Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of DA-9601 versus Its New Formulation, DA-5204, in Patients with Gastritis: Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Non-Inferiority Study

Choi, Yoon Jin,Lee, Dong Ho,Choi, Myung-Gyu,Lee, Sung Joon,Kim, Sung Kook,Song, Geun Am,Rhee, Poong-Lyul,Jung, Hwoon-Yong,Kang, Dae-Hwan,Lee, Yong Chan,Lee, Si Hyung,Choi, Suck Chei,Shim, Ki-Nam,Seol, KOREAN ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2017 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.32 No.11

<P>This study compared the efficacy of DA-9601 (Dong-A ST Co., Seoul, Korea) and its new formulation, DA-5204 (Dong-A ST Co.), for treating erosive gastritis. This phase III, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, non-inferiority trial randomly assigned 434 patients with endoscopically proven gastric mucosal erosions into two groups: DA-9601 3 times daily or DA-5,204 twice daily for 2 weeks. The final analysis included 421 patients (DA-5204, 209; DA-9601, 212). The primary endpoint (rate of effective gastric erosion healing) and secondary endpoints (cure rate of endoscopic erosion and gastrointestinal [GI] symptom relief) were assessed using endoscopy after the treatment. Drug-related adverse events (AEs), including GI symptoms, were also compared. At week 2, gastric healing rates with DA-5204 and DA-9601 were 42.1% (88/209) and 42.5% (90/212), respectively. The difference between the groups was −0.4% (95% confidence interval, −9.8% to 9.1%), which was above the non-inferiority margin of −14%. The cure rate of gastric erosion in both groups was 37.3%. The improvement rates of GI symptoms with DA-5204 and DA-9601 were 40.4% and 40.8%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in both secondary endpoints. AEs were reported in 18 (8.4%) patients in the DA-5204 group and 19 (8.8%) in the DA-9601 group. Rates of AE were not different between the two groups. No serious AE or adverse drug reaction (ADR) occurred. These results demonstrate the non-inferiority of DA-5204 compared to DA-9601. DA-5204 is as effective as DA-9601 in the treatment of erosive gastritis. Registered randomized clinical trial at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02282670)</P>

P164 : A clinical and statistical study of cutaneous premalignant lesions in Busan city and the eastern Gyeongnam province over 19 years

( Seung Hwan Choi ),( Seung Min Ha ),( Dong Yeob Ko ),( Ki Ho Kim ),( Ki Hoon Song ) 대한피부과학회 2014 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.66 No.2

Background: Premalignant lesions has recently continuously increased in Koreans. However, there has been little research into the distribution and incidence of cutaneous premalignant lesions in the south-eastern part of korea Objectives: To analyze recent trends in incidence and clinical patterns of cutaneous premalignant lesions in Busan city and the eastern Gyeongnam province Methods: We reviewed 1,292 cases (3,651 lesions) of cutaneous premalignant lesions that include actinic keratosis (AK) and bowen’s disease (BD) at the Department of Dermatology in Dong-A University Hospital Results: The average annual incidence of cutaneous premalignant lesions among total outpatients was 1.82% and has continuously increased from 0.70% to 4.25% over the last 19 years. The most common cutaneous premalignant lesionwas AK (75.85%), followed by BD (24.15%). The mean age of onset was 68.76 years. A major skin cancer was found in 15.79% of patients with cutaneous premalignant lesions, including SCC (11.54%), BCC (6.09%), and malignant melanoma (0.64%). Additionally, 59.13% of the patients had a single lesion, while 40.87% had multiple lesions. Age, occupation-related exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and a past history of skin cancer were higher in the patients with multiple lesions than single lesion Conclusion: The incidence of cutaneous premalignant lesions has gradually increased in Busan city and the eastern Gyeongnam Province, which was relatively higher than incidence in other areas

무역자유화의 경제적 효과 : CGE 모형과 FCGE 모형을 이용한 비교 분석 A Comparative Analysis using CGE and FCGE Models

崔煥,申東天 한국국제경제학회 2004 국제경제연구 Vol.10 No.2

많은 연구자들은 관세철폐와 같은 무역자유화의 경제적 효과를 단지 실물부문만을 고려한 CGE(computable general equilibrium) 모형을 이용하여 계측하였다. 하지만 현실적으로 일국의 국민경제는 실물부문과 금융부문이 상호 연계되어 있다. 따라서 금융부문이 고려되지 않은 실물 CGE 모형을 이용한 분석에서는 관세철폐의 경제적 효과를 과소 혹은 과대평가 할 가능성이 있다. 금융연산균형(financial CGE: FCGE) 모형은 실물 CGE 모형에 금융부문을 포함시켜 실물부문과 금융부문 간의 상호작용을 명시적으로 고려할 수 있는 계산 모형이다. 본 논문에서는 무역자유화 -관세철폐-의 경제적 효과를 FCGE 모형을 이용하여 계측하고, 그 분석결과를 실물 CGE 모형을 이용한 분석결과와 비교하였다. 분석결과에 따르면, 관세철폐는 총수입과 총수출을 증가시킨 반면, 총산출을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. CGE 분석의 경우 물가수준은 환율의 고정성 가정 하에서 하락하는 것으로 나타난 반면, FCGE 분석의 경우 물가수준은 환율의 신축성 가정 하에서 상승하는 것으로 나타났다. 결과적으로 실질 GDP는 두 경우 모두 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 FCGE 분석의 경우 실질 GDP 증가율이 CGE 분석의 경우 실질 GDP증가율보다 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 동등변동으로 측정된 사회후생수준은 CGE 분석의 경우 증가하는 것으로 나타난 반면 FCGE 분석의 경우 감소하는 것으로 나타났다 이러한 분석결과는 CGE 모형을 이용한 기존의 연구들이 관세철폐와 같은 무역자유화의 경제적 효과를 과대평가 했을 가능성이 있음을 시사한다. Many researchers have evaluated the economic effects of trade liberalization such as the tariff abolition by using a CGE(computable general equilibrium) model with only real sector. However, the national economy consists of both real and financial sectors which are interlinked. There is a possibility to under - or over - estimate the economic effects of the tariff abolition in an analysis utilizing a CGE model without financial sector. A real CGE model can be extended to a FCGE(financial CGE) model by adding the financial sector to it and this extension enables us to consider the interaction of the real and financial sectors explicitly. This paper evaluated the economic effects of trade liberalization - the tariff abolition - by using a FCGE model and compared the result with that of the CGE analysis without financial sector. The simulation results show that the tariff reduction increases both aggregate import and export while decreasing aggregate output. Also, the level of price index in the CGE analysis falls under the fixed exchange rate, but the level of price index and exchange rate in FCGE analysis rise under the flexible exchange rate. Consequently, real GDP in-creases in both CGE and FCGE analyses, but the rate of increase in real GDP in the FCGE analysis is less than the rate of increase in real GDP in the CGE analysis. Also, the level of social welfare evaluated by equivalent variation increases in the CGE analysis while it decreases in the FCGE analysis. This suggests that the established results obtained by a real CGE analysis might overestimate the economic effects of trade liberalization such as the tariff abolition.

한약수치에 관한 연구(제 9보) : 炒甘草 제법의 표준화 및 규격화(1) Preparing Standardization and Regulation of Stir-Frying Glycyrrhzia root(1)

최혁재,이우정,박성환,송보완,김동현,김남재 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

In this study, We carried out the preparing standardization and regulation of processed Glycyrrhizae Radix(PGR) which have been widely used in oriental medicines. Glycyrrhizae Radix(GR) have been generally prepared by the stir-frying, or mix-frying with honey for purpose of decreasing sweetness and augmenting vitality. Firstly, we tried to standardize PGR prepared by the stir-frying. We purchased 14 kinds of PGR and non-processed GR(NPGR) at oriental physician's offices and oriental pharmacies on a nation scale, respectively. The amounts of dry on loss, water extract, diluted ethanol extract, ether extract, total ash, acid insoluble ash, glycyrrhizin(GL), glycyrrhetic acid(GA) and liquiritin(LQ) of them were examined. The amounts of dray on loss, GL and LQ in commercial PGRs showed remarkable decrease, while GA showed increase as compared with NPGR. In order to standardize preparing method of PGR, the effect of heating time on physico-chemical parameters and biological activities were examined. Physico-chemical parameters such as dry on loss, extract amount, GL and LQ contents in PGRs showed decrease, however, GA was increased with heating time as compared with NPGR. Also, GA obtained form heat-treated GR, was found as an artifact in PGRs. PGR was more effective than NPGR in vitro test of DPPH scavenging effect and TBA-Rs reducing effect. PGR and NPGR showed potent hepatoprotective effect on CCl_(1)-intoxicated rats. Especially, PGR prepared by 80 min of heating was the most effective. Considering these results, the optimal condition for PGR preparation was 150℃ for 80min.

말초동맥질환에 있어서 혈장 호모시스테인 농도의 의미

최동현,이상목,고석환,홍성화,오수명,윤충,박호철 대한혈관외과학회 2004 Vascular Specialist International Vol.20 No.1

영어 및 한국어번역 문학작품에 나타나는 문체 복합도 비교

최진숙,안동환 새한영어영문학회 2008 새한영어영문학 Vol.50 No.3

The purpose of this research is to compare the style complexity in the English literary texts and their corresponding Korean translations in terms of the munber of words and sentences, and the three style indices proposed by Cook(l969l. The three style indices are based on the clause analysis technique proposed by Cook(l969): they are the average sentence length (ASL), the average block length (ABL) and the average clause depth (ACD). The ASL, which provides the average number of information units the author is asking us to process with each sentence, is calculated by dividing the total number of clauses by the total number of sentences. The ABL, which measures the amount of information that we process for each information block, is calculated by dividing the number of clauses by the number of main clauses. The ACD, which indicates the additional processing time required on the average for each clause in the text, is calculated by dividing the number of clauses into the total value of clauses. The total value of texts are calculated by multiplying the number of A clauses by 1, the number of B clauses by 2 and so on. The index of ACD indicates the additional processing time which is required on the average for each clause in the text. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows: (l) In Korean translations, the number of total words is decreased 24.6%, whereas that of total sentences is increased 31.3%. (2) The ASL is higher in English literary texts, but the ABL and ACD are higher in Korean translations. This is partly because the total number of sentences is increased in Korean translations and partly because one predicate in English original texts translates into one more predicates in Korean translations. Consequently the embedding clauses are increased. (3) The correlations turned out to be statistically significant in the three kinds of style indices. The correlation coefficients of ASL, ABL, and ACD indices between English literary texts and their Korean translations show 0.83, 0.57, and 0.71, respectively. However, the correlation of ASL in Korean and ABL in English did not turn out to be statistically significant. In short, the findings of this study indicate that ABL and ACD indices could measure the style complexity in Korean in the almost same way as in English. Although there are many problems in analyzing Korean texts using Cook(l969)' s clause analysis technique, there are statistically significant correlations in three kinds of style indices between English and Korean.

초기상담과 심리 검사

최동옥,김재환 漢陽大學校 學生生活硏究所 1990 大學生活硏究 Vol.8 No.-

자기평가체형에 따른 사회적 체형불안과 신체적 자기개념

최영준,이동환,오갑진 한국스포츠심리학회 2003 한국스포츠심리학회지 Vol.14 No.4

본 연구는 자기평가체형이 사회적 체형불안과 신체적 자기개념에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 분석하는데 그 목적이 있다. 구체적인 방법으로는 남·여 중학생 332명(남: 173명, 여:159명)을 대상으로 자신의 체형을 너무마름, 약간마름, 보통, 약간살찜, 너무살찜으로 평가한 집단간 사회적 체형불만(Social Physique Anxiety Scale, SPAS)과의 관계를 이원 단일변량분산분석(two way ANOVA)을 통해 알아보았고, 신체적 자기개념(Physical Self-Description Questionnaire, PSDQ)의 하위요인간의 관계를 알아보기 위해 이원 다변량분산분석(two way MANOVA)을 통해 알아보았다. 그리고 사회적 체형불안과 신체적 자기개념의 하위요인간의 상관관계를 알아보았다. 비교결과, 사회적 체형불안은 성별에 있어서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 자기체형 인식에 따라서는 보통이라고 평가한 집단이 가장 낮고, 너무 살찜이라고 평가한 집단이 가장 높게 나타났다. 신체적 자기개념에서는 남학생이 신체활동, 건강, 지구력, 스포츠유능감 요인에서 여학생보다 높게 나타났고, 자기체형 인식에 따른 집단간에는 보통과 약간 마름의로 평가한 집단에서 체지방, 외모, 건강, 자기존중, 유연성, 지구력, 신체전반의 7개 요인에서 가장 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 마지막으로, 남학생과 여학생 모두 체지방과 자기존중에서 사회적 체형불안과 높은 상관관계가 발견되었고, 여학생에게서 더 높은 상관관계가 나타났다. 이외에도 여학생은 스포츠유능감요인과 지구력요인에서도 사회적 체형불안과 유의한 관계가 있다는 것이 발견되었다. 결론적으로, 자기체형을 어떻게 인식하고 있느냐에 따라 신체적 자기개념의 각 하위 구성요인에 차이가 난다는 것을 보여주고 있고, 사회적 체형불안과 신체적 자기개념과의 상관관계를 설명하는데 있어서 남학생보다는 여학생에게서 더 높은 관계를 나타내고 있다는 것을 시사하고 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the Social Physique Anxiety scale(SPAS) and the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire(PSDQ) among Lean Group, Slim Group, Normal Group, Fattish Group, and Fatty Group of 332 middle school students by the Korean Versions of the SPAS and the PSDQ. The results are as follows; On the Social Physique Anxiety, there was a significant difference with the main effect of Group(p< .05). Normal Group was lower than any other group and Fatty Group was higher than all the other groups. There was not a significant difference with the main effect of Gender. On the Physical Self-Description. boys were higher than girls in the scores of self-perceptions of physical activity, health, endurance, and sports competence. And Lean and Normal Groups were higher than the other Groups in the scores of self-perceptions of body fat, attractiveness, health, self esteem, flexibility, endurance, and global physical. Finally, body fat and self esteem showed high negative correlation coefficients with social physique anxiety for both boys and girls.

인접건물에 의한 반사주광 성능에 대한 평가

최원기,이동권,안명환,서승직 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.20 No.6

This paper is focused on evaluation of daylight reflecting performance from the adjacent building for improvement of poor environment conditions in a metropolitan area. The numerical model developed can be used for evaluation of daylight reflecting performance. As a result comparison of our simulation programs and commercial softwares, it was verified that there was no difference between two results. In this study, the sensitivity analysis of environmental performance factors of daylight reflecting from the adjacent building were examined, analysed and presented as a solution method for improvement of building environments. The results were proved to be an effective control methods for improvement of building environment, especially in a metropolitan area.

인공효소 8-azaflavin이 기질과의 반응성

최종정,이용희,이동환 한국공업화학회 2004 응용화학 Vol.8 No.2

8-azaflavin was synthesized by condensation of 4-amino-3-N-methylamino pyridune and N-methylalloxane. An oxidation-active flavin mimic contributed substantially to flavin chemistry in model systems. One of the ways of exploting oxidation-active flavin mimics could be by introducing electron-withdrawing groups into the isoalloxazine ring thus providing an electron dificient flavin. We report that 8-azaflavin show remarkably high oxidizing activities for the oxidations of N-benzyl-1,4-dihydronicotinamide(BNAH) and nitroalkanes in aqueous solution.