명청시기(明淸時期) 소아추나(小兒推拿)에 관(關)한 문헌적(文獻的) 고찰(考察)

정국훈,이송실,백진웅,이상재,김광호,Ding Guo-Xun,Lee Song-Shil,Baek Jin-Woong,Lee Sang-Jae,Kim Kwang-Ho 대한예방한의학회 2004 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.8 No.2

Bibliographic study on pediatric Chuna in the Myung Chung dynasties resulted as the following. 1. Pediatric Chuna experts in Myung dynasty utilized methods of Chuna to a great extense as means of preventing and treating various kinds of pediatric disorders. 2. Pediatric Chuna experts in Myung dynasty put emphasis on diagnosis through the doctor's inspection. 3. Pediatric Chuna experts in Myung dynasty developed and applied special acupoints for pediatric Chuna. 4. Pediatric Chuna experts in Myung dynasty put emphasis on replenishing and discharging according to hand manipulation. 5. Pediatric Chuna experts in Myung dynasty developed and applied methods of massaging with herbal medicine. 6. Pediatric Chuna experts in Myung dynasty put methods of Chuna into songs for handier use. 7. Pediatric Chuna experts in Chung dynasty corrected the errors of the predecessors and further developed the handed down advantages. 8. Pediatric Chuna experts in Chung dynasty specifically combined the theories of Chuna with characteristics of pediatric physiology. 9. Pediatric Chuna experts in Chung dynasty described treatments by symptoms systematically. 10. Pediatric Chuna experts in Chung dynasty, criticizing the trend at the time of despising pediatric Chuna, endeavored to spread pediatric Chuna. 11. Pediatric Chuna experts in Chung dynasty arranged the relationship between hand manipulation of Chuna and herbal medicine. 12. Pediatric Chuna experts in Chung dynasty arranged various kinds of methods for diagnosis, including diagnosis by palpation of the chest and the abdomen. 13. Pediatric Chuna experts in Chung dynasty combined the method of multiple hand manipulation and method of basic hand manipulation. 14. The theories of pediatric Chuna before Myung Chung dynasties only put emphasis on Ki and Blood, not combining with the basic principles of Korean medicine like Eum/Yang and Five Phases. The scholars of Myung Chung dynasties came to successfully combine the principles of Korean medicine like stability theory, Jang and Bu (internal organs) theory, and Eum-Yang theory with the theories of pediatric Chuna. This combination best characterizes the theories of pediatric Chuna in the Myung Chung dynasties.

하수오(何首烏)가 식이성(食餌性) 고지혈증(高脂血症) 흰쥐의 혈청지질(血淸脂質)에 미치는 영향(影響)

강종일,정국훈,김광호,고성규,Kang, Jong-Il,Ding, Guo-Xun,Kim, Kwang-Ho,Ko, Seong-Gyu 대한예방한의학회 2005 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Polygonum multiflorum THUNB(何首烏) on decresing concentration of serum lipid which are triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol. Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive(TBARS) in high cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia rats. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, Normal group (supplied enough water and feeds only, Normal Group), high fat diet administered group(AIN-76 high fat diet #100496 used beef tallow for 4 weeks, Control Group) and Polygonum multiflorum THUNB(何首烏). administered group(AIN-76 high fat diet #100496 used beef tallow and Polygonum multiflorum THUNB(何首烏) extracts 85.0mg/200g 1time/day for 4 weeks, HSO Group). Rats were sacrificed and concentration of triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, TBARS were measured in rat's serum lipid. Results : There was no significant difference in the level of weigh between Control and HSO Group.(by Duncan test) Concentration of Total lipid has no significant difference in each group. (F=0.702, p=0.511, ANOVA test) Concentration of triglyceride has no significant difference in each group. (F=0.727, p=0.500, ANOVA test) Concentration of LDL-cholesterol was significantly different in each group.(F=.9.894. p=0.002, ANOVA test) It was significantly increased in the Control group compared with the Normal group and it significantly decreased in the HSO group compared with the Control group. Concentration of HDL-cholesterol has no significant difference in each group. (F=1.079, p=0.365, ANOVA test) TBARS values(Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances) were significantly different in each group.(F=15.580, p=0.0001, ANOVA test) It was significantly increased in the Control group compared with the Normal group and significantly decreased in HSO group compared with the Control group. Conclusions : According to the above results, it is considered that Polygonum multiflorum THUNB(何首烏) is effective in decreasing concentration of serum lipid in high cholesterol diet induced hyperlipidemia rats.

오자연종환(五子衍宗丸)이 노화유발(老化誘發) 흰주의 항산화능(抗酸化能)에 미치는 영향(影響)

김기홍,정국훈,김광호,고성규,Kim, Ki-Hong,Ding, Guo-Xun,Kim, Kwang-Ho,Ko, Seong-Gyu 대한예방한의학회 2005 대한예방한의학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Objectives : Ojayeonjonghwan(五子衍宗丸) is composed of Polygonum multiflorum THUNB, and some medical herbs that are known as formula of senescence delay effects. The purpose of this study is to investigate th effect of Ojayeonjonghwan on antioxidant enzyme activities, such as Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS), Superoxide dismutase(SOD), Catalase(CAT), Glutathione preoxidase (GSH-px) in rat erythrocytes and blood plasma. Methods : Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, Normal group (supplied enough water and feeds only, Normal Group), D-galatose administered group(injected D-galatose 50mg/kg, 1time/day for 6 weeks, Control Group) and Ojayeonjonghwan administered group (D-galactose 50mg/kg and Ojayeonjonghwan extracts 245.0mg/200g 1time/day for 6 weeks, OJY Group). Rats were sacrificed and TBARS, SOD, CAT, GSH-px, Plasma total lipid, Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol were measured in rat erythrocytes and blood plasma. Results : TBARS in plasma concentration of OJY group was significantly lower than that of control group. Red blood cell(RBC) SOD activity of OJY group was significantly higher than that of control group(F=16.057, p=0.0001, ANOVA test), RBC GSH-px activity of OJY group was increased(F=4.271, p=0.034, ANOVA test). RBC catalase activities of all experimental group were not significantly different. Total lipid and triglyceride concentration in plasma of all experimental groups were not significantly different. Total cholesterol concentrations in plasma of OJY group were significantly lower than those of control group(F=4.387, p=0.032, ANOVA test). Conclusions : According to the above results, it is considered that Ojayeonjonghwan is effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation and increasing antioxidative enzyme activities in D-galactose induced aging rat.

Study of the Immobilization of Candida rugosa Lipase for Fat Splitting in Reverse - phase System

이준식,강성태,정국훈 한국균학회 1987 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.15 No.2

For the effective enzymatic hydrolysis of olive oil, the potential of reverse-phase as new reaction system was tried. Lipase was immobilized by adsorption in macroporous organic synthetic resin, Amberlite XAD-7, and the catalytic reaction of immobilized lipase was performed on a reverse-phase system which was composed of water-insoluble substrates and immobilized enzyme dispersed in the nonpolar solvents. The optimum conditions for lipase immobilization such as immobilization times and amount of enzyme to be attached to the resin were investigated. Isooctane was found to be the most effective organic solvent of the nine types of organic solvents tested for the hydrolysis of olive oil. The immobilized enzyme did not obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics and optimal temperature and pH of reaction were 35℃ and pH 6.0, respectively. The enzyme reaction rate was affected by stirring rates. Batch hydrolysis of olive oil by lipase in reverse-phase has been also carried out. Olive oil(10%, v/v) can be completely hydrolyzed within 5hr.

모르티에렐라(Mortierella)속 유래 단세포유지로부터 추출한 지방질의 탈색

김선기(Sun-Ki Kim),정국훈(Guk-Hoon Chung),한정준(Jeong-Jun Han),조상우(Sang Woo Cho),윤석후(Suk Hoo Yoon) 한국식품과학회 2015 한국식품과학회지 Vol.47 No.3

아라키돈산을 고농도로 함유한 유지를 생산하는 Mortierella sp. M-12로부터 얻은 균체 지방질을 식용에 적합하도록 정제하기 위하여 탈색 공정을 최적화하였다. 동결건조한 균체로부터 Folch’s solvent를 사용하여 균체 지방질 조유를 얻은 후 탈검과 탈산을 거쳐 얻은 탈산유를 50-100 ㎜Hg 진공 하에서 탈색을 진행하였다. 활성백토를 1% 수준으로 첨가하여 90℃에서 20분간 수행하였을 때 식용유지 규격에 적합한 색상을 갖는 탈색유를 얻을 수 있었다. 탈색 공정 중에 부수적으로 일어난 탈검과 탈산 작용으로 인하여 탈색유의 인 함량은 31.7% 감소하였으며, 산값은 0.5로 감소하여 식용유지의 규격에 적합한 수준이 되었다. 모르티에렐라 단세포유지는 일반적인 유지의 탈색공정을 통하여 식용급 동식물 유지와 같은 수준의 탈색유를 얻을 수 있었다. The deacidified oil obtained from the oleaginous fungus, Mortierella sp. (M-12) was bleached, after degumming, using activated clay under a 50-100 mmHg vacuum. The bleaching conditions were partially optimized as follows: activated clay, 1%, bleaching temperature 90oC, and treatment time 20 min. After bleaching, the color of bleached oil as determined by the Lovibond Tintometer, satisfied the specification for edible fats and oils. The bleaching process also decreased the contents of free fatty acids and phosphorus in the deacidified oil. The acid value of the bleached oil also satisfied the specification for edible fats and oils. It was early shown that the normal bleaching process can be used for the bleaching of heavily-colored microbial lipids for human consumption.

역상계에서 고정화 리파제를 이용한 올리브유의 가수분해

정석진,권석준,이흠숙,정국훈,강성태 서울産業大學校 1995 논문집 Vol.42 No.1

As a new reaction system for the production of free fatty acids, reverse phase system was developed. Immobilized lipase which is containing available water for lipid hydrolysis in gel particles could be well dispersed in the continuous solvent phase containing olive oil of high concentration. Among investigated supports that can be uniformly dispersed in continuouse organic solvent phase, Sephadex LH-60 was selected as the proper support on the basis of immobilized lipase activity, the degree of adsorption of lipase, and water content in the gel available for the production of free fatty acids. The binding of lipase on the Sephadex LH-60 reached equilibrium after 2 h. Immobilization of lipase at high temperature and high salt concentration was not desirable for the production of free fatty acid by decreasing specific activity of lipase in spite of high adsorption of lipase. Olive oil at high concentration could be effectively and completly hydrolyzed to free fatty acid by immobilized lipase in reverse phase system by consuming 43% water in the wet gel.

추출방법이 모르티에렐라(Mortierella)속 유래 단세포유지 지방질과 아라키돈산 추출 수율에 미치는 영향

김선기(Sun-Ki Kim),정국훈(Guk-Hoon Chung),한정준(Jeong-Jun Han),조상우(Sang Woo Cho),윤석후(Suk Hoo Yoon) 한국식품과학회 2015 한국식품과학회지 Vol.47 No.3

아라키돈산(AA)은 포유동물에 식품을 통해 섭취되는 필수지방산으로써 동물조직에서 추출되어 이용되어 왔다. 경제적으로 AA를 생산하기 위하여 토양으로부터 AA를 다량으로 생산하는 모르티에렐라 종으로 확인된 M-12균주를 선발하였다. 균체로부터 지방질과 AA를 효율적으로 추출하기 위하여 전처리 공정, 공정순서, 추출 용매, 추출 방식, 입자 크기 등을 달리하여 추출 효율을 분석하였다. M-12를 GY배지로 25℃에서 7일 배양하여 동결건조한 시료를 사용하였을 때 지질방 중 47% 이상의 AA를 함유하고 있었다. 지방질 추출 효율은 균체의 젖은 상태와 건조 상태로 나눈 전처리 공정에 따라 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 클로로폼과 메탄올(2:1) 용액을 추출 용매로 사용하였을 때 가장 높은 추출율을 보였으며 헥세인이나 아이소헥세인도 우수한 추출 효율을 나타내었다. 균체를 분쇄하기 위하여 blending, ultrasonication, Ultra-turrex homogenization 등 기계적 분쇄방법을 사용하였으나 추출 효율은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 균체 입자가 고울수록 유지의 추출 효율은 높게 나타났고 추출 시간보다는 추출 시 입자크기가 추출 효율에 더 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 추출된 유지를 분획하여 지방산 조성을 분석한 결과 neutral lipids내에 AA의 함량이 65.3-68.9%로 가장 높게 나타났다. An oleaginous fungus was isolated from soil and identified as Mortierella sp. (M-12) for producing arachidonic acid (AA). Cell disruption methods, extraction methods, and particle sizes of freeze-dried biomass were tested to achieve maximum extraction of total lipids and AA. M-12 grown in glucose yeast media at 25℃ for 7 days contained 35.5% total lipid, and 47% of the total lipid was AA. Lipid extraction yield from wet biomass was shown to be similar to that in a dry state. Maximum lipid extraction was achieved using a mixture of chloroform and methanol (2:1) as an extraction solvent. Different mechanical cell disruption methods did not affect lipid extraction yields. The smaller the particle size of the biomass, the better the lipid extraction yield was observed. Particle size of biomass was shown to more strongly affect lipid extraction than extraction time. The highest AA content was observed in the class of neutral lipids.

Influence of Lysophosphatidylethanolamine on Reactive Oxygen Species, Ethylene Biosynthesis, and Auxin Action in Plant Tissue

Ji Heun Hong(홍지흔),Sung Kee Hwang(황성기),Guk Hoon Chung(정국훈) 한국원예학회 2008 원예과학기술지 Vol.26 No.3

Lysophosphatidylethanolamine(LPE)가 농업분야에 사용되고 있는 것에 비해 아직 작용기작에 대한 이해가 부족하다. 이 실험의 목적은 LPE의 작용기작을 살펴보고 상업적 이용 가능성을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위하여 LPE가 식물호르몬인 에틸렌과 옥신에 의해 조절되는 일련의 생리적 과정에 영향을 주는 지에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. LPE를 처리한 녹두의 조직으로부터 추출된 LPE를 이용한 Real time PCR 실험결과에서 옥신에 의해 촉진되는 것으로 알려진 ACS1과 ACS7이 발현되는 것을 알 수 있었다. LPE의 처리는 부정근 형성을 촉진하였으며 옥신과 유사한 효능을 보였다. LPE처리는 식물의 원형질체에서 ROS의 농도를 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과들로부터 LPE 작용은 옥신 및 에틸렌 같은 식물호르몬과 상호의존적이라고 추정된다. Despite several approved uses of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) in agriculture, the mode of action in which LPE benefits plants is not clear. To understand LPE action, we first examined the effects of LPE treatment on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in plant protoplast, since it has been suggested that intracellular ROS production is associated with the regulation of biosynthesis pathway of plant hormones such as auxin and ethylene. Our result revealed that LPE treatment increases the ROS production in plant cells, suggesting the possibility that LPE may modulate the hormone production in a ROS-mediated manner. In addition, monitoring of gene expression involved in ethylene biosynthesis showed that VR-ACS1 and VR-ACS7 genes expression were elevated by LPE treatment in mung bean hypocotyl segments. It indicates that LPE is closely involved in the induction of ethylene biosynthesis. Based on the bioassay results using auxin and the known interaction between auxin and ethylene, it is suggested that LPE action is entangled with auxin, ethylene, and auxin- and ethylene-dependent pathways.

Lysophosphatidylethanolamine(LPE) 처리가 고추의 착색촉진 및 Ethylene 발생에 미치는 영향

강충길(Chung-Kil Kang),김성은(Sung-Eun Kim),정국훈(Guk-Hoon Chung),Jiwan Paul Palta 한국원예학회 2000 원예과학기술지 Vol.18 No.5

[P2-211106] LPE 처리에 따른 ‘피크닉’ 사과의 수확 후 품질 특성

박지우(Ji Woo Park),홍지흔(Ji Heun Hong),정국훈(Guk Hoon Chung),류주현(Ju Hyun Ryu),권송(Song Kwon) 인간식물환경학회 2021 인간식물환경학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.추계