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조경공사 적산방식의 비교연구 - 실적공사비와 표준품셈의 단가비교 -
정운수,최기수,Jung, Un-Soo,Choi, Key-Soo 한국조경학회 2012 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.40 No.2
본 연구는 공공건설공사 중 조경공사 적산의 단가 비교로 적정 공사비 산출방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 2011년 상반기 실적단가에서 조경공사로 분류되는 12항목 중 유사기준인 7항목을 대비하며, 준용 공종은 5개 현장에 적용된 실적단가 80항목 중 비교 가능한 35항목을 유사기준인 2011년 3월의 표준품셈 단가로 대비하였다. 조경부문 7항목의 실적공사비율은 항목별로는 104.86%, 총공사비로는 92.09%이다. 실적공사비율이 높은 이유는 암반 적용 여부로 씨앗뿜어붙이기의 높은 비율도 있지만, 근본적인 이유는 잔디와 씨앗뿜어붙이기의 사면처리 비용 때문이므로, 품셈의 불합리성과 토양 종류별 기준별 보정계수 규정을 세분할 필요가 있다. 토목과 건축 준용부문 35항목의 실적공사비율은 항목별로 78.65%, 총공사비로는 71.31%(70.17%)이다. 이는 실적단가가 구조적으로 실제 금액을 반영하지 못하는 점과, 품셈은 인력시공에서 현실성이 결여된 때문으로 판단된다. 국토해양부 발표인 85.1~91.2%의 실적공사비율은 신규 전환품목 단가이므로, 이 결과는 실제적인 실적공사비율로 추정되며, 실적단가가 적정 비율을 보이도록 검증 후 보완하고 표준품셈도 이러한 실적자료 등으로 보완이 필요하다. This study aims to find a proper construction cost calculation method by comparing unit prices of cost estimate in landscape construction among other public ordering construction projects. There were 7 out of 12 items from the actual work cost in the first half of 2011 were compared. The 12 items were classified as landscape Architectural construction and the 7 items were the approximate standard. As applied construction types, the comparable 35 items out of the 80 actual work cost items applied to 5 sites were compared to the unit price of the standard quantity per unit in March 2011, which was the approximate standard. Actual construction rate of the 7 items in the category of landscape sector was 104.86% for each item and 92.09% as a total construction cost. The high actual construction rate was caused by the high rate of seed spray depending on the status of applying rocks. However, there were more fundamental reasons for the cost generated from aslope treatment for grass and seed spray. So, it requires more detailed regulations on the modification factors for each soil type, the standard and needs to improve theillogical standard quantity per unit system. Actual construction rate of the 35 items in the applied sectors of civil engineering and architecture was 78.65% for each item and 71.31% (70.17%) as a total construction cost. This shows that actual unit cost cannot reflect actual cost structurally and standard quantity per unit system lacks practicality in terms of construction due to thelabor force. 85.1~91.2 % actual construction rate announced by the Ministry of Land and Maritime Affairs referred to the newly switched items. So the result was estimated as actual construction rate. This requires supplementation after verification in order to make the actual work cost produce at a proper rate. Also, standard quantity per unit system needs complementation with these actual data and so on.
Jung,W.S.,Park,S.K.,Lee,B.J.,Chang,S.Y.,Jung,K.J 대한방사선 방어학회 1999 방사선방어학회지 Vol.24 No.2
TRIGA Mark-Ⅱ,Ⅲ 연구로를 폐로함에 따라, 원자로를 비롯한 관련 시설로부터 작업자의 방사선피폭을 최소화하고 환경으로의 방사성물질 누출을 사전에 방지하며, 안전한 해체방법을 모색하여 해체공사시의 기술기준을 수립하기 위하여 해체대상 시설내에 잔존하고 있는 방사성물질의 방사선/능 준위를 측정 및 분석 평가하였다. 측정대상은 시럴내의 바닥 및 벽면과 잔존 실험시설물의 표면, 수조내 방사화 물질의 표면, 시설내 잔존하고 있는 냉각수 등이다. 이들 측정대상에 대한 방사선량율과 표면오염도, 핵종 등을 측정, 분석 및 평가하였다. 또한 전산코드 Fispin을 사용하여 원자로 수조내의 주요 방사화 물질에 대한 방사능양과 핵종을 평가하였다. 본 평가 결과는 해체계획서 작성시 기본자료로서 유용하게 사용되었다. Residual radiation and radioactivity level in TRIGA Mark-Ⅱ, Ⅲ research reactors and facilities at the KAERI Seoul site, which are to ve decommissioned, have been measured, analyzed and evaluated to know the current status of radiation and radioactivity level and to establish and to provide the technical requirements for the safe edcommissioning of the facilities which shall be applied in minimizing the radiation exposure for workers and in preventing the release of the radioactive materials to teh environment. Radiation dose rate and surface radioactivity contamination level on the experimental equipments, floors, walls of the facilities, and the surface of the activated materials within the reactor pool structrue were measured and evaluated. Radioactivity and radionuclides in the pool and cooling water were also analyzed. In case of the activated reactor pool structures which are very difficult to measure the radiation and radioactivity level, a computer code Fispin was additionally used for estimation of the residual radioactivity and radionuclides. The radiation and radioactivity data obtained in this study were effectively used as basic data for decontamination and radioactivity data obtained in this study were effectively used as basic data for decontamination and dismantling plan for safe decommissioning of TRIGA Mark-Ⅱ, Ⅲ facilities.
강웅기,정운수,김부혁 한국화학공학회 1969 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.7 No.3
The segregation of a larger and smaller particles in a gas solid fluidized bed packed with open ended screen cylinders was studied with Han River beach sand. The overall degree of segregation was defined as the difference in the weight percent of smaller particles between the samples of top and bottom of the bed, while the local degree of segregation was defined as the local weight percent of the smaller particles. The experiment was started after putting larger particles on the top of the smaller one. The local and the overall degree of segregations as a function of bed height were obtained for the various gas flow rates, sizes and times. As a result, the screen-cylinder packed fluidized bed could be effectively used for the particle segregation. Also, the higher bed height gave better segregation and the segregation was most effective at 1.4 times gas flow rate of the minimum fluidization.