가중회귀분석(加重回歸分析)에 의한 지역화왜곡계수(地域化歪曲係數)의 추정(推定)

조국광 ( Cho Kuk Kwang ),권순국 ( Kwun Soon Kuk ) 한국농공학회 1990 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.32 No.1

The application of the Log-Pearson Type m distribution recommended by Water Resources Council, U. S. A. for flood frequency analysis requires the estimation of the regionalized skew coefficient. In this study, regionalized skew coefficients are estimated using a weighted regression model which relates at-site skews based on logarithms of observed annual flood peak series to both basin characteristics and precipitation data in the Han river and the Nakdong river basin. The model is developed with weighted least squares method in which the weights are determined by separating residual variance into that due to model error and due to sampling error. As the result of analysis, regionalized skews are estimated as - 0.732 and - 0.575 in the Han river and the Nakdong river basin, respectively.

경사지(傾斜地)에서의 토양유실(土壤流失) -지형인자(地形因子)를 중심으로-

조국광 ( Kuk Kwang Cho ),박성우 ( Sung Woo Park ) 한국농공학회 1981 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.23 No.2

土壤流失은 降雨의 性質, 土壤의 特性, 傾斜度 및 傾斜長, 栽培方法에 따라 달라진다. 따라서 土壤流失을 正確하게 豫測하기 爲해서는 위의 6個 因子에 對한 究明이 必要하다. 지금까지 우리 나라에서는 Wischmeier의 土壤流失量 公式(USLE)을 效率的으로 適用하기 爲하여 6個 因子中 降雨因子, 土壤浸蝕性 因子, 作物因子 및 土壤保全因子에 對해서만 硏究가 있는 實情이다. 따라서 本 硏究에서는 傾斜地에서의 傾斜長가 傾斜度가 土壤流失에 미치는 영향을 究明하여 LS 方程式을 誘導하고자 하였다. 京畿道 驪州郡 梁巨里에 있는 農業振興公社 農地保全 試驗圃에서 10個의 裸地 試驗區에 對한 土壤流失量을 測定하여 分析하였다. 10個의 試驗區中 9個는 傾斜度 10%, 20% 및 30% 各各에 對해 10m, 20m 및 30m의 傾斜長으로 되어 있으며, 나머지 1個의 試驗區는 다른 試驗區와의 比較를 爲한 標準區로서 15%의 傾斜度, 20m의 傾斜長으로 되어 있다. 土壤은 禮山統에 속하며 60%의 砂質, 24%의 微砂質 및 16%의 粘土質로 구성되어 있다. 20回의 土壤流失量 測定記錄中 12.7mm以上의 降雨에 依한 9回分의 流失量 測定資料를 回歸分析한 結果 다음과 같은 LS方程式이 유도되었다. 卽, 그러나 傾斜度와 傾斜長因子(LS)는 다른 여러 因子들과의 相互作用(interaction)을 內包하고 있기 때문에 앞으로의 LS因子에 對한 硏究는 여러種類의 土壤에서 傾斜의 條件을 多樣하게 變化시켜 長期間 實驗을 한다면 韓國의 土壤特性에 一般的으로 適用할 수 있는 LS方程式을 誘導할 수 있으리라 思料된다.

有限要素法을 이용한 海水流動解析 (II)

권순국,고덕구,조국광,김준현,Kwun, Soon-Kuk,Koh, Deuk-Koo,Cho, Kuk-Kwang,Kim, Joon-Hyun 한국농공학회 1992 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.34 No.2

The TIDE, finite element model for the simulation of tidal flow in shallow sea was tested for its applicability at the Saemangeum area. Several pre and post processors were developed to facilitate handling of the complicated and large amount of input and output data for the model developed. Also an operation scheme to run the model and the processors were established. As a result of calibration test using the observed data collected at 9 points within the region, linearlized friction coefficients were adjusted to be ranged 0.0027~0.0072, and water depths below the mean sea level at every nodes were changed to be increased generally by 1 meter. Comparisons of tidal velocities between the observed and the simulated for the 5 stations were made and obtained the result that the average relative error between simulated and observed tidal velocities was 11% for the maximum velocities and 22% for the minimum, and the absolute errors were less than 0.2m/sec. Also it was found that the average R.M.S. error between the velocities of observed and simulated was 0.119 m/sec and the average correlation coefficient was 0.70 showing close agreement. Another comparison test was done to show the result that R.M.S. error between the simulated and the observed tidal elevations at the 4 stations was 0.476m in average and the correlation coefficients were ranged 0.96~0.99. Though the simulated tidal circulation pattern in the region was well agreed with the observed, the simulated tidal velocities and elevations for specific points showed some errors with the observed. It was thought that the errors mainly due to the characteristics of TIDE Model which was developed to solve only with the linearized scheme. Finally it was concluded that, to improve the simulation results by the model, a new attempt to develop a fully nonlinear model as well as further calibration and the more reasonable generation of finite element grid would be needed.

유한요소법(有限要素法)을 이용한 해수유동(海水流動) 해석(解析) (I)

권순국 ( Kwun Soon Kuk ),고덕구 ( Koh Deuk Koo ),조국광 ( Cho Kuk Kwang ),김준현 ( Kim Joon Hyun ) 한국농공학회 1991 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.33 No.4

A numerical simulation of a 2-dimensional tidal flow in a shallow sea was performed using the frequency domain finite element method. In this study, to overcome the inherent problems of a time domain model which requires high eddy viscosity and small time steps to insure numerical stability, the harmonic function incorporated with the linearized function of governing equations was applied. Calculations were carried out using the developed tidal model(TIDE) in a rectangular channel of 10m(depth)×4km(width)×25km(length) under the condition of tidal waves entering the channel closed at one end for both with and without bottom friction damping. The predicted velocities and water levels at different points of the channel were in close agreement with less than 1% error between the numerical and analytical solutions. The results showed that the characteristics of the tidal flow were greatly affected by the magnitude of tidal elevation forcing, and not by on surface friction, wind, or the linear bottom friction when the value was less than 0.01. For the optimum size of grid to obtain a consistent solution, the ratio between the length of the maximum grid and the tidal wave length should be less than 0.0018. It was concluded that the finite element tidal model(TIDE) developed in this study could handle the numerical simulation of tidal flows for more complex geometrical conditions.

유한요소법(有限要素法)을 이용한 해수류동해석(海水流動解析)(II)

권순국 ( Kwun Soon Kuk ),고덕구 ( Koh Deuk Koo ),조국광 ( Cho Kuk Kwang ),김준현 ( Kim Joon Hyun ) 한국농공학회 1992 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.34 No.2

The TIDE, finite element model for the simulation of tidal flow in a shallow sea was tested for its applicability at the Saemangeum area. Several pre and post processors were developed to facilitate handing of the complicated and large amount of input and output data for the model developed. Also an operation scheme to run the model and the processors were established. As a result of calibration test using the observed data collected at 9 points within the region, linearlized friction coefficients were adjusted to be ranged 0.0027~0.0072, and water depths below the mean sea level at every nodes were changed to be increased generally by 1 meter. Comparisons of tidal velocities between the observed and the simulated for the 5 stations were made and obtained the result that the average relative error between simulated and observed tidal velocities was 11% for the maximum velocities and 22% for the minimum, and the absolute errors were less than 0.2m/sec. Also it was found that the average R.M.S. error between the velocities of observed and simulated was 0.119m/sec and the average correlation coefficient was 0.70 showing close agreement. Another comparison test was done to show the result that R.M.S. error between the simula-ted and the observed tidal elevations at the 4 stations was 0.476m in average and the correla-tion coefficients were ranged 0.96~0.99. Though the simulated tidal circulation pattern in the region was well agreed with the observed, the simulated tidal velocities and elevations for specific points showed some errors with the observed. It was thought that the errors mainly due to the characteristics of TIDE Model which was developed to solve only with the linearized scheme. Finally it was concluded that, to improve the simulation results by the model, a new attempt to develop a fully nonlinear model as well as further calibrations and the more reasonable generation of finite element grid would be needed.

BCl₃ 평판형 유도결합 플라즈마를 이용한 GaAs 건식식각

임완태,백인규,정필구,이제원,조관식,이주인,조국산,Lim, Wan-tea,Baek, In-kyoo,Jung, Pil-gu,Lee, Je-won,Cho, Guan-Sik,Lee, Joo-In,Cho, Kuk-San,Pearton, S.J. 한국재료학회 2003 한국재료학회지 Vol.13 No.4

We studied BCl$_3$ dry etching of GaAs in a planar inductively coupled plasma system. The investigated process parameters were planar ICP source power, chamber pressure, RIE chuck power and gas flow rate. The ICP source power was varied from 0 to 500 W. Chamber pressure, RIE chuck power and gas flow rate were controlled from 5 to 15 mTorr, 0 to 150 W and 10 to 40 sccm, respectively. We found that a process condition at 20 sccm $BCl_3$ 300 W ICP, 100 W RIE and 7.5 mTorr chamber pressure gave an excellent etch result. The etched GaAs feature depicted extremely smooth surface (RMS roughness < 1 nm), vertical sidewall, relatively fast etch rate (> $3000\AA$/min) and good selectivity to a photoresist (> 3 : 1). XPS study indicated a very clean surface of the material after dry etching of GaAs. We also noticed that our planar ICP source was successfully ignited both with and without RIE chuck power, which was generally not the case with a typical cylindrical ICP source, where assistance of RIE chuck power was required for turning on a plasma and maintaining it. It demonstrated that the planar ICP source could be a very versatile tool for advanced dry etching of damage-sensitive compound semiconductors.

클러스터링 기반 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크 관리 프레임워크의 설계 및 구현

이종언(Jong-Eon Lee),차시호(Si-Ho Cha),조국호(Kuk-Hyun Cho) 한국통신학회 2008 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.33 No.4B

불법도청에 관여하지 않은 언론의 도청결과물 보도의 위법성조각 -X파일 보도사건을 중심으로-

조국 ( Kuk Cho ) 법조협회 2008 法曹 Vol.57 No.12

2005년 발생한 ``X파일`` 사건에서 불법도청을 행한 안기부 요원, 불법선거에 관여한 것으로 의심되는 모 그룹과 모 일간지의 수뇌부들은 법규 위반의 공소시효가 지났기에 기소되지 못하지만, ``X파일`` 사건을 보도한 M 방송의 L 기자는 통신비밀보호법 위반 혐의로 불구속 기소되었다. 제1심 판결은 ``X파일`` 보도행위의 동기·목적이 정당하고 행위의 수단·방법이 상당하고, 대화당사자의 인격권 침해가 있었으나 이는 공적 인물로서 감수해야 할 정도라고 파악하여 무죄판결을 내렸다. 반면 제2심 판결은 통신비밀의 공개의 위법성조각이 가능한 상황을 매우 한정한 후, ``X파일`` 보도는 ``사회상규성``이 인정되지 않는다고 보았다. 필자는 제1심 판결에 동의하면서, 언론기관이 직간접적으로 도청에 관여하지 않았고, 도청의 내용이 민주적 질서의 근간을 이루는 중대한 공익적 사항이며, 도청내용의 공개를 통해 인격권이 침해되는 인물이 공적인 인물이라면 도청내용의 언론보도는 ``정당행위``에 해당하여 위법성이 조각된다고 주장한다.

영국 코먼 로 형사절차의 전면적 혁신과 그 함의 - 1984 년 「 경찰 및 형사증거법 」 과 1994 년 「 형사사법과 공공질서법 」 을 중심으로 -

조국(Kuk Cho) 한국형사정책학회 1998 刑事政策 Vol.10 No.-

N/A

명예훼손과 표현의 자유 사실적시 명예훼손죄 및 모욕죄의 재구성

조국 ( Kuk Cho ) 한국형사정책학회 2013 刑事政策 Vol.25 No.3

Different from a majority of OECD countries, defamation and insult are criminalized in Korea. Defamation by pointing out true facts as well as false facts regarding other persons is criminalized. Both civil and criminal sanction may be imposed on those who commit defamation and insult. The Korean Supreme Court has held that defamation may be justified when it is made for ‘public interests’ and attack against public officials and figures should not restricted unless they are made by malice and serious recklessness. It has also held that insult may be justified when it is partly used in the situation where the defendant emphasizes on the rightness of his/her opinion. The Constitutional Court held that the restriction of defamatory expressions against public officials and figures should be alleviated. However, this judicial decisions provide citizens with only possibility of being freed from criminal sanction in final stage of criminal process. Citizens who make defamatory or insulting expressions are in a danger of be investigated and prosecuted. They have to keep fighting with law enforcement authorities to change the possibility into reality. Thus ordinary citizens are likely to refrain from criticizing public officials and figures. In this context, the two crimes of defamation and insult produce “chilling effect” on the freedom of expression. For these reasons, a few number of scholars have argued that the two crimes of defamation and insult are unconstitutional, so abolished. This Article starts by reviewing the judicial interpretation of defamation and insult and clarify the requirements of justification. Then it argues that the Korean courts have modified and adopted the “actual malice” rule, which was established by the U.S. Supreme Court in the decision of New York Times v. Sullivan in 1964. Second this Article criticizes that the two crimes restrict the freedom of expression, critical expression against public officials and figures in particular. Finally it argues that defamation and insult against public officials and figures in a case related with ‘public interests’ should be de-criminalized and imprisonment should be removed from the list of penalties for the two crimes.