濟州道 家口構成의 變化 : 1960~85

李昌基(Chang-Kee Lee) 영남대학교 인문과학연구소 1992 人文硏究 Vol.14 No.1

삼성(三姓) 종족마을의 혼인연대

이창기 ( Chang-kee Lee ) 한국사회사학회 2006 사회와 역사 Vol.0 No.71

The cohesion of lineage groups in Korea is characterized by consanguineous exclusivism and a sense of estate superiority. This sense of exclusive lineage cohesion has often occasioned conflicts between lineage groups. In Wongu-ri village in Yeonghae-myon, Yeongdeok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, however, three lineage groups, namely Yeongyang-Nam, Daehung-Baek, and Muan-Park clans, have dwelt for about 500 years without much feud with each other. They are regarded as the most noble yangban (scholar-bureaucrat) clans in this area. These three lineage groups in Wongu-ri have been able to achieve a high cohesion through marriage. Not only were the inter-lineage marriages frequent, but the prominent figures in each lineage group were connected with each other through marriage, thus greatly contributing to the inter-lineage solidarity. Sometimes they further consolidated their cohesion by marrying members of their lineage group to the persons in close affinity. In this marriage alliance, Yeongyang-Nam clan has played an important role as a hub group. Marriage was usually arranged between Yeongyang-Nam and Muan-Park clan members, and between Yeongyang-Nam and Daehung-Baek clan members. In this way the three lineage groups have strengthened their solidarity with Yeongyang-Nam clan as a linkage. Although marriage between Muan-Park and Daehung-Baek clan members is of rare occurrence, they are also closely related with each other through the intermediary of Yeongyang-Nam group, since they can be maternal relatives of maternal side or maternal relatives of wife`s family of each other`s. The three lineage groups in this village cooperated to hold the dongje, village-god worship rites. They also sublimated the rope pulling contest, which was supposed to be a form of inter-lineage rivalry, into a common festivity of the entire village community that may contribute to the integration of the whole villagers. Villages in Korea have been formed in a combination of lineage system and community system. The two systems are closely interrelated but, as they have different natures, they are in conflict, too. The conflict between lineage groups in a village can be seen as the clash and contradiction between the system of lineage(or consanguinity) and that of community(or territoriality). Our study shows that the marriage alliance can reconcile the two systems, alleviate and prevent the conflicts and hostilities between various intra-community social groups, and thus consolidate the solidarity of the whole community.

동해안 어촌마을의 인구이동

이창기(Chang Kee Lee) 한국농촌사회학회 2002 農村社會 Vol.12 No.2

이 연구는 동해안 어촌마을의 인구이동 양상에 관한 사례연구이다. 조사대상 지역은 경북 영덕군 축산면 차유마을이다. 연구에 사용된 주요 자료는 전출입신고서이며, 부정확한 신고 자료를 보정하기 위하여 주요 인포먼트를 통한 확인과정을 거쳤다. 연구대상 기간은 전출은 1990. 6. 15.~2000. 7. 31.이며, 전입은 1991. 3. 5.~2000. 7. 31. 이다. 이 연구에서 밝혀진 내용은 다음과 같다. 1. 전출입신고서에는 위장신고와 신고누락이 매우 많았다. 전출신고의 13.7%, 전입신고의 22.9%가 위장신고로 밝혀졌다. 위장전출보다 더 많은 수가 신고하지 않고 전출하고 있다는 사실도 확인되었다. 2. 동일인의 반복이동이 매우 많다. 전출자와 전입자의 약 절반이 반복이동자들이다. 반복이동의 시간적 간격도 매우 짧았다. 반복이동자의 약2/3가 2년 이내에 다시 이동하였다. 반복이동은 전입자들에게서 특히 많이 나타났다. 3. 이동자의 연령은 20대가 압도적 다수를 점하고 있다. 전출자의 약 60%(미신고 전출자 포함), 전입자의 약 40%가 20대들이다. 학업, 취업, 혼인 등의 요인이 작용하고 있다. 4. 이동유형은 가구단위 이동보다 개별이동이 많다. 개별이동은 전입(58.7%)보다 전출(79.2%)에서 특히 높게 나타난다. 5. 전출자의 목적지나 전입자의 전거주지는 80% 이상이 도시지역이다. 지리적으로 가깝고 공업이 발달한 경상도 지역의 대도시와 수도권이 대상 지역이 되고 있다. This is a case study on the trends and patterns in the movement of population in a fishing village on the East Coast of Korea. The area under investigation is Chayu Village, which is located in Chuksan-myon, Youngduk-gun in Kyongsangbuk-do. The data used in this study are mainly from the `In- and Out-Migration Register` , and to correct any possible inaccuracy and supplement the data we also utilize interviews with local informants. The periods that were covered in this study are: the one for in-migration, from March 5, 1991 to July 31, 2000, and the one for out-migration, from June 15, 1990 to July 31, 2000. The major findings in this study are as follows: 1. We have found many cases of false registration and missing reports. The proportion of false registration to the total registered out-migrants was 13.7%, and 22.9% of total registered in-migrants made false registration. The number of those who moved out without reporting exceeded that of fraud moving-out registration. 2. We have also found many cases of repeated in- and out-migration by the same person. Around half of both the in- and out-migrants were those who have moved out of the village and come back several times. Around two thirds of them migrated once again within two years. The repeated migration was found more frequently among in-migrants. 3. The majority of migrants were in their twenties: sixty percents of out-migrants (including those without reporting) and forty percents of in-migrants were in their twenties. Such variables as education, employment, and marriage are working in their migrations. 4. The basic unit of migration is an individual person rather than a household. The proportion of individual migration is higher in out-migration (79.2%) than in in-migration (58.7%). 5. More than eighty percent of the destinations of out-migrants and the origins of in-migrants were urban areas. Among them were the metropolitan cities in Kyongsang provinces and the capital region.

다문화 가족구성원 세대별 분류체계 국내 적용가능성 연구

이창기 ( Chang Kee Lee ) 한국어린이문학교육학회 2016 어린이문학교육연구 Vol.17 No.1

기존의 다문화 가족구성원 관련 국내연구들은 일반 한국가정 가족구성원들과의 이분법적인 다름(생물학적 혼혈여부, 문화의 단일성 여부, 한국국적 소지여부 등)을 전제로 한 분류체계를 사용하였다. 다문화 가족구성원 세대별 분류체계는 대안적인 분석체계로서 주류 사회구성원들과의 사회문화적 근접성을 말해주는 산술적 지표, 즉, ‘이주세대’를 사용한 분석틀이다. 본 연구는 이 분류체계를 국내 다문화 가족구성원에게 적용하여, 다문화가정 내 한국출신 부모의 수와 한국사회 거주시점이라는 두 가지 정보로 국내 다문화 가족구성원의 한국사회 및 한국문화에 대한 근접성 및 출발선을 산술적으로 계산하였다. 그 결과, 본 분류체계의 국내 적용과 관련해 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있다. 첫째, 본분류체계의 국내 적용을 통해 각 가족구성원의 사회문화적 적응상의 출발선과 잠재적 능력과 같은 실제수행수준 이면의 능력에까지 논의의 범위를 확장할 수 있다. 둘째, 본 분류체계의 국내 적용은 유아교육기관에 존재하는 각 세대별 다문화가정의 유아가 처한 사회문화적 맥락을 개별적으로 고려하여 유아의 속성을 보다 세부적으로 분류, 분석할 수 있어 기존에 사용되던 분류체계를 효과적으로 보완할 수 있다. The number of families with at least one foreign-born parent has increased in South Korea. Earlier studies conducted in South Korea gave names to these family members in dichotomous ways including “mixed blood" and “multi-cultural,” or whether they had been “naturalized” in South Korea. This study suggests a more comprehensive classification system that is based on calculating the generational status of each family member. By applying a generational status calculation system to South Korean settings, taking into account both the number of native South Korean parents and the point in their lives when they started to live in South Korea, this study defined each family member’s sociological proximity to South Korean society. As a result, this study made the following three suggestions: 1) By defining each family member’s generational status, a well-rounded education can be provided to parents, children, and their teachers. 2) The role of human resources whose generational status is higher than the child (e.g., native South Korean parents and teachers) can be compared to relatively lower ones (e.g., foreign-born parents). 3) Early childhood care and education centers can be an ideal place for the development and socialization of children from multi-cultural families.

종족구성과 마을조직

李昌基(Lee Chang-Kee) 역사문화학회 2006 지방사와 지방문화 Vol.9 No.2

It is usually the case that one or a couple of clans are residing in one yangban village, but in some cases several clans live together in one yangban village. This study is to investigate how the different clan composition in the yangban village led to the difference in village organizations such as funeral associations, dotigje(village god-worship rites) groups, and friendship groups among old women. The villages under study are Hozimal, Wonguri, and Utnaragol, which are typical yangban villages in the Yeonghae area. They differ from each other in clan composition and thus, in village organization. Hozimal is a yangban village which is dominated by Yeongyang-Nam clan. In this village dongje groups are divided into two, one in which Yeongyang-Nam clan members dominate and the other, with members of other clans taking part in. In friendship groups among old women, there is also a clear segregation between Yeongyang-Nam and other clans. The same goes for the funeral associations: there are two funeral associations, one for Yeongyang-Nam clan and the other for other clans. But, in the past only a single funeral association existed in this village, with other clan members providing labor services for Yeongyang-Nam clan members. Thus. Hozimal, a yangban village with one particular yangban clan dominant, shows a clear estate discrimination and consanguineous exclusivism. Wonguri is a yangban village where three yangban clans live together: Yeongyang-Nam, Daehung-Baek, and Muan-Park clans. Each of them has a separate funeral association and friendship group of old women. However, dongje is administered by the three clans in unison. Consanguineous exclusivism is present, but the three clans cooperate with each other through dongje. Estate segregation is also still in existence, but the antagonism between members of yangban clans and commoners is not so strong since they have maintained close economic relationship. Wonguri, where three clans coexist, shows a restrained form of consanguineous exclusivism and estate discrimination. In Utnaragol, several dongje groups are organized in each residential area. Funeral associations are also formed by residential area. Consanguinity and estate do not matter in the friendship relations among the elderly. In this village, where many clans members coexist, consanguineous exclusivism and estate discrimination are very weak and village organizations are based on locality. These findings in this study will widen our perspective and deepen our understanding of the lineage groups and lineage village in Korea.

濟州島의 家口構成

李昌基(Chang-Kee Lee) 영남대학교 인문과학연구소 1988 人文硏究 Vol.9 No.2

한국 종족집단의 연구사 개관(1930~2015) - 사회인류학적 연구를 중심으로

이창기 ( Lee Chang Kee ) 한국사회사학회 2020 사회와 역사 Vol.0 No.125

조선 중기 이후 종법(宗法)이 널리 보급되고 부계혈연의식이 강화되면서 종족집단은 한국인의 일상생활에서 중요한 의미를 지니게 되었다. 한국 종족집단에 대한 학문적 관심은 1930년 이후에 나타난다. 이때부터 1945년 광복에 이르기까지 몇몇 한국인 학자들과 일본인 학자들이 종족마을을 조사해서 여러 편의 논문과 자료집을 발표하였다. 이때 발표된 연구들은 종족집단의 실태를 소개하는 조사보고서의 성격을 띠고 있다. 광복 이후 1960년까지는 사회적·경제적 불안정으로 한국 종족집단에 관한 연구도 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 한국 종족집단의 구조와 기능에 대한 학문적 관심이 다시 등장하게 된 것은 1960년 이후이며, 1970년대에 들어와서 연구자의 수가 증가하고 연구 주제도 점차 구체화되었다. 1980년대와 1990년대에는 1960년대와 1970년대에 비해 연구자가 더욱 증가하고 연구의 주제가 더욱 다양해지는 모습을 보여주고 있다. 이 시기에는 산업화와 도시화 과정에서 나타나는 종족집단의 변화에 대한 관심이 크게 부각되었으며, 종족집단의 체계에 대한 이론적 논의가 나타나기 시작하였다. 그리고 연구의 시야를 확대하여 중국 및 일본의 종족집단을 조명하는 논문이 여러 편 발표되고 있다. 특히 종족집단을 주제로 한 석사학위 논문과 박사학위 논문이 대폭 증가하였다. 2000년 이후에도 종족집단 연구는 꾸준히 이어지고 있다. 이 시기에 나타난 연구의 중요한 특징은 연구자들에 따라서 연구의 대상을 특정 지역이나 특정 주제에 집중시키는 경향이 두드러진다는 점이다. 이러한 경향은 종족집단의 연구를 좀 더 구체화하고 심화하는 과정으로 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 종족집단에 대한 젊은 학문 후속 세대의 관심이 낮아져서 석·박사 학위논문의 발표가 크게 줄어들었다. 앞으로 한국 종족집단을 연구하는데 더욱 관심을 기울여야 할 과제는 다음과 같다. (1) 연구주제를 좀 더 세분해서 하위영역들에 대한 연구결과를 꾸준히 축적할 필요가 있다. (2) 특정 지역, 특정 계층에 치우친 연구경향을 벗어나서 다양한 지역, 다양한 계층의 종족활동에 대한 연구 성과가 고르게 축적되어야 할 필요가 있다. (3) 연구의 시야를 넓혀서 종족집단을 둘러싸고 있는 사회문화체계와 종족집단의 관계에 대해서도 진지하게 논의할 필요가 있다. (4) 21세기에 한국 종족집단이 사회의 변화에 어떻게 적응해 갈 것인지 탐색하는 것도 앞으로의 중요한 연구과제로 부각되고 있다. Since the middle of the Joseon Dynasty, the jong-beop or succession rule(宗法), heightened public patrilineal consciousness as an essential part of everyday life in Korea. Interest in lineage tracing became an academic interest from the 1930s. By 1945, both Japanese and Korean scholars had published articles and reports on lineage villages that were less academic as pilot studies. However, it was not until 1960 that Korean lineage re-emerged as an academic topic due to the social and economic disturbance in Korea. Only since 1960 has it reappeared that Korean lineage group was paid attention from scholars with their new focus on its structure and function, which also led to and was built on by the expansion of researchers and their research areas in 1970s. Between the 1980s and 90s, lineage group studies grew in both range and topical contexts. These two decades saw a growing interest in the transition of lineage group situated in the process of industrialization and urbanization of South Korea, along with the advent of theoretical discussion on the systemic and structural approach to lineage group. A broader understanding of lineage group led to the publication of some articles focusing on that of China and Japan. The millennial turn represents a turn in research that includes more focused topics and specific regions, which further deepened the study of lineage groups. In recent years, younger research shows less interest in the study of Korean lineage groups. The findings suggest the following: (1) advances in the area requires more detailed and sub-divided research topics and data accumulation; (2) accumulation requires more representation of lineage activities to supply a less biased focus; (3) more significant discussions and broadening of research on the social and cultural systems surrounding lineage groups is necessary; and (4) additional exploration of 21st-century challenges to lineage groups is crucial.

예비유아교사의 인권감수성 증진을 위한 신문기사활용 문화다양성 수업의 효과 및 의미 분석

이창기(Lee, Chang-Kee) 한국열린유아교육학회 2021 열린유아교육연구 Vol.26 No.6

본 연구는 24명의 예비유아교사를 대상으로 아동권리와복지 교과목 내에서 7주간 실시한 신문기사활용 문화다양성 수업이 예비유아교사의 인권감수성을 향상시킬 수 있는지 알아보고 이 과정에서 드러나는 수강생의 생각을 들여다보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 본 연구는 수업을 통한 인권감수성 향상 여부를 알아보기 위해 국가인권위원회에서 개발한 인권감수성 검사를 수업 전과 후에 실시하여 대응표본 t-검정으로 분석하는 한편, 수업 내에서 수강생이 작성한 338개의 온라인 댓글을 질적 분석하는 혼합연구로 진행되었다. 연구 결과, 예비유아교사의 인권감수성 총점과 모든 하위영역에서 통계적으로 유의미한 향상이 확인되었다. 질적 분석에서는 신문기사에 등장한 여러 인권 주체들에 대한 수강생의 공감이 드러났을 뿐만 아니라 인권을 우선하는 가치로 생각하는 상황 지각, 인권 주체들의 인권을 옹호하기 위해 해결방안을 모색하는 결과 지각, 자신을 인권 침해의 가해 주체이자 책임 주체로 인식하는 책임 지각의 개념이 질적으로도 드러났다. 특히, 수강생은 다양한 사회구성원의 인권 옹호를 위해 교육자로서의 실천 의지 및 책임 의식을 예비유아교사라는 자신의 정체성을 바탕으로 드러냈다. Whether or not early childhood teachers can deliver quality education about human rights is dependent on their own degree of sensitivity to human rights. As a preemptive action, this study attempted to develop human rights sensitivity of teachers at the time when they are still pre-service teachers, which is known to be the critical period for sensitivity training. Twenty-four student teachers responded to a human rights sensitivity questionnaire before and after seven sessions of multicultural education, utilizing newspapers. By adopting a mixed-method research design, this study not only used the t-test to determine the difference between the pre and post-test, but also qualitatively analyzed 338 comments that were posted on the Internet as reactions to peer presentations on newspapers revealing somewhat conflicting details about diverse populations. Significant improvements were found in their situation perception, result perception, and responsibility perception abilities, which were the three subcomponents of human rights sensitivity. On the other hand, the findings derived from the qualitative data suggest that the social reality depicted in newspapers not only evoked their sympathy but also created opportunities to 1) evaluate the situations where human rights were being infringed by thinking about what values take precedence over others, 2) find solutions to protect the human rights of the vulnerable members of society, and 3) sharpen their sense of responsibility, opening up the possibilities that they themselves could be the perpetrators. Especially the participants manifested practice intention and responsibility for protecting human rights of diverse members of society based on their identity as educator, showing that they were prepared to transfer this sense of responsibility to the educational field.

이중대표소송제도의 도입방안에 대한 소고

이창기(Chang-Kee, Lee) 한국기업법학회 2013 企業法硏究 Vol.27 No.2

Along with Korean economy’s high growth during the recent a half century, corporate groups have emerged. Historically it can be contributed to two factors. One, the holding company entity system was introduced to Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act in 1999. The other, newly added provisions for comprehensive exchange and transfer of shares in the Korean Commercial Code in 2001. Since then the number of corporate groups which reorganize their governance structure into that of holding company is increasing at a high growth rate. If this growth will continue, the holding company will be the most common type of business entity in Korea. Parent and subsidiary companies belong to the same corporate group are legally independent of each other although they are considered as one, not as separate ones with regard to economic concerns. Therefore, the minority shareholders of the parent corporation cannot hold directors of the board of the subsidiary company accountable to any loss incurred to the subsidiary company as a result of their unlawful conducts and mismanaging company affairs. There is, however, a way to solve this problem although it is limited in the case when the subsidiary is not listed, by the minority shareholders of the subsidiary company holding the directors accountable through a derivative suit. For this reason, the double derivative suit should be allowed to protect the rights of the minority shareholders of the parent corporation. Although its implementation in practice can be carried by the sentences of the court of law, it behooves to revise the commercial law instead because the supreme court did not accept the way of sentencing. On the other hand, a subsidiary company is generally more likely to be managed not for its profits, but rather for that of the corporate group to which it belong. As a result, it is natural for such ones as how to protect the minority shareholders and creditors in the subsidiary to arise as legal issues. Since a double derivative suit is just one way of solution regarding legal issues related to the corporate group, there should various measures to be made together to protect interest groups such as the minority shareholders of the subsidiary company and its creditors.

19 세기말 제주도 농촌마을의 혼인양상 : 1897 년 덕수리 호적중초를 중심으로

이창기(Chang Kee Lee) 제주학회 1997 濟州島硏究 Vol.14 No.-