Simple Rumenotomy for Removing Foreign Bodies in Himalayan Tahrs (Hemitragus jemlahicus)

용환율,임양묵,조동길,백복수,김성동,김성기,현상환 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2011 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Seven male Himalayan tahrs were strongly assumed to have accidently fed on foreign bodies in 2007. At the time, zoo caretakers witnessed missing fence padding, such as carpet, plastic awning, and ropes. The incident occurred the morning after the items had been set up to protect indigenous, wild long-tailed gorals from self injury caused by head butting the steel fence. Adult male Himalayan tahrs were obviously suspected of mostly eating the paddings mainly composed of carpet, thin and long plastic awning, and ropes. Even though they had not shown digestive problems, surgery was determined necessary in order to remove any indigestible foreign bodies. Left flank rumenotomy was conducted on seven male Himalayan tahrs from April to May, 2011. After anesthesia with xylazine, rumenotomy was performed on a concrete floor, with legs and head secured by ropes. No access to water and hay prior to operation for two days was needed to make the surgical procedure done quickly. Two sheets of small hand towels protecting against inflow of ruminal contents were beneficial during surgery. Antibiotics were administered intramuscularly for seven days. No abscesses at the surgical site were found after surgery. Like domestic ruminants, wild ruminants also ingest metalic or non-metalic, indigestible foreign bodies by accident. Therefore, simplified rumenotomy must be developed to apply to those wild animals to lengthen their longevity and to advance the quality of life in captivity. This case report is the first showing how to perform rumenotomy of Himalayan tahr, a wild ruminant, in Korea

A Study on Diagnosis of the Fertility of one Aged Female Gorilla by using the Fecal Sex Hormone Metabolites

So Young Jung,임양묵,어경연 한국임상수의학회 2016 한국임상수의학회지 Vol.33 No.2

The aim of this study was to diagnose the fertility of a female western lowland gorilla kept in Seoul Zoo, in accordance with age by analyzing the fecal sex hormone metabolites. The study was conducted in two period of times, when the animal was from 35 to 37 years old and when the animal was from 40 to 42 years old. Non-invasive method by using fecal samples was used for safe and efficient fertility diagnosis. We collected the feces from the enclosure at least three times a week. Then 17β-estradiol and progesterone, which are fecal sex hormone metabolites, were measured by time-resolved fluoro-immunoassay to compare the menstruation cycle and the annual reproductive cycle. For the duration of the primary study (when the animal was 35~37 years old), irregular menstruation and high concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were observed. However, menstruation was hardly observed and the concentrations of both hormones were statistically very low in the period of secondary study (when the animal was 40~42 years old). This observed phenomenon in our study was very comparable to menopause in adult women; therefore, it was confirmed that our female gorilla has reached menopause because of the natural aging, as they become older.

분변내 스테로이드 호르몬의 측정을 통한 멸종 위기 침팬지의 번식형태와 임상적용

정소영,김미영,정유정,장유니,임양묵,윤용달 한국발생생물학회 2011 발생과 생식 Vol.15 No.2

멸종 위기에 처한 침팬지에서 연중번식주기와 무월경, 번식주기, 임신진단을 포함한 번식형태를 관찰하기 위하여 형광항체 분석법을 사용하여 에스트라디올, 프로게스테론, 테스토스테론 호르몬 대사산물과 인간융모성 성선자극호르몬을 측정하였다. 본 연구결과, 침팬지의 번식능력은 연령이 번식에 중요한 영향을 주는 인자가 아니며, 개체별 번식능력의 차이, 산과질환의 유무, 배우자와 합사한 조건에서 나타나는 성적행동의 차이 같은 여러 가지 요인이 복합적으로 작용한다는 것을 알 수가 있었다. 본 연구는 침팬지의 종보전과 인간과 연관된 폐경과 산과질환을 연구하는데도 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

서울동물원에서 한국산 남생이(Maunemys reevesii)의 복원을 위한 인공 증식 연구

조신일,김현정,정유정,임양묵,나수미,송재영,이훈복 한국양서·파충류학회 2019 한국양서·파충류학회 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.07

남생이(Maunemys reevesii)는 파충강(Reptilia) 거북목(Testudines) 남생이과(Geoemydidae) 에 속하는 담수거북이다. 과거 남생이는 우리 민족의 문화와 예술로 승화되어 서민과 귀족의 생활 속에 친숙하게 자리했던 야생동물중 하나이다. 그러나 인간 활동의 증가와 기후변화에 의한 서식 지의 파괴와 파편화, 외래종인 중국산 남생이를 비롯한 거북류의 대량 수입과 무분별한 방사로 인 한 생태계의 교란, 질병의 확산과 인간에 의한 남획 등으로 개체수가 감소하고 있는 추세이다. 이 러한 국내외적 이유로 세계자연보전연맹(IUCN)의 적색목록 위기종(Endangered, EN), 환경부 멸 종위기 야생생물 Ⅱ급(2005) 및 문화재청 천연기념물 제453호(2006)로 지정되어 보호받고 있다. 환경부는 남생이를 멸종위기 야생생물로 보호하는 것은 고유 생물자원의 보전뿐만 아니라 생물 다양성의 제고와 함께 건강한 생태계를 회복할 수 있는 중요한 과업이므로 멸종위기에 처한 남생 이의 보호와 복원을 위한 노력이 필요하다고 피력하고 있다. 따라서 서울대공원 남생이 대량인공 증식은 유전적 다양성을 지닌 최소존속가능 개체수를 확보하여 자연으로 방사시킴으로써 남생이 의 멸종을 막을 수 있는 하나의 방안이 될 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 남생이의 보전을 위해 최소 존속가능한 50개체 이상을 확보하기 위해 남생이의 인공증식기법 체계화를 수립하는 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 기존 인공증식 방법을 보완함으로써 남생이의 부화율과 생존율을 높이고, 나아가 이 를 체계화시켜 대량인공증식시스템 구축과 향후 국내 자생하는 남생이 보전 및 복원에 기여하고 자 한다.

Offsprings Produced by Transcervically Inseminating Frozen-thawed Semen into Uterus of a Estrus-induced Saanen Goat during Non-breeding Season

용환율,김민아,배복수,김성동,조신일,임양묵,유미현,하용희,오창식,김두희 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2010 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.25 No.2

We report herein the successful results of estrus induction, sperm cryopreservation and kids born by transcervical insemination of frozen-thawed semen in a Saanen goat. Flugestone acetate (FGA: 60 mg) was inserted into vagina for 15 days. The goat was intramuscularly injected with 400 IU PMSG and 200 IU hCG (PG600Ⓡ: Intervet, Korea) a day before withdrawal of the FGA sponge. Follicles and corpora lutea were identified on both ovaries by laparoscopy. Artificial insemination was performed 46 hours after removal of FGA sponge. The concentration of frozenthawed semen was 3.975×108/ml and 0.5 ml of frozen-thawed semen was transcervically inseminated into uterine body under anesthesia. Three kids, all females, were born 144 days after artificial insemination. This is the first report producing kids by transcervical insemination of frozen-thawed semen in a Saanen goat of which the estrus was induced by FGA sponges, PMSG and hCG during non-breeding season in Korea.

한국산 남생이와 외래종 붉은귀거북의 서식지 이용 패턴 비교 분석

조신일,나수미,안치경,김현정,정유정,임양묵,김선두,송재영,이훈복 한국환경생태학회 2017 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 국내산 남생이와 외래종 붉은귀거북의 행동권 및 서식지 이용 패턴을 확인하고 종간 상호 경쟁관계 를 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구는 2010년 8월 2일부터 2011년 1월 30일까지 경기도 과천시 청계산 계곡 상류지역에 위치한 정수역인 금붕어광장 연못에서 수행되었다. 서울동물원에서 인공증식한 남생이 3개체와 국내의 연못과 저수지 에 서식하고 있던 붉은귀거북 3개체를 포획하여 위치추적발신기를 부착한 후 방사하여 모니터링을 수행하였다. 방사된 개체들의 행동권과, 서식지 이용반경을 측정하였고, 금붕어광장 연못의 온·습도 및 수온, 지온 등 환경적인 변화를 측정하였다. 본 연구 결과는 남생이와 붉은귀거북은 제한된 일광욕 장소, 먹이자원 이용, 동면지 등 여러 측면에서 중복된 생태적 지위를 가지고 있어서 상호 경쟁이 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 비교적 몸집이 작은 남생이가 몸집이 큰 붉은귀거북에게 경쟁에서 밀려나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 남생이가 서식하고 있는 원서식지에 붉은귀거북의 이입을 통한 종간, 개체간의 행동권과 먹이경쟁, 서식지 이용 등에 대한 연구가 추가적으로 필요할 것으로 사료되며, 추후 남생이 복원사업의 기초자료가 될 것이다. The purpose of this study is to identify the home range and habitat using pattern of the native species, Mauremys reevesii, and the exotic species, Trachemys scripta elegans, and to analyze the mutual competition relationship of the two species. This study was conducted at the Goldfish square pond, which is located in the upper part of the valley of Cheonggye mountain from August 2, 2010 to January 30, 2011. We used the three artificially proliferating M. reevesii and three T. scripta elegans which were inhabited in the ponds and reservoirs for monitoring study after attaching the transmitter to each of them. We measured the home range and the habitat utilization radius of three individuals of each species and the environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and soil and water temperature around the Goldfish square pond. As our results, it was analyzed that the M. reevesii and T. scripta elegans have a redundant ecological positions in various aspects such as limited sunbathing places, food resource utilization, hibernation place, etc. We also found that the relatively small M. reevesii was being pushed out of the competition by the relatively big. Further investigation of food competition and habitat utilization should be necessary for these two species for the natural habitats, their home range, food competition, and habitat utilization. The result of this study will be the basic data M. reevesii’s restoration project.

Birth of a Siberian Tiger Cub from an Albino Mother Tiger with Help of eCG and hCG

최윤정,박명수,한효동,함계선,박영선,김경식,박선덕,임양묵,정소영,용환율 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2011 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.3

This is about the successful use of eCG and hCG for producing a Siberian tiger pup born from 10-year-old, primiparous, albino Siberian tiger. From February 2010 to July 2010, natural breeding had been tried three times with no conception. During this period of five months, estrus behaviors appeared to be typically normal and a lot of matings were observed. After consecutive failures, 1000 IU eCG (equine chorionic gonadotropin) were intramuscularly injected on the day showing estrus behavior, followed with an injection of 750 IU hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) 80 hours later. The tiger stopped recurrence of estrus, and a cub, weighed 780 gram, was born alive 104 days after hCG injection. This study is the first report showing the unique, successful use of exogenous hormones as one of artificial breeding programs in the long history of captive breeding of carnivorous zoo animals in Korea.

Changes of Sex Hormones and Cervical Mucus in Estrus-synchronized Himalayan Tahrs (Hemitragus jemlahicus) in Non-breeding Season

용환율,김명호,하용희,김한웅,김미영,조동길,오창식,김동희,임양묵,유미현,배복수,김세동 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2011 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.3

Eight female Himalayan tahrs (Hemitragus jemlahicus) were estrus-synchronized, and transcervically inseminated with frozen-thawed semen in September, 2009, about 2 to 3 months earlier than their natural breeding season. Intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices were inserted into vaginas of six Himalayan tahrs on September 7, and the other two on September 8 to suppress luteal function of ovaries. The devices had been placed deep inside the vagina prior to withdrawal on September 23. A day before CIDR removal, a combination of PMSG 400 IU and hCG 200IU was intramuscularly injected. Forty eight hours later, frozen-thawed semen was transcervically inseminated. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 39 days later by analyzing progesterone level of serum. Every treatment was done under anesthesia inducted by xylazine injection. In conclusion, vaginal discharge of cervical mucus, hormonal changes induced by implant-typed or muscularly injectable hormones and widening of cervix enough to insert an insemination gun into uterine body were achieved in non-breeding season. Moreover, the first inseminated Himalayan tahr, 36 hours after CIDR removal was assumed to be pregnant but the fetus may have been lost due to the use of anesthetic drug.

Establishment of Cryopreservation of Leopard Cat Semen Collected by Electro-ejaculation Method

하아나,김유곤,윤진호,방재일,Gautam K. Deb,M. Fakruzzaman,임양묵,용환율,공일근 사단법인 한국동물생명공학회 2011 한국동물생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.4

The aim of this study was to evaluate the post-thawed characteristics of leopard cat semen. In this experiment,semen was collected from two leopard cats (A and B) at wild animal center in Seoul Grand Park in Korea. After collection, the sperms were washed with D-PBS and diluted by the freezing medium (Irvine science, USA) and stored in liquid nitrogen. The post-thawed concentration was 357 × 10^6sperms/ml for A and 97 × 10^6 sperms/ml for B. The viability of post-thawed sperm from A and B individual was 24.0% and 19.0%, respectively. Pre-freezing motility of A and B individual semen was 68.54% and 56.65. Leopard cat A had more normal sperm than that of B (69.5%vs. 54.5%). Acrosome integrity analysis detected live (14.5% vs. 9.0%), damage (39.0% vs. 44.0%) and dead (46.0%vs. 47.0%) in leopard cat A and B, respectively. The present results concluded that leopard cat semen can be collected successfully by electro-ejaculation method and cryopreserved successfullyfor future use in different assisted reproductive technologies. The cryopreservation protocol needs to be modified for increasing post-thawed viability of leopard cat spermatozoa