우리나라 산성강하물의 장기변동 특성 연구

장성기(Seong-Ki Jang),성민영(Min-Young Sung),신아윤(A-Youn Shin),최진수(Jin-Su Choi),손정석(Jung-Suk Son),안준영(Joon-Young Ahn),김종춘(Jong-Chun Kim),신은상(Eun-Sang Shin) 한국환경관리학회 2011 環境管理學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

This study is aimed at finding the characteristics of long-term trends in wet and dry deposition in Korea. NIER(National Institute of Environmental Research) has monitored major ion components of wet and dry deposition since 1999. The institute also has carried out researches in order to estimate the critical loads for ecosystem based on the collected data from 1999 to 2009. Sampling was conducted at 38 acid deposition monitoring sites and major ion components such as SO₄²?, Cl?, NO₃?, NH₄?, Na?, K?, Ca²? and Mg²? were analyzed by using ion chromatograph. The results helped find out changes in acid deposition for ten years(1999∼2009) in Korea. The data from 10 monitoring sites showed that average annual pH for the monitoring period was 5.1 with the maximum pH level of 6.2 in Imsil(2007) and its minimum level of 4.2 in Deajeon(2008). Of 10 monitoring sites, pH levels of Gwangju, Daejeon, Seoul, Taean and Gangwha have decreased and there was not much change of pH in rural areas. The total deposition of sulfur showed a decreasing trend of 1.44, 1.89, 2.02, 1.26, 1.33, 1.28 g/㎡ㆍyear from 2005 to 2010 while the total deposition of nitrogen was 1.29, 1.72, 2.58, 2.14, 2.49, 2.31 g/㎡ㆍyear during the same period showing an increasing trend. Sulfur concentration was lower in 2008 and 2009 compared to that of 2006 and 2007 and, in particular, the concentration monitored at Seoul was slightly higher than others. As for nitrogen, its concentration was observed to be high in some part of the Seoul Metropolitan Area(SMA) and low in 2009.

국내 전철 및 가전제품을 대상으로 한 전자장 수준 실태조사

장성기 ( Seong Ki Jang ),조용성 ( Yong Sung Cho ),이석조 ( Seok Jo Lee ),유승화 ( Seong Wha Yoo ),정경미 ( Kyung Mi Jung ),임준호 ( Jun Ho Lim ) 한국산업위생학회 2005 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.15 No.1

The purposes of this study was to collect, analyze, and describe the MF exposure levels from subways in Korea and to measure and evaluate the MF levels generated from electric appliances used at general homes. The target subway lines were Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 to Line 8, Bundang Line, Incheon Line, Daegu Line, Gwangju Line, and Busan Line 1 and Line 2. We measured at each station in those subway lines and, all the train types (pantograph-equipped, motor-equipped, and common), and platform types(facing and isolating) were investigated by the distance(80, 200, 400 cm) from the train on 19 targeted subway lines using 3 magnetic field measuring devices (EMDEX Ⅱ, Enertech Co.) during the survey from January till October, 2004. On the other hand, the levels of the 60Hz magnetic fields generated from 14 items of home electric appliances such as electric blankets, hair dryers, electric razors, etc. were measured at 10 general homes using 5 EMDEX Ⅱ meters with a sampling interval of 1.5 second by the distance(surface, 30, 50, 100, 300 cm) from the target electric appliances. The survey results in the whole subway lines examined in this study were as follows; Seoul Metropolitan Line 4 using AC(alternating current) power source showed the highest mean value of 2.85 μT, followed by Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 running between Seoul and Incheon using AC(2.78 μT), Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 between Seoul and Uijongbu using AC(2.73 μT), Bundang Line using AC(1.79 μT), Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 connected from Yongsan using AC(1.67 μT), Seoul Metropolitan Line 1 between Seoul and Suwon using AC(0.79 μT), and so on. In general, the intensity of the magnetic field in the subway systems in Korea was significantly higher when using AC(2.14±0.91 μT) than when using DC(0.29±0.44 μT) power source. Among the home electric appliances examined, microwave ovens showed the highest mean value of 7.69 μT, followed by hair dryers(6.47 μT), vacuum cleaners(5.27 μT), televisions (2.26 μT), electric blankets(1.38 μT), personal computers (0.81 μT), and so on. Two items of electric appliances showed the excess value of 0.2 μT at the distance of 30cm in the MF exposure level; electric razors 1.58±2.13 μT and vacuum cleaners 0.48±0.44 μT. As a whole, this study showed a tendency that the shift of the MF levels according to the increase of distance from the electric appliances was lower than those of the results surveyed in UK and USA. As a result, this study is expected to suggest meaningful data for the future study in exposure assessment of magnetic fields and for the establishment of guidelines for subways and electric appliances in Korea. More detailed and large scaled exposure assessment studies should be performed continuously to get the various and useful information on health risk assessment of MFs in Korea.

보육시설 실내공기 중 휘발성유기화합물(VOCs)의 계절적 농도변화에 대한 연구

장성기(Seong-Ki Jang),천재영(Jae-Young Chun),김성연(Sung-Youn Kim),박숙영(Suk-Young Park),류정민(Jung-Min Ryu),임정연(Jung-Yeon Lim),이우석(Woo-Suk Lee) 한국분석과학회 2007 분석과학 Vol.20 No.6

보육시설은 미취학전 아이들에게 중요한 실내 환경이며 하루 중 가장 많은 시간을 보내는 영유아들에 잠재적인 유해한 건강영향을 줄 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 2006년 2월에서 12월에 걸쳐 서울에 위치한 보육시설 29개 시설을 선정하여 실태조사를 하였다. 측정물질은 휘발성유기화합물 중 7개의 물질(벤젠, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, m, p-자일렌, 스틸렌, o-자일렌 및 TVOC)을 선정하였다. 보육시설에서의 TVOC, 톨루엔, m, p-자일렌, 에틸벤젠, 벤젠 그리고 스틸렌의 평균농도는 318.7 ㎍/㎥, 51.6 ㎍/㎥, 11.7 ㎍/㎥, 6.5 ㎍/㎥, 4.2 ㎍/㎥, 3.6 ㎍/㎥이고, 정성분석된 TVOC 중 톨루엔은 17.6%로 가장 많은 비중을 차지하였다. TVOC와 톨루엔의 실내/실외 농도비는 각각 2.0, 1.6으로 나타났다. TVOCs의 계절에 따른 오염물질의 특성결과는 여름이 433.9 ㎍/㎥로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 다른 계절은 겨울 280.5, 봄 298.3 및 가을 264.6 ㎍/㎥로 비슷한 경향으로 나타났다. Daycare centers are an important indoor environment for pre-school children and exposure area with potential harmful health effects for infants and children who spend most of their daily life. Sampling was undertaken at 29 daycare centers located Seoul in Korea from January, 2006 to December 2006. The target compounds were 7 individual volatile organic compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, styrene, o-xylene, TVOC). The mean concentrations of TVOC, toluene, m ,p-xylene, ethylbenzene, benzene and styrene in daycare centers were 318.7 ㎍/㎥, 51.6 ㎍/㎥, 11.7 ㎍/㎥, 6.5 ㎍/㎥, 4.2 ㎍/㎥, 3.6 ㎍/㎥, respectively. Toluene occupied 17.6 % of the concentration of individual VOCs. The ratio of indoor and outdoor (I/O) of TVOC and toluene were 2.0 and 1.6, respectively. The results of characteristics according to a season of a year, the concentration of TVOC were measured 433.9 ㎍/㎥, and these concentrations during third quarter of the year in summer were higher than the other season. In the other four seasons, TVOC were measured 280.5 in winter, 298.3 in spring and 264.6 ㎍/㎥ in fall, respectively.

항공관측 및 대기질 모델링을 활용한 장거리 이동물질 영향 연구

이성우(Sung-Woo Lee),최민혁(Min-Hyeok Choi),최진수(Jin-Su Choi),손정석(Jung-Suk Son),김성용(Sung-Yong Kim),장임석(Lim-Seok Chang),이성우(Sung-Woo Lee),김종춘(Jong-Chun Kim),반수진(Soo-Jin Ban),장성기(Seong-Ki Jang),황경철(Kyung-Chul 한국환경관리학회 2011 環境管理學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

This study was conducted as the Long-range Transboundary Air Pollutants (LTP) Project among Korea, Japan and China. The research aims to understand atmospheric environment in Northeast Asia as well as determine causes of air pollution in the region. It ultimately wants to provide scientific data for establishing air pollution reduction measures. To this end, several activities were performed including aircraft measurement, upper and synoptic atmosphere analysis, and modeling analysis. Aircraft measurement was carried out in 2010 during two intensive measurement periods in vertical and zonal paths. The first measurement period was between May 15~25 for 7 times, and the second one was November 15~22 for 8 times. The highest pollutants concentration was observed in 20 May 2010. On this day, the mean concentration of SO₂ was 5.56 ppb, CO was 0.23 ppm, O3 was 9.47ppb, NOx was 4.01 ppb, PAN was 1.37 ppb, and particle number was 194.968 N/㎤, higher than the other measurement days. The modeling result during the aircraft measurement was quite reliable as it was performed based on the 2006 INTEX-B emission data. In addition, high concentration events and tracts of air pollutant movement were well simulated in the model. But the modeling result also requires some further improvement as it tends to underestimate their absolute values.

송전선로 주변과 비주변 초등학생을 대상으로 극저주파 자기장 노출과 뇨중 성장 호르몬 분비량간의 상관성 연구

조용성(Yong-Sung Cho),김윤신(Yoon-Shin Kim),이종태(Jong-Tae Lee),최성호(Sung-Ho Choi),홍승철(Seung-Cheol Hong),장성기(Seong-Ki Jang) 한국실내환경학회 2005 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.2 No.1

본 연구는 송전선로 주변과 비 주변 초등학생을 대상으로 극저주파 자기장 노출량을 비교하고 극저주파 자기장 노출과 성장호르몬 분비량간의 상관성을 조사하기 위해 2003년 12월부터 2004년 4월까지 28명의 송전선로 주변 초등학생과 60명의 비 주변 초등학생을 대상으로 극저주파 자기장 24시간 개인노출량을 평가하였으며, 극저주파 자기장 노출 영향 지표로서 성장호르몬 분비량을 조사하였다. 본 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 송전선로 주변과 비 주변 초등학생의 일반적 특성을 조사하였는데, 가정내 체류시간과 수면시간 및 식습관 중 육류섭취와 전기장판 사용 현황에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았으나 학교생활 시간과 송전선로와 거주지까지의 거리 및 패스트푸드점 이용을 통한 식습관에서는 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 또한 가정내 전기제품 수에서도 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 신체지수량의 경우에는 송전선로 주변학생의 경우에는 평균 20.35㎏/㎡으로 정상범위를 나타내었으나 비 주변 거주 학생의 경우에는 평균 18.71㎏/㎡으로 다소 낮은 지수를 나타내었다. 극저주파 자기장 개인노출 수준을 24시간과 가정생활 및 학교생활별로 비교한 것으로서 24시간동안 송전선로 주변 학생의 경우에는 평균 0.365 μT의 높은 자기장 수준을 나타내었으며, 특히 학교생활의 경우에는 0.796μT로 매우 높은 자기장 수준을 나타내었다. 송전선로 비 주변 학생의 경우에는 주변학생에 비해 1/10 이하의 자기장 수준을 나타내었으며 특히 학교생활 중의 자기장 노출수준에서는 0.02μT로 주변 학생에 비해 약 1/40로 낮은 자기장 수준을 나타내었다. 성장호르몬과 극저주파 자기장 노출수준간의 상관성을 분석하였는데, 매우 낮은 역상관성을 나타내었다. 또한 성장호르몬 분비량에 영향을 줄 수 있는 요인별 차이를 평가하였는데, 송전선로 주변 초등학생의 성장호르몬 분비량은 0.88ng/g-cr으로 비 주변 초등학생의 성장호르몬 분비량 1.14ng/g-cr보다 통계적으로 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 한편, 송전선과 거주지까지의 거리가 100m 이내인 초등학생의 성장호르몬 분비량은 0.99ng/g-cr으로 100m 이상인 초등학생의 1.09ng/g-cr에 비해 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았으나 낮은 성장호르몬 분비량을 나타내었다(p>0.05). 본 연구에서는 극저주파 자기장 노출과 성장호르몬 분비량간의 음의 관련성이 나타났으나 분석상의 제한점으로 인해 향후 이에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요함을 제안할 수 있었다. The present study investigated the hypothesis that a extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) partially suppresses the synthesis of human growth hormone (HGH) in a group of 28 primary schoolchildren living nearby and 60 primary schoolchildren aged 12 years living far away from overhead transmission power lines from December 2003 to April 2004 in Seoul, Korea. The mean personal exposure levels of the primary schoolchildren living nearby overhead transmission power line were 0.37 μT, whereas the levels for the primary schoolchildren living away from overhead transmission power line was 0.05 μT. From simple analyses, the mean growth hormone levels in the primary schoolchildren living nearby were lower than away from overhead transmission power line, and statistically significant differences in the levels of the growth hormone (p = 0.0316), whereas not statistically significant differences in the levels of the growth hormone related to the distance from residence to power line less and more than 100 m by cut-off point (p = 0.4017). In conclusion, these results may indicate that urinary levels of nocturnal growth hormone are altered in primary schoolchildren exposed to extremely low frequency magnetic field at overhead transmission power line.

휴대폰 전자장 노출로 인한 뇌의 EEG와 BAEP 연구

조용성 ( Yong Sung Cho ),김윤신 ( Yoon Shin Kim ),장성기 ( Seong Ki Jang ),이종태 ( Jong Tae Lee ),홍승철 ( Seung Cheol Hong ),최성호 ( Sung Ho Choi ) 한국산업보건학회 2004 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.14 No.2

3 차원 전면 소음지도를 이용한 도시규모 소음노출인구 산정에 관한 연구

장은혜(Eun-Hye Jang),박상규(Sang-Kyu Park),장성기(Seong-Ki Jang),서충열(Chung-Youl Seo),이재원(Jae-Won Lee) 한국소음진동공학회 2010 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2010 No.4

정신박약아의 피문의 특징

김대광(Dae Kwang Kim),최인장(In Jang Choi),양경춘(Kyung Chun Yang),강복수(Pock Soo Kang),장성기(Sung Ki Chang) 대한체질인류학회 2002 해부·생물인류학 (Anat Biol Anthropol) Vol.15 No.1

간추림 정신박약아 115 명과 정상인 156 명을 대상으로 손가락과 손바닥 부분의 피문양상과 손바닥문, 손금을 비교 분석해 보았다. 전체적인 손가락 지문을 보면 정상 남자의 경우 소용돌이형이 50.7%, 여자에서는 자쪽고리 형이 51.3%, 정박아 남자의 경우 자쪽고리형이 51.9%, 정박아 여자의 경우 소용돌이명이 50.2% 다운증후군 남자에서는 자쪽고리형이 62.5%, 다운증후군 여자에서도 자쪽고리형이 70.6% 로 가장 높게 나타났다. 손가락 지문 능선수는 정상인 남녀 모두에서 첫째손가락에 각각 155개, 134개, 정박아 남녀에서는 첫째손가락에 각각 142개,148개로, 다운증후군 남자에서는 첫째손가락에 134개, 다운증후군 여자에서는 다섯째손가락에 89 개로 가장 많이 나타났다. (p<0.05) 총피부능선수는 정상 남자에서 146.8개, 정상 여자에서 130.6 개, 정박아 남자 135.2 개, 정박아 여자 143.8개, 다운증후군 남자 131.5개, 다운증후군 여자에서는 79.8 개호 나타났다. (p<0.05) 총교차점수 는 청상 남자 15.0 개 정상 여자 14.3 개 정박아 남자 11.6 개 정박아 여자 14.3 개, 다운증후군 남자에서는 12.2개, 다운증후군 여자에서는 116 개호 나타났다. (p<001) 지간문 피문양상에서 I₂ I₃ I₄ 에서의 자쪽고리형의 출현을 보면 정상 남녀의 경우 I₄ 에서 자쪽고리형이 높게 나타나는 반면, 다운증후군 남녀에서는 I₃ 에서 자쪽고리형이 높게 나타났다. 이상의 연구를 통하여 정신박약아와 다운증후문 환자의 지문이상이 염색제이상이나 다fms 요인에 의해 발생되는 갱신발달 장애를 평가하는 수단으로 이용되어 정신박약아의 예견과 진단에 도움이 될 수 있다고 생각된다.

Picric acid에 의한 지방족 아민류와 4급 암모늄 염류의 이온쌍 추출

김박광(Bak Kwang Kim),이종숙(Jong Sook Rhee),장성기(Sung Ki Jang),나운용(Woon Lyong Lah),옥치완(Chi Wan Jang) 대한약학회 1991 약학회지 Vol.35 No.3

Systematic study on the extraction of ion pair by the use of picric acid (PCA) as an ion pair forming reagent to the aliphatic amines has not be done by spectrophotometric method. The extraction of ion pair by the use of PCA and 23 kinds of the aliphatic amines was examined. The procedure is as follows; Elving''s buffer solution (pH 1.3-10, ionic strength 0.5) each amine solution, and PCA solution were taken into a test tube. The mixture was shaken mechanically with chlorform. The organic phase was filtered through a filter paper to remove water droplets. The absorbance was examined at lambdamax against a reagent blank. Primary and secondary whose carbon number were more than 7 or 6, respectively, are extractable as ion pairs with PCA, while tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium salts are also extractable without the correlation of carbon number. It was considered that the ion pair extraction of primary and secondary amines was affected by the number of carbon of amines, but its extraction of tertiary amines or quaternary ammonium salts was affected by kind of aliphatic amines rather than pKa values or carbon number of amines.

글로우방전을 이용한 가스크로마토그라프 검출기의 개발

김효진(Hyo Jin Kim),박일영(Il Young Park),장성기(Sung Ki Jang),김박광(Bak Kwang Kim),박만기(Man Ki Park) 대한약학회 1993 약학회지 Vol.37 No.1

The changes in discharge current, emission and/or oscillation frequency of the electric oscillation of a glow discharge are the potential sensitive measure of the concentration of an impurity in the argon plasma supporting gas. A single jet enhanced glow discharge has been interfaced with the gas chromatograph via 1/8" O.D. tube with a heating pad to study the changes in discharge current. To investigate the optimum operating conditions of the glow discharge system as detector for gas chromatography, pressure, gas flow rate, discharge current, distance between the anode and the cathode have been studied.