 의해 제조되는 경우 분산되는 ZrO$_2$ 출발입자의 크기도 크고 소결시에도 비교적 빠르게 성장하므로 본 연구에서는 상용의 이소결성 $\alpha$-Al$_2$0$_3$ 분말(Sumitomo:AES-11(0.5$mu extrm{m}$)) 및 저온 소결용 초미립 알루미나(Taimei Chemical(0.22$\mu\textrm{m}$))에 ZrOC1$_2$. 8$H_2O$ 와 Y(NO$_3$)$_3$를 pH 9.5의 조건에서 공침하여 $\alpha$-Al$_2$0$_3$입자 표면에 초미립의 미세한 Zr(OH)$_4$ 침전 입자가 부착되도록 하였다. 이를 150$0^{\circ}C$-1$600^{\circ}C$의 온도에서 소결하여 작은 크기의 ZrO$_2$ 입자가 균질하게 분산된 $Al_2$O$_3$/ZrO$_2$ 복합체를 제조하였으며 이의 기계적성질을 관찰하였다.

강한 간섭 신호를 제거하기 위한 3차원 위상배열 레이다용 새로운 부엽제거기

조명제,한동석,정진원,김수중,Cho, Myeong-Je,Han, Dogn-Seog,Jung, Jin-Won,Kim, Soo-Joong 대한전자공학회 1998 電子工學會論文誌, S Vol.s35 No.10

임의의 잡음 환경에서 신호 대 잡음비 (SNR; signal-to-noise ratio) 를 최대화하는 어레이 안테나 소자의 최적 가중치들은 안테나의 설계 구조와 안테나로 유입되는 표적 및 간섭 신호의 방향에 의해 결정된다. 신호 대 잡음비를 최대화시키는 방법을 이용한 기존의 부엽제거기법들은 고-전력 간섭 신호시 주 안테나의 부엽으로 수신된 간섭 신호가 매우 커서 주 안테나 수신 시스템을 포화시키므로 수신 신호 성분이 손실된다. 본 논문에서는 강한 간섭 신호에 의해 주 안테나 수신 시스템이 포화되는 것을 막기 위해 수신기 전단에서 강한 간섭 신호를 일차적으로 제거하는 적응 영 조정 기법(adaptive nulling)을 주 안테나에 적용한다. 또한, 제거할 간섭 신호를 충분히 획득하기 위해 간섭 신호 방향 적응 어레이 기법(adaptive array)을 보조 안테나에 적용한다. 제안한 부엽제거기법은 이 주/보조 안테나의 출력을 부엽제거기(SLC; sidelobe canceller)의 입력으로 사용한다. 적응 영 조정기와 적응 어레이의 결합으로 구성된 제안한 부엽제거기는 강한 간섭 신호에 의해 주 안테나 수신 시스템이 포화되는 것을 막음으로서 주어진 모의 실험 신호에 대해 기존의 부엽제거기들보다 부엽에서 평균 7 dB, 주빔 근처에서 약 20 dB 이상의 신호 대 잡음비를 개선하였다. The array weights that will maximize the SNR for any type of noise environment are determined by the function of the antenna design configuration and the directions of receiving target and interference signals. The conventional SLCs(sidelobe cancellers) using the SNR maximization perform worst from the saturation of the receiving system of main channel when the main antenna has pattern with high gain at the arrival angle of strong interference. In this paper, the new SLC is accomplished by using two independent antenna architecture. Main antenna is implemented with adaptive nulling, which is used for rejecting high-power interference primarily. Auxiliary antenna is realized with adaptive array for receiving interference signal to be suppressed completely, which has a characteristics of sufficient gain for every direction. The new SLC is implemented with above both antennas. We show that the new SLC, which consists of the adaptive nulling main antenna and the adaptive array auxiliary antenna, is useful in reducing the effect of strong interference like jammer, because the adaptive nulling at main antenna prevents its receiver and signal processor for saturation by strong interference. The proposed SLC has improved SNR over the conventional SLCs. The improved SNR at sidelobe region is typically more than 7 dB for a given test signal. Moreover, it improves the SNR of about 20 dB under strong interference at mainlobe.

기술사마당_기술해설 - 후기정보화시대와 꿈같은 우리사회의 모습 -인간을 '재정의(再定義)' 할지도-

조명제,Cho, Myong-Jae 한국기술사회 2010 技術士 Vol.43 No.1

The status of near future in IT era is described. Aging, Woman power, Home alone, Glovalization and Rapid growth of technology are characterised in these category. Specialy nano bio technology and Robotics would be contributed in progress of medical sector. It could assist anti-aging. The efficiency of computer rapidly grow by artificial intelligence. Dr.Toffler who is the futurist said that the key word passing through the 21st century as the definition of a human being might be changed.

경추 증후군 환자에서 상부경추변위에 대한 임상적 고찰

조명제,김동일,박쾌환,Cho, Meoung-Jae,Kim, Dong-Il,Park, Koae-Hwan 대한침구의학회 2000 대한침구의학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Objectives : We perform this study for help to recovery of cervical syndrome by analyzing structural deviation and cervical curvature in upper cervical vertebrae and definiting functional change through cervical body heat change in cevical lesion which is estimated by DITI. Methods : From sep. 1st. 1998 to aug, 31th. 1999, I make an experiment with the 102 OPD patients of this hospital vertebral-joint center, which were judged as a cervical syndrome and confirmed in upper cervical deviation by motion palpation and then were taken cervical simple X-ray and cervical thermograpy. Results : In the classfication of upper cervical deviation, AS deviation took 98% and abnormal cervical curvature took 68%. in the Chief complain neck-shoulder pain took 78%. In the results of DITI, average value of all objects show $032{\pm}0.18$ as a meaning result. Conclusions : In medical treatment of cervical syndrome, this result shows necessity of keeping pace with remedy of upper cervical deviation and medical treatment of functional change and We can learn necessity of detailed assessment through continual clinical examination.

동력자원연구소의 압축식 히트펌프의 연구현황

조명제,Cho, Myong Jae 대한설비공학회 1988 설비저널 Vol.17 No.2

元天錫의 佛敎認識 - 朱子學의 수용과 관련하여 : 元天錫의 佛敎認識

趙明濟(Cho Myung-je) 보조사상연구원 2006 보조사상 Vol.26 No.-

여말선초의 사상사는 불교에서 주자학을 중심으로 한 유교사회로 전환되는 것이 그 주된 지표라고 할 수 있다. 이 글은 元天錫이라는 한 인물을 통하여 여말선초 사상사의 흐름과 관련된 문제를 검토하였다. 첫째, 원천석은 선종을 중심으로 불교계와 교유하였으며, 불교에 대한 관심과 이해도 선사상에 집중되고 있다. 그가 불교와 교유한 배경에는 그의 개인사나 체험, 나아가 은거라는 실존적 상황과 관련된다. 그는 선과 관련된 경전에 관심이 많고, 간화선(看話禪)에 대한 이해가 깊었다. 둘째, 원천석이 불교계와 교유한 경향은 당시 불교계의 상황을 반영하고 있다. 즉 당시 사대부가 교유하는 대상이나 관심을 갖는 사상이 선사상이라는 사실, 동아시아의 불교 교류 양상이나 선승들이 인가를 받기 위해 중국에 대거 유학하는 현상이 잘 드러난다. 아울러 선사상이 형식화, 고착화되면서 퇴락되어 가는 모습도 반영되어 있다. 셋째, 원천석은 유교와 불교가 근본적으로 추구하는 것이 같다고 하는 유불일치론을 표방하면서도 기본적인 시각은 불교를 본위에 두고 전개한다. 한편 원천석이 주자학을 수용하고 이해하는 바탕에는 선사상의 영향이 적지 않았다. 이러한 경향은 특히 성인가학설(聖人可學說)의 수용에서 잘 드러난다. The time from late Goyeo until early Joseon was the milestone period for Korea"s philosophical history to move from Buddhism to Neo-Confucianism of Chu Hsi as a dominant philosophy of the society. This study investigates issues around the philosophical transition during that time through reading a scholar, Won Cheon-seok. Firstly, Won Cheon-seok involved in Buddhism community with Zen Buddhism orientation. His interest in and understanding of Buddhism are also closely related with Zen Buddhism. The background of his involvement in Buddhism is linked with somewhat practical situation of him such as his personal history, experience, and secluded life. He had a great interest in books about Zen and deep understanding about KoanZen(看話禪). Next, the way of Won Cheon-seok"s involvement in Buddhism reflects the reality of Buddhism community during the time. In other words, it was the religious time dominated by Sect of Zen Buddhism whereby the high class or leaders of the society were inclined to Zen Buddhism. This tendency can be also seen in the way of Buddhism cultural interaction in East Asia as well as in the phenomena where many monks travelled to China for religious study to get recognised in their community. The 60 pieces of Jesigwon-poetry(題詩卷詩) in Won"s essay book show the phenomena where literature activities were prominent of Zen and reflect the downfall of Zen Buddhism. Thirdly, Won Cheon-seok suggested the unitary theory of Confucianism and Buddhism for the relationship between these two. He argued that the goals Confucianism and Buddhism pursue are basically same but kept his grounds in Buddhism for his basic perspective. Finally, the reasons for Won to accept and understand Neo-Confucianism of Chu Hsi includes his relationship with and influence from Zen Buddhism. This can particularly be seen in his embracement of Seongin-gahak(聖人可學) hypothesis which refers to the notion that anyone can reach the ideal status of the holy being. This notion had already been suggested in Buddhism. Therefore, the expression of admiring Anhwi(顔回) shows well the fact that the concept and practice of internalizing holy being were accepted by the high class people in the late Goryeo.

朝鮮後期 松廣寺의 전적 간행과 사상적 경향

조명제(CHO, MYUNGJE) 보조사상연구원 2009 보조사상 Vol.32 No.-

조선후기 송광사의 전적 간행은 17세기 전반기에 송광사가 중창되면서 집중적으로 간행되었고, 17세기 후반에서 18세기 전반까지 대폭 줄어들다가 다시 18세기말에 약 10년간 다소 회복되었다. 전적의 내용과 성격은 대체적으로 4가지 종류로 분류되며, 그 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 看話禪과 관련된 전적을 비롯한 禪籍이 중시되었다. 둘째, 승려의 교육과 관련되는 전적이 강원의 이력과정, 규범서, 한자 학습서 등 다양하게 간행되었다. 셋째, 신앙, 의례와 관련된 전적이 폭넓게 간행되었으며, 이는 당시 불교의 민중화와 관련된다. 넷째, 승려와 유가의 문집이 상당수 간행되었다. 이와 같이 송광사에서 간행된 전적의 종류와 내용은 대체로 조선후기 불교계의 흐름이나 사상적인 경향과 일치한다. 또한 그 사상적 경향과 의의는 다음 세 가지로 요약된다. 첫째, 『大慧書』, 『禪要』, 『蒙山法語』 등 간화선과 관련된 전적이 중시된다. 이러한 현상은 간화선이 조선후기 불교를 주도하였던 사실을 그대로 드러낸 것이지만, 불교사상적인 측면에서는 전혀 새로운 변화나 발전이 이루어지지 못한 현실을 반영한다. 둘째, 지눌과 관련된 문헌에 대한 이해 문제이다. 이는 1608~1612년 사이에 송광사에서 집중적으로 간행되는데, 이른바‘보조유풍의 영향이라는 요소만을 강조하기 것보다 조선후기 불교계에 현실적으로 요구되던 선교일치론의 표방과 관련된다. 셋째, 신앙, 의례와 관련되는 전적이 대단히 많이 간행되고 중시된 것은 왜란과 호란, 이상기후로 인한 자연재해, 기근과 전염병이 빈발되는 사회 상황으로 고통 받는 일반민을 불교계가 사회적, 종교적으로 구원하기 위한 종교적 대응과 관련된다. 또한 일반민과 여성에게는 일상적으로 현세구복적이며 사후의 구원을 기대할 수 있는 불교신앙에 대한 수요가 계속 존재하였다. 특히 조선후기에는 도교와 민간신앙이 불교에 수용되거나 僞經이 많이 간행된다. 이들 전적은 대체적으로 분량이 적으며 실용적이고 求福信仰적인 성격을 갖고 있다. 이러한 경향은 불교의 쇠퇴, 타락의 단면으로 이해할 수 있지만, 불교가 민중화, 대중화되는 현상으로 이해할 수 있다. Songgwangsa(松廣寺)'s publication of books was at its height when it was rebuilt in the first half of the 17th-century. It had been sharply reduced from the second half of the 17th-century to the first half of the 18th-century but had been somewhat recovered in the late of the 18th-century. The publications could be divided into four classes according to their contents and characters. Their features are as follows. First, Zen books(禪籍) related to a manual of Ganwhason(看話禪) were valued. Second, variously educational books for Buddhist monks such as a curriculum of Buddhist academy(講院), a conduct book, and a study book of Chinese character were published. Third, many books dealing with the faith and ceremony also were published. It had relation to the popularization of Buddhism. Fourth, many collections of Buddhist mook´s works and Confucian scholar's works were printed. This trend of publication reflects the characteristic of Buddhist thought. For example, the importance of Zen books such as Daehyeseo(『大慧書』), Seonnyo(『禪要』), Mongsanbeobeo(『蒙山法語』) did not declined to the latter period of Joseon. It had relation to the predominating tendency of a manual of Ganwhason(看話禪). The publication of books on Jinul(知訥) had relation to the Buhyu(浮休) sect which had settled in Songgwangsa and had made efforts to inform Jinul and a history of Songgwangsa. However, we must not overestimate his influence on Buddhist thought in the latter period of Joseon. These books which valued an unity of non-Zen Buddhism and Zen Buddhism reflected Buddhist world´s realistic demand to unite reading of a Sutra with cultivating of a religious faith. The books dealing with a faith and a ceremony hold a majority in Songgwangsa's publications. It had relation to Buddhist world's efforts to provide aid and salvation and to social supports of laymen for people who had suffered from a disaster and a war. Buddhist Ceremonies such as Buddhist service for the dead(薦度齋) and Buddhist service for a ghost(水陸齋) were valued and Buddhist faiths which pursued secular happiness and salvation after death spreaded. In addition to the traditional faith such as belief in the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy(觀音信仰), various Buddhist faiths accepting Taoism and folk beliefs were widespread. Especially the uncanonical books(僞經) included Taoist elements which had united with folk beliefs such as shamanism. These books had a practical character to invoke a blessing. Because the main targets of them were women and common people, they had small quantities and many Korean versions. It seems that these faiths reflected the trend of more popular Buddhism as compared with former age.