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정영건,손동화,지원대,최웅규,김영주,Chung, Yung-Gun,Son, Dong-Hwa,Ji, Won-Dae,Choi, Ung-Kyu,Kim, Young-Joo 한국식품과학회 1999 한국식품과학회지 Vol.31 No.1
시금장 메주는 보리등겨를 도우넛형태로 반든 후 훈연하여 제조하는 것이 특징적이었으며 평균 발효기간은 약 60일에서 90일 정도였다. 호기성 세균수는 $6.8{\times}10^7\;cfu/g$으로 $3.2{\times}10^6\;cfu/g$인 혐기성 세균수에 비해 20배 가량 많았다. 효모와 곰팡이의 수는 각각 $1.0{\times}10^6\;cfu/g$와 $4.0{\times}10^5\;cfu/g$였다. 수분함량은 $10.5{\pm}2.6%$, 지방함량은 $2.9{\pm}1.1%$, 단백질과 회분은 각각 $8.3{\pm}0.7%$와 $3.8{\pm}0.7%$가 함유되어 있었다. pH는 $6.0{\pm}0.5$를 보였다. 색도는 명도가 $54.5{\pm}4.7$, 적색도는$+3.3{\pm}0.7$, 황색도는 $+10.7{\pm}2.0$으로 나타났다. 무기질 함량은 K가 $910.8{\pm}207.3\;mg%$로 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며, P > Mg> Ca > Na > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu의 순으로 많은 함량을 나타내었다. Ca과 P의 비는 0.1로 조사되었다. 유리당은 maltose를 포함하여 5종류가 검출되었다. 유리아미노산의 총 함량은 $1524.9{\pm}1295.3\;mg%$이었고 proline>valine>alanine>tyrosine>glutamic acid의 순이었다. 총 필수아미노산의 함량은 총 아미노산에 대해 $30.0{\pm}12.9%$로 비교적 많이 포함되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 주요 구성 지방산은 18 : 2, 18 : 1, 16 : 0이 전체의 93.7%를 차지하고 있었으며, 포화지방산은 $23.2{\pm}1.9%$, 단일 불포화 지방산은 $23.5{\pm}5.2%$ 정도를 차지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. PUFA/SFA는 $2.3{\pm,}0.3$으로 1보다 더 높게 나타났다. It is very distinctive that sigumjang meju was produced with smoking after molding. Every shapes of traditional sigumjang meju gathered from Kyeongsangbukdo were doughnut types. Fermentation time were $60{\sim}90$ days. Aerobic bacteria were $6.8{\times}10^7\;cfu/g$, and anaerobic bacteria, yeasts, molds count $3.2{\times}10^6\;cfu/g,\;1.0{\times}10^6\;cfu/g\;and\;4.0{\times}10^6\;cfu/g$, respectively. Analysis showed: moisture content, $10.5{\pm}2.6%$; fat content, $2.9{\pm}1.1%$; protein content, $8.3{\pm}0.7%$; ash content, $3.8{\pm}0.7%$; pH, $6.0{\pm}0.5$; L-value, $54.5{\pm}4.7$; a-value, $+3.3{\pm}0.7$; and b-value, $+10.7{\pm}2.0$. K content was the most in quantity among the minerals in sigumjang meju. Maltose was most abundant component among the tested sugars followed by mannitol. Total content of amino acid was $1524.9{\pm}1295.3\;mg%$. Proline was the most abundant component among the amino acids. The ratio of essential amino acid was $30.0{\pm}12.9%$. The principal fatty acids were 18:2, 18:1 and 16:0. Saturated fatty acid and mono unsaturated fatty acid were $23.2{\pm}1.9%\;and\;23.5{\pm}5.2%$, respectively. The PUFA/SFA was $2.3{\pm,}0.3$ which higher than 1.
지원대,정민선,최웅규,최동환,정영건 ( Won Dae Ji,Min Seon Jeong,Ung Kyu Choi,Dong Hwan Choi,Yung Gun Chung ) 한국응용생명화학회 1998 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.41 No.1
In order to investigate antimicrobial substances from natural spices, the effects of garlic juice and ginger juice on the growth of microorganisms were investigated. It was showned that garlic juice inhibited the growth of bacteria, yeasts and fungi but ginger juice did not inhibit the growth of bacteria and yeasts. As result of concentration effect of garlic juice on the growth of microorganisms, the higher concentration of garlic juice was employed, the more growth inhibition was obtained. Comparing the specific growth rate at various concentration of garlic juice, the inhibition effect on yeast appeared much higher than that on bacteria.
지원대,정민선,정현채,이숙정,정영건,Ji, Won-Dae,Jeong, Min-Seon,Chung, Hyun-Chae,Lee, Suk-Jeong,Chung, Yung-Gun 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.44 No.4
향신료 중에서 항균성 물질을 분리 정제하고, 그 저해 양상 및 작용 기구를 규명하고자 하는 연구의 일환으로 대표적인 향신료인 마늘과 생강을 대상으로 하여 각종 용매로 추출한 추출물의 항균성을 확인하는 한편, 이들의 증류 성분을 추출, 분리, 동정하였다. 마늘의 각종 추출물은 대체로 Gram 양성균보다는 Gram 음성균에 강한 항균성을 나타내었고, 효모에 대해서도 매우 강한 항균성을 보였는데, 추출에 사용된 용매 중에는 에테르를 사용한 추출물에서 비교적 강한 항균성을 나타내었다. 생강의 경우도 항균성 물질은 에테르를 용매로 사용할 때 세균에 대한 항균 효과를 기대할 수 있었다. 마늘과 생강의 증류 성분을 SDE장치를 사용하여 추출하고, 이를 GC/MSD와 Kovat's retention index로 분석한 결과, 각각 13종과 21종이 동정되었다. 마늘에는 함황화합물이 가장 많은 종을 차지하였고, 생강에는 탄수화물이 가장 많은 종을 차지하였다. 마늘의 특징적 방향에 기여하는 성분으로는 di-2-propenyl disulfide, methyl 2-propenyl disulfide, 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiirane 및 3,3'-thiobis-1-propene이었고, 생강의 특징적 방향에 기여하는 성분으로는 ${\alpha}-zingibirene$, ${\beta}-phellandrene$, ${\beta}-sesquiphellandrene$ 및 camphene이었다. In order to investigate the possible use of spices as natural preservatives) antimicrobial activities of garlic and ginger, representative spices, were examinated. Distilled components of garlic and ginger were also analyzed. Each extract of garlic was more suppressive on the growth of Gram negative bacteria than that of Gram positive bacteria. Extracts of garlic were showed effective suppressions on the growth of yeasts. Of the extracts of garlic, ether extract was highest among antimicrobial activities. In the case of ginger, ether extract of ginger was effective for growth inhibition of tested bacteria. Distilled components of garlic and ginger were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation extraction apparatus. The concentrates were analyzed with GC/MSD and Kovat's retention index and identified 13 components and 21 components respectively. Distilled components of garlic and ginger were full of sulfur compounds and hydrocarbons, respectively. di-2-Propenyl disulfide, methyl 2-propenyl disulfide, 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiirane and 3,3'-thiobis-1-propene were major principal aroma compounds in garlic. ${\alpha}-zingibirene$, ${\beta}-phellandrene$, ${\beta}-sesquiphellandrene$ and camphene were major principal compounds in ginger.
지원대,정민선,정현채,이숙정,정영건 ( Won Dae Ji,Min Seon Jeong,Hyun Chae Chung,Suk Jeong Lee,Yung Gun Chung ) 한국응용생명화학회 1997 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.40 No.6
In order to investigate the possible use of spices as natural preservatives) antimicrobial activities of garlic and ginger, representative spices, were examinated. Distilled components of garlic and ginger were also analyzed. Each extract of garlic was more suppressive on the growth of Gram negative bacteria than that of Gram positive bacteria. Extracts of garlic were showed effective suppressions on the growth of yeasts. Of the extracts of garlic, ether extract was highest among antimicrobial activities. In the case of ginger, ether extract of ginger was effective for growth inhibition of tested bacteria. Distilled components of garlic and ginger were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation extraction apparatus. The concentrates were analyzed with GC/MSD and Kovat`s retention index and identified 13 components and 21 components respectively. Distilled components of garlic and ginger were full of sulfur compounds and hydrocarbons, respectively. di-2-Propenyl disulfide, methyl 2-propenyl disulfide, 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiirane and 3,3¹-thiobis-1-propene were major principal aroma compounds in garlic. α-Zingibirene, β-phellandrene, β-sesquiphellandrene and camphene were major principal compounds in ginger.