朝鮮時代 士大夫의 可居觀에 관한 硏究 : 曲流斷切地에 立地한 전통마을을 중심으로

임의제 한국정원학회 2002 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.20 No.3

This research is to study the influence and meaning of the characteristics of natural envitonment on choosing and managing the livable palce(可居地) in a traditional way, and also to exarnine landscpe characteristics of traditional villages for the meander cut-off area(曲流斷切地)located in a meander(曲流河川). This research studies the point of view for the livable place based on landscape and geographical features and the feature of meander cut-off area as a location of traditional dwelling through settlement process of high officials. The results of this study are as follows. First, village formation of family has a close relationship with the size of meander cut-off area. Second, in one family village(同性聚落), the main houses(宗宅, 齊室, 精舍, 書院) are located in the entrance of the village, which is neck(曲流頸部) of the meander cut-off area, and in two or more families village, the main houses are located with a considerable distance from meander core(曲流核) to both sides. Third, traditional villages are protected hardly their regions from visible invasion, but villages in the meander cut-off area have natural environment giving them stable dwelling location. Since the entrance of this area is very small, it is much easier to keep the territoriality. Fourth, main houses of a village in the meander cut-off area are usually located toward cut-off part, having a meaning of relative direction(相對向) rather than absolute direction(絶對向). Fifth, since the meander cut-off area is suitable for self-practicing country place with a great landscape, high officials give their attention to it.

의령 입산마을의 중층적 경관 특성

임의제,소현수,배수현 한국농촌계획학회 2018 농촌계획 Vol.24 No.1

This study comprehends that the landscape of Ipsan Village is the accumulated output of the landscape management and social behavior by the historic personages through the reference research and field surveys. And the study sorted out the over-layered landscape characteristics of Ipsan Village by analyzing the dispersed landscape elements as follows. First, right before the start of Japanese invasions to Korea(1592–98), Tamjin(耽津) An(安) Family moved into Ipsan and started establishing the a single clan village. At a site with mountain background and facing the water(背山臨水), the village used to be a typical farming one with an organically planned road-system and housing area following the traditional order. However, the landscape has changed drastically since the 20th century with the construction of banks, roads and readjustment of arable land etc. Second, the original landscape, which can be figured out through the ‘Gosanjaesibyukgyeong(高山齋十六景)’ in the 18th century, shows its harmony with natural landscape: mountain & valley, stream & field, traditional trees, etc, cultural landscape: village, well, spring, etc, and momentary landscape: seasons, time, weather phenomena, sound, behavior, etc. Third, based on the second, 16 natural landscape elements: mountain & stream, planting, etc. and 25 cultural landscape elements: housing spaces, self-cultivation & ceremony spaces, community spaces and modern education & enlightenment spaces were selected and interpreted as landscaping meanings. Fourth, the over-layered landscape which stems from the compositive functions and inter-connectivity of landscape elements which consists Ipsan Village is regarded as ‘Natural geographical and Fungsu landscape’, ‘Rural production and livelihood landscape’, ‘Confucian ceremony and symbolic landscape’ and ‘Modern education and enlightenment landscape.’

지역 관광자원으로서 거창 수승대 일원의 원형경관 고찰

임의제,소현수 한국농촌계획학회 2017 농촌계획 Vol.23 No.3

This study aims to contemplate the archetypal landscape of a scenic site, Suseungdae area in Hwangsan-maeul village, Geochang-gun by reference research and field surveys and drew the results as follows. First, Since Seong Yundong(成允仝; 1450-1540) embarked on operating the Suseungdae in Eonari(魚川) in 16th century, Shin Gwon(愼權, 1501-1573) and Im Hun(林薰, 1500-1584) took a major role of establishing the archetypal landscape of the area. Henceforth, numerous scholars had kept exploring the scenery and completing the archetypal landscape of the area until the 19th century. Second, the locations of 50 archetypal landscape elements, including 「Guyeon-dong sipgugyeong(龜淵洞十九景)」 which are dispersed along the Wicheon, has been identified. On the base of this, the archetypal landscape of Suseungdae area is figured out as the ‘Guyeon-dong(龜淵洞)’ area coming down from ‘Cheoksuam(滌愁巖)’ to ‘Byeoram(鼈巖)’. Third, many archetypal landscape elements are from the locations along the river. Among them, the ones named with rock: Am(巖) and Seok(石), which are shapes of turtles or terrapins, take the high rate and so do the ones named with ‘Dam(潭)’, which are waterscape. Fourth, among the cultural landscape elements, there are many garden structures such as Nujeong(樓亭) and Seowon(書院), which are located at the spots of viewing the landscape and the structures like banks, bridges and dams are also included. Furthermore, the letters engraved on the rocks are mainly about the landscape elements and are sometimes about the records of building and operating the landscapes by the people who were appreciating the arts and nature. Based on the range and characteristics of the archetypal landscape in Suseungdae area from this study, it is needed to take follow-up studies on the guidelines for efficient management by means of classifying the detailed fields so that there are no negative factors conflicting with the adjacent land use.

Landscape Characteristics of Sojinjeong Garden in Geochang

임의제,한해영,김수희 인간식물환경학회 2022 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.25 No.6

Background and objective: This study aimed to examine the construction intention, spatial composition, and landscape characteristics of Sojinjeong Garden, located in Geochang-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do, through a literature analysis and field survey. The findings can be summarized as follows. Methods: The research method was a combination of literature review and field surveys. The history of the construction of Sojinjeong and its garden was examined through a review of the literature, while the spatial composition and landscape characteristics of the garden were analyzed through field surveys and interviews. Results: Sojinjeong Garden was created by Confucian scholar Wucheon Do Jae-gyun in the 1920s. In the background to this garden's construction, the placeness related to Nammyeong Jo Shik, a great Confucian scholar of the Joseon period, played a large role. Do Jae-gyun, the creator of the garden, placed the garden centered on Sojinjeong and Imcheongjeong where Poyeon could be seen, keeping in mind the relationship between his ancestor, Do Hee-ryeong, and Nammyeong. He also created a colony of Lagerstroemia indica, which is in full bloom in summer, around the place where they took a wind bath. Various landscape elements of Sojinjeong Garden are distributed throughout Gusa Village, including the adjacent Okgye Stream, Poyeondae, and Banwhandae. These landscape elements can be roughly classified into scenic views inside and outside the garden, structures, and vegetation. The landscape structure of the garden is divided into inner garden, outer garden, and area of influence based on the location of the landscape elements, a typical structure for an annex garden. The scenic significance contained in Sojinjeong Garden is converged into the nickname of Sojinjeong Pavilion and the word Yokgi (浴沂; Yuyi in Chinese) that appears in a poem recited in the garden. This represents the intent of the creator of the garden, who wanted to make Sojinjeong Garden a place where he could cultivate himself in harmony with nature, away from the mundane world. Conclusion: Sojinjeong Garden is an annex garden of the Nammyeong School, built in the western part of Gyeongsang-do, and is considered to be a very valuable relic. However, the original landscape of Sojinjeong Garden is changing, and a reasonable management plan should be sought by regarding it as an integrated garden relic and making an objective evaluation.

『신증동국여지승람』의 경상도편 「산천(山川)」 항목에 수록된 수경(水景) 요소의 특징

임의제,소현수,Lim, Eui-Je,So, Hyun-Su 한국전통조경학회 2016 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.34 No.2

본 연구는 용어의 개념과 차이점을 명료하게 규정하기 어려운 전통 수경(水景) 요소의 쓰임을 고찰하기 위한 목적을 가지고 문헌분석을 위주로 진행되었다. 조선 전기 관찬(官撰) 지리지인 "신증동국여지승람"의 경상도편 "산천" 항목에서 수경과 관련된 지명을 발췌하여 다양한 수경 요소를 파악하고, 사전적 정의와 원문에 대한 해석 및 유사 사례 고찰을 통해서 수경 요소별 특징을 도출하였다. 연구의 결과를 다음과 같이 정리하였다. 1. "산천" 항목에 수록된 수경은 22개 요소였으며, 이를 입지와 물 흐름의 방식에 따라서 하천경관, 호소(湖沼)경관, 해안경관으로 분류하였다. 2. 자연적 물 흐름을 항시 유지하는 하천경관은 물줄기의 위계와 관련된 선적(線的) 형태의 '수(水)', '강(江)', '천(川)', '계(溪)'와 감입곡류하천 특성으로 인해서 형성되는 점적(點的) 형태의 '탄(灘)', '뢰(瀨)', '폭(瀑)', '저(渚)'로 구성된다. 3. 일정 구역에 모인 물 형태를 갖는 호소경관은 '강'의 중하류에 형성된 넓고 잔잔한 지점을 일컫는 '호(湖)', 하천 중상류 유로 상에 자연적으로 형성된 '연(淵)', '담(潭)', '추(湫)', 평지에 모인 물로서 '지(池)', '당(塘)', '택(澤)', 그리고 자연적으로 솟아나는 샘을 지칭하는 '천(泉)', '정(井)'으로 구성된다. 4. 해안경관에는 육지와 섬, 혹은 섬과 섬 사이 공간을 지칭하는 '량(梁)'과 '항(項)', 바다를 향해 돌출된 '곶(串)', 바닷가 모래사장 형태의 '정(汀)', 그리고 도서 지역의 지리적 중요성이 반영되어 높은 출현 빈도를 보인 '도(島)'가 포함된다. 연구 결과를 통해 전통 수경 요소의 다양성을 파악하였으며, 이들이 입지적, 경관적, 기능적으로 차별화된 특징을 반영한 개념이라는 사실을 도출하였다. 이를 통해서 선조들의 자연경관에 대한 관심과 예리한 관찰력으로 형성된 자연에 대한 심미안이 인공을 최소화하고 자연이 주체가 된 우리 전통정원의 특성을 설명할 수 있는 바탕이 된 것으로 이해하였다. This study aims at the consideration of the usages of traditional waterscape elements, which are difficult to define their concepts and their differences and it has been proceeded mainly with analysis of literature. It elicited various waterscape types by extracting the place names associated with the watersacpe elements from the chapter "Sancheon" of the volumes Gyeongsang-province in "Sinjeung Donggukyeojiseungram", which is a government-compiled geography book in the early period of Joseon Dynasty, and drew the features of each waterscape element by interpreting the dictionary definition and the original text and studying the similar examples. The results of study are drawn as follows. 1. The chapter "Sancheon" includes 22 types of waterscape elements and they are classified by means of locations and water-flow forms: River Landscape, Lake & Pond Landscape, Coast landscape. 2. River landscape maintaining constant natural water-flow constitutes the linear type, related to the class of stream, which includes 'Su(water)', 'Gang(river)', 'Cheon(stream)' and 'Gye(brook)' and the dotty type, created by the nature of trenched meander rivers, which includes 'Tan(beach)', 'Roe(rapids)', 'Pok(waterfall)' and 'Jeo(sandbank)'. 3. Lake & Pond Landscape forming water collected in a certain area constitutes 'Ho(lake)', which is a broad and calm spot created around mid and down stream of river, 'Yeon(pool)', 'Dam(pond)', 'Chu(small pond)', which are naturally created on the water path around mid and down stream of river, 'Ji(pond)', 'Dang(pond)', 'Taek(swamp)', which is collected on a flatland and 'Cheon(spring)', 'Jeong(spring)' which means gushing out naturally. 4. Coast Landscape includes 'Ryang', 'Hang', which are the space between land and an island or islands, 'Got(headland)' which sticks out from the coast into the sea, 'Jeong(sandbank)' which forms sandy beaches and 'Do' which shows high appearance frequency by reflecting the geographical importance of islands. This study comprehended the diversity of traditional waterscape elements and drew the fact that they are the concept reflecting the differentiated locational, scenic and functional features. That way, it understood the aesthetic sense on nature, which ancestors had formed with the interests in natural landscape and the keen observation on it, became the basic idea elucidating the characteristic on Korean traditional gardens, which minimize the artificiality and make nature the subject.

곡류단절지에 입지한 마을의 경관특성 -삼지마을을 사례로-

임의제,최기수 한국조경학회 2000 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.28 No.2

This study seeks what kind of factors influence to locate dwellings and to establish scenic spots in nature by a case study focused on a meandering stream. The study specially concentrates on the interrelationship between both residences and beautiful sceneries and a meander cut-off-area that reveals a special topographical characteristics, located at Samji village in Youngyang-eup, Youngyang-gun, Koungsangbuk-do. The meander cut-off area, developed at the middle or upper reaches of a river, often makes up specific landscapes such as precipitous cliffs, sheer cliffs and caves. And the area where is specially created by sudden change of flow due to erosion ;perceived by the cut surface to be the most beautiful scenic spot. These beautiful landscapes were used to be called as Dae, Dam or Gul and managed by Confucian scholars who enjoy refined taste and devote themselves to the study in nature. Moreover, the Ku-Hado-literary means the area of ex-flow-made the scholars' lving with a well prepared basis for agriculture where supplied a cornucopia of organic matters and water. The merit of agriculture made it possible that the scholars became economically independent, and the fact might be the essential point why the meander cut-off area took noticed. Actually, Cho-family has been in Smaji Village for generations, producing a large number of scholars and keeping the actual power of the region. The physical shape of the meander cut-off area, cozily surrounded by mountains, is considered as a good place for the dwelling due to the influence of traditional sight of view for location and P'ungsuchiri which is known as Feng Shui in China and geomancy in the western world. It is a fruit in it own way that we could find the ancestors' discernment and wisdom from this study, who have lived their lives adapting themselves to the given natural environment and also utilizing the nature wisely. But this is a current-argued study on the meander cut-off area. Follow-up studies have to be continued about the landscapes of the meander streams and the meander cut-off areas scattered all over the country except Samji Village and draw the characteristics from the comparative analysis.

朝鮮時代 서울 樓亭의 造營特性에 관한 硏究

林義堤 서울시립대학교 부설 서울학연구소 1994 서울학연구 Vol.- No.3

Landscape Characteristics of Parkjinsagoga in Cheonggwang-ri, Goseong

임의제,배수현 인간식물환경학회 2020 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.23 No.1

This study focused on the composition of the exterior space of Parkjinsagoga, the types of gardens and planting and the landscape characteristics of walls, and examined its meaning as modern garden remains. Parkjinsagoga is a modern Korean house that harmonizes traditionality and practicality, and is an invaluable material for research not only on architecture but also on changes in the gardens of upper-class gardens. Its exterior space can be divided largely into An-chae (inner house), Outer Sarang-chae (outer house) and Inner Sarang-chae areas, and a garden was created in each yard (inner garden). In particular, one thing noticeable is that the yard of Inner Sarang-chae, unlike traditional gardening styles, was actively decorated. At the center of the yard of Inner Sarang-chae, two atypical planters and artificial moundings were created and the traffic line of the garden was designed to enjoy them while walking. An atypical pond was created on one of the artificial moundings and trees and shrubs were densely planted. Natural stones were also placed. The style seemed to be affected by Japanese gardens. These characteristics observed in the gardens of Parkjinsagoga are closely related to the transitional characteristics that traditional gardens started to show in modern times. A total of 35 families and 57 species were planted in the gardens of Parkjinsagoga and there were 19 species of tall trees, 20 species of shrubs and 17 species of flowering plants. The number of species planted in the garden of Inner Sarang-chae was the highest, and a total of 22 species of tall trees and shrubs. The walls in Parkjinsagoga were basically earth and rock-fill walls but their materials and patterns differed depending on the type of spaces. Four types of walls were found to be introduced to the house.

농촌 문화마을 경관형성 기본계획

임의제,김태경 두레마을 친환경농업연구원 2005 친환경농업연구 Vol.7 No.1

The KARICO(Korea Agricultural & Rural Infrastructure Corporation) is developing the Cultural Village of a rural district in the whole country from 1992. One of the this projects, The KARICO developed the Kang-Dong Cultural Village in Kangnung city. But because the former achievement of this projects were partial toward the preparation of a housing site for grouping and the maintenance for residential environments, The new villages after the this projects were not suitable for the korean traditional landscapes of a rural district. Therefore, the aim of this plan is to develope the Kang-Dong Cultural Village which is improved upon the comfortable residential landscape and the traffics, culture, profits, infrastructures, etc. This plan suggests a guidelines for making landscape of the Cultural Villages are as follows. First, create the comfortable and convenient suburbs housing site. Second, lead to make a characteristic landscape in a close connection between landscape elements. Third, lead to develope a proper courses for a color, form, height of artificial constructions. Four, preserve the natural environments and topographical landscapes. Five, connect with the tourism, living and culture. At present, the stage of this project is finished with the practical design and the constrution of infrastructures. In future, if the general landscape of this village will complete, the Kang-Dong Cultural Village will become a model of the making landscape of the Cultural Villages.

曲流斷切地에 立地한 전통마을의 風水地理的 특성

임의제 한국전통조경학회 2005 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.23 No.2

This research is to study the influence and meaning of the characteristics of natural environment on choosing and managing the livable place(可居地) in a traditional way, and also to examine landscape characteristics of traditional villages for the meander cut-off area(曲流斷切地) located in a meander(曲流河川). This research studies the point of view for the Feng-shui characteristics based on landscape and geographical features and the feature of meander cut-off area as a location of traditional dwelling. A livable place is shown from the situation of a good place(吉地形局) coincide with geographical aspect of meander core, meander cut-off part, mountains around village, lakes and rivers. Geographical features of mountains around the area and meanders give more credit to the meander cut-off area from the theory of the Feng-shui(風水地理說) and the theory of fronted streams against the mountains(背山臨水說) in the traditional geomancy point of view also.From the traditional point of view, the most important factor in choosing the location of traditional villages was a livable place with the fine views. Social, cultural and economical conditions were important in choosing the location of traditional villages, but since physical living was based on the land, the natural environment was emphasized more than any other factors. Ideology of high officials and the features of natural environment were not separated, and ideological aim and ideal were realized with nature. Affected with these factors, our ancestors achieved the cause and the fundamental factors for formation and management of landscape of villages.