원자력발전소 비상직무에 대한 인적수행도 분석

정원대,박진균,김재환,Jung, Won-Dae,Park, Jin-Kyun,Kim, Jae-Whan 대한인간공학회 2002 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.21 No.3

Reduction and prevention of human error is one of the major interests for the enhancement of system safety and availability in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). As human beings have become the weak point in the system safety, a systematic evaluation on human performance during emergency situation should be performed in advance to identify the potential vulnerability of human tasks. Though the data gathering and analysis from real field is an important precondition, there were no available data in nuclear field of korea. This paper presents the result of human performance analysis on emergency tasks in NNPs. Firstly, a task analysis was performed to identify the characteristics of operator tasks during emergency condition and to classify them into a set of generic emergency tasks. Secondly, simulation data were collected and analyzed for the emergency tasks using the full scope simulator of Younggwang NPPs. The analyzed human performance information cover the event diagnosis time, the execution time of each procedural step, observation parameters, typer of irrelevant response, pattern of communication among staffs, and so on. These performance data would be used for human reliability analysis and the research of human error as technical bases.

한중 문화교류의 매개체로서의 〈나의 붉은 고래(大鱼海棠)〉

정원대(Won-Dae Jung) 한국애니메이션학회 2021 애니메이션연구 Vol.17 No.4

한중 양국은 문화적 공감대가 있음에도 불구하고 갈등이 끊이지 않는 실정에 처해 있다. 한중 양국의 갈등은 상호 간의 문화교류가 부족하여 발생하는 현상이라고 할 수 있다. 한중 양국의 갈등은 서로가 공유 가능한 문화적 공감대를 통해 소통할 수 있는 문화교류로 해소가 가능하다고 판단된다. 다양한 문화교류 중에서도 민족신화와 결합한 애니메이션의 공유를 통한 문화 공감대 형성은 양국의 상호 문화적 차이의 격차를 줄이는 데 도움이 될 수 있다. 한중 양국에서 공통적으로 찾아볼 수 있는 민족신화와 일부 원형은 인간 보편적 정서가 드러나고 지역적 특색이 되기 때문에 서로 간의 문화를 이해하는 데 도움이 되기도 한다. 특히 한반도 북방과 만주지역의 민족신화는 원형의 변화를 통해 이루어진다는 점에서 스토리텔링적 공통점도 함께 가지고 있다. 그러한 민족신화와 결합한 애니메이션은 스토리텔링으로서 창조된 세계에서 한중 양국의 구성원이 서로를 간접적으로 확인하고 이해하는 매개체로 작용할 수 있다. 민족신화와 결합한 애니메이션은 한중 양국이 공감할 수 있는 원형과 그 변화, 캐릭터 중심의 스토리텔링으로 문화의 교류가 이루어지도록 하는 매개체로서의 역할을 하는 셈이다. 〈나의 붉은 고래(大鱼海棠)〉(2016)는 한중 양국이 문화적 공감대를 형성할 수 있는 요소와 스토리텔링으로 이루어졌다고 할 수 있다. 〈나의 붉은 고래〉에 나타난 민족신화의 원형과 그 변화는 한중 양국이 공감하기 쉬운 스토리텔링적 요소에 해당한다. 또한 작중 주인공의 변화는 일종의 개인 정체성의 변화로서 동시대 한중 사회 구성원이 갈망하는 자기실현과 유사한 양상으로 나타난다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 〈나의 붉은 고래〉의 스토리텔링 분석을 통해 한중 문화교류의 매개체로서 애니메이션의 가능성을 검토하고자 한다. 〈나의 붉은 고래〉의 스토리텔링 분석은 주인공인 춘(椿)의 원형적 특성과 개인의 자기실현을 통해 진행하려 한다. 이를 통해 한중 문화교류의 매개체로서 애니메이션의 가능성을 제시하고자 한다. Despite the fact that there is a cultural consensus between Korea and China, conflicts continue to exist. The conflict between Korea and China can be said to be a phenomenon caused by a lack of mutual cultural exchange. It is judged that the conflict between Korea and China can be resolved through cultural exchange through mutually shared cultural consensus. Among various cultural exchanges, the formation of cultural consensus through the sharing of animation combined with national myths can help narrow the gap between the two countries’ cultural differences. National myths and some archetypes that can be found in both Korea and China are helpful in understanding each other’s cultures by suggesting universal human and regional characteristics. In particular, the national myths of the northern part of the Korean Peninsula and Manchuria have a common storytelling aspect in that they are made through a change in the original form. Animation combined with such national myths can act as a medium through which members of Korea and China indirectly identify and understand each other in a world created as storytelling. Animation combined with national mythology corresponds to the role of a medium that enables cultural exchange through storytelling centered on characters and archetypes and changes that both Korea and China can sympathize with. “My Red Whale (dà yú hǎi táng)” (2016) can be said to be composed of elements and storytelling that can form a cultural consensus between Korea and China. The prototype of the national myth and its changes in “My Red Whale” is a storytelling element that both Korea and China can relate to. Also, the change of the protagonist in the work is a kind of personal identity change, and it appears in a similar way to the self-actualization that members of the contemporary Korean-Chinese society long for. Therefore, this study intends to examine the possibility of animation as a medium for cultural exchange between Korea and China through the storytelling analysis of “My Red Whale”. The storytelling analysis of “My Red Whale” attempts to proceed through the archetypal characteristics of the main character, Chun (chūn) and her personal self-actualization. Through this, we intend to present the possibility of animation as a medium for cultural exchange between Korea and China.

중국 애니메이션의 트랜스 아이덴티티 과정

정원대(Won Dae Jung) 중국영화포럼 2016 영화중국 Vol.3 No.1

Current Chinese animation is undervalued in below two reasons. First, “the animation only for Chinese people like.” In other words, it fits Chinese values but hard to understand for people from other countries. Capital investments and improving technology of animation are growing rapidly. But composition of an epic is like “classical literature”. An entertainment of animation gives pleasure beyond reality but most of Chinese animation does not. For example, the best feature of Walt Disney and Pixar Animation that are gaining huge popularity all over the world make our dreams come true. It’s fun that realizes individual member’s desire and distorts reality intentionally rather than purpose of group and common social ideology. But Chinese animation attaches importance to ’the whole story’ that is still cotrolling nationally and aiming for ‘public values.’ Even it does not reflect the phenomenon of subdivision and changes also the real image of rapid changing in China. Likewise, the animation that focus on orientation of its producer or whole community brought bad results in popularity and cinematic quality both internally and externally. Secondly, it excessively added “elements of Chinese” in work. In case of the Kung Fu Panda, it produced in the USA but it is mentioned successful case that added some elements of Chinese. Of course, it’s not like perfectly Chinese but difficult ideology that hard to understand was replaced with the interest simply and clearly. In contrast, analysis object, The Secret of Jungle of Avatar was produced with high technology of 3D computer graphics. But it is North America’s code of humor except Chinese comedy and storyline of instruction. Calabash Brothers is more like Chinese that made perfectly Chinese specific color. But excessive Chinese narrative, music and others don’t draw current viewers interest including Chinese people. Therefore, Chinese animation is relatively undervalued because of these two kinds of thing that process of identity and cause. Based on above factors, I want to make it clear to process of change of Chinese identity and reason of undervalue.

<센과 치히로의 행방불명>의 캐릭터 분석

정원대(Jung Won-Dae),임대근(Great Root) 인문콘텐츠학회 2017 인문콘텐츠 Vol.0 No.45

애니메이션의 서사에서 캐릭터는 차지하는 비중은 크다. 이러한 이유는 이야기를 전개하는 과정은 캐릭터가 경험하는 사건과 현상이 중심이 되기 때문이다. 오늘날까지도 캐릭터는 그것이 지닌 독창성, 대중성에 의해서 애니메이션의 성공 여부가 판가름되는 잣대가 되기도 한다. 이로 인해서 실화를 소재로한 인물부터 창작 캐릭터 까지 그 모습 또한 다양하게 나타난다. 또한 이러한 캐릭터의 독창성, 특수성은 인물의 변화를 얼마나 잘 표현하는지에 따라서 다르다. 이러한 변화의 양상은 주로 캐릭터의 외부적, 심리적 변화를 얼마나 잘 구성했는가 하는 여부에 의해서 만듬새를 판가름한다고 할 수 있다. 그 중에서 보편적이고 지속적으로 사용되는 표지는 주인공을 중심으로 한 ‘정체성 전환’의 활용이다. 이 글의 분석대상인 <센과 치히로의 행방불명(千と千尋の神隠し)>(2002)은 주인공 치히로의 정체성 변화를 중심으로 이야기가 전개된다. 서사내부에서 주인공이 겪는 사건과 성장담이 주가 되면서 정체성을 변화를 다룬다. 이를 이야기라는 전체 틀의 중요성에만 치중해서 단순한 구성요소로 경시할 수도 있다. 하지만 실상 중심이 되는 서사의 요소는 캐릭터의 경험과 사건이다. 그렇다면 이와 같이 정체성의 전환, 다중적 정체성 소재가 자주 사용되고 향유되는 이유는 무엇인가? 이러한 물음으로 <센과 치히로의 행방불명>의 주인공의 정체성 전환과 정치적 자․타아를 통해서 다중적으로 나타나는 정체성을 분석한다. 더불어 어떤 방식으로 캐릭터가 표상되는 파악한다. 이를 통해서 시대를 막론하고 끊임없이 향유되는 정체성 전환 서사의 원인을 밝히겠다. 그리고 반복되는 소재에도 왜 인간이 지속적으로 캐릭터의 정체성 전환을 향유하는지 분석하겠다. Character accounts for a great deal in animated narratives. Especially, the process of developing the story centered on the events and phenomena experienced by the characters. Even today, character is a measure of success by its originality and popularity. Because of this, the figure from the character based on the true story to the creative character also appears variously. Also, the originality and specificity of these characters differ depending on how well they express the change of character. It can be said that the aspect of this change mainly depends on how well the external and psychological changes of the character are constituted. Among them, the universal and constantly used cover is the use of ‘identity transition’ centering on the main character. The story of <The Spiriting Away Of Sen And Chihiro(千と千尋の神隠し)>(2002), which is the subject of analysis of this article, focuses on the change of identity of the main character, Chihiro. Within the narrative, the main characters deal with the change of identity as the episode and the story of the protagonist take center stage. You can focus on the importance of the whole frame of story and simply neglect it as a component. But in fact, the elements of the narrative that is central are the experiences and events of the characters. So what is the turning of identity, and why are multiple identities often used and enjoyed? Through this question, I analyze the identity of the protagonist of <The Spiriting Away Of Sen And Chihiro> missing person and the identity manifested multiply through the political person and the tai. In addition, I understand how characters are represented. Through this, I will reveal the cause of the identity transition narrative that is constantly enjoyed regardless of the age. And I will analyze why the human being constantly looks at the characters’ identity transition in the repeated material.

표준 원자력발전소 확률론적 안전성 평가의 인간 신뢰도 분석 평가

강대일,정원대,양준언 한국안전학회 2003 한국안전학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Based on ASME probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) and NEI PRA peer review guidance, we evaluate a human reliability analysis (HRA) in probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) for Korea standard nuclear power plants, Ulchin Unit 3&4, to improve it performed at under design. The HRA for Ulchin Unit 3&4 is assessed as higher than Grade I based on ASME PRA standard and as higher than Grade 2 based on NEI PRA peer review guidance. The major items to be improved identified through the evaluation process are the documentation, the systematic human reliability analysis, the participitation of operators in the works and review of HRA. We suggest the guidance on the identification and qualitative screening analysis for pre-accident human errors and solve some items to be improved using the suggested guidance.

원자력발전소 인간신뢰도 분석의 한계점 분석과 차세대 방법을 위한 요건 개발

김재환,정원대,장승철,하재주 한국산업안전학회 1999 한국안전학회지 Vol.14 No.2

More than twenty methods were suggested for Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) in the field of safety analysis for Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). However, there is still a high uncertainty on the analysis and a difficulty in performing HRA. New methods and approaches are under studying to overcome such limitations of current HRA. This paper presents some results of study to analysis limitations of current HRA in viewpoint of user, i.e., HRA analyst. The limitation analysis was based on 89 human error events modeled in a Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) project for NPPs in Korea. Total 17 specific limitations were identified and categorized into seven groups. Important analysis has also been undertaken to assess the order of priority among those limitations. Finally, seven requirements with priority ranking were generated for an advanced framework and methodology of HRA.

원자력발전소 비상운전시의 운전원 인지오류 예측 지원체계의 개발

김재환,정원대 한국산업안전학회 2000 한국안전학회지 Vol.16 No.3

This paper introduces an analysis framework and procedure for the support of the cognitive error analysis of emergency tasks in nuclear power plants. The framework provides a new perspective in the utilization of influencing factors into error prediction. The framework can be characterized by two features. First, influencing factors that affect the occurrence of human error are classified into three groups, i.e., task characteristic factors(TCF), situation factors (SF), and performance assisting factors(PAF). This classification aims to support error prediction from the viewpoint of assessing the adequacy of PAF under given TCF and SF. Second, the assessment of influencing factors is made by each cognitive function. Through this, influencing factors assessment and error prediction can be made in an integrative way according to each cognitive function. In addition, it helps analysts identify vulnerable cognitive functions and error factors, and obtain specific error reduction strategies. The proposed framework was applied to the error analysis of the bleed and feed operation of nuclear emergency tasks.

국내 원자력발전소 불시정지 이력에 근거한 PSA 초기사건 빈도 분석

이윤환,정원대 한국산업안전학회 1999 한국안전학회지 Vol.14 No.1

PSA(Probabilistic Safety Assessment) methodology is widely used on assessing the safety of Nuclear Power Plants(NPPs) quantitatively in the domestic nuclear field. Initiating event frequencies are absolutely needed to conduct PSA, and they considerably affect PSA results. There is no domestic database where domestic trip event cases are reflected so they are used to assess the safety of NPPs that are from the foreign database. In this paper, operating experience data from the Korean NPPs was collected and analyzed for the trip event cases, which are necessary to determine the initiating events and their frequencies. Korean NPPs have experienced five of 16 initiating events, which are LOFW, LOCV, LOCCW, LOOP and GTRN as a result of analyzing the trip event cases. Initiating frequencies based an the domestic trip event cases are analyzed, and they are similar to that from the foreign database.