유묘기 양배추류에서 메틸자스모네이트에 의한 글루코시놀레이트 함량 변화 및 전사체 발현 분석

이정여,민성란,정재은,김혜란,Lee, Jeongyeo,Min, Sung Ran,Jung, Jaeeun,Kim, HyeRan 한국식물생명공학회 2019 식물생명공학회지 Vol.46 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 유묘기 TO1000DH3와 Early big에서 MeJA 처리에 의해 글루코시놀레이트 함량 변화 및 유전자의 발현 변화를 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. $200{\mu}M$ 농도의 MeJA를 처리하여 글루코시놀레이트 함량을 분석한 결과, 글루코시놀레이트 총 함량이 처리 전보다 TO1000DH3에서 1.3~1.5배, Early big에서 1.3 ~ 3.8배 증가하였다. 알리패틱 글루코시놀레이트인 progoitrin과 gluconapin은 TO1000DH3에서만 검출되었으며, neoglucobrassicin 성분의 함량 변화가 MeJA 처리 48시간 후 TO1000DH3와 Early big에서 가장 크게 증가되었다. 전사체 분석을 통해 TO1000DH3에서는 stress나 defense 반응에 관여하거나, 생장과 관련된 전사체가 특이적으로 발현하고, Early big에서는 nucleoside 또는 ATP 생합성 관련 전사체가 특이적으로 발현하는 것을 알 수 있었다. MeJA를 처리함에 따라 발현이 2배 이상 변한 전사체를 TO1000DH3에서 12,020개, Early big에서 13,510개를 선발하여 GO 분석한 결과 stimulus, chemical에 반응하는 전사체의 발현이 공통적으로 증가하였고, single-organism 및 ribosome 합성 관련 전사체의 발현이 공통적으로 감소하였다. 특히 glucobrassicin, neoglucobrassicin 함량과 연관되어 발현이 증가한 인돌릭 글루코시놀레이트 생합성 관련 전사체의 발현이 모두 증가하였다 (MYB34 (Bo7g098110), IGMT2 (Bo8g070650), CYP81D1 (Bo6g056440), CYP81D4 (Bo7g118500), CYP81F4 (Bo1g004730, Bo01007s020), CYP81G1 (Bo4g154660), CYP83B1 (Bo8g024390) 및 CYP91A2 (Bo1g003710)). 글루코시놀레이트 생합성 경로 관련 유전자를 대표하는 전사체 104개를 선발하여 발현 양상을 분석한 결과 transcription factor에 속하는 MYB28, MYB51의 발현은 MeJA 처리 전에 비해 처리 후 발현양이 감소하였지만, 대부분의 전사체의 발현은 MeJA 처리에 의해 증가하였다. MeJA 처리에 의해 AOP3 (Bo9g006220, Bo9g006240), TGG1 (Bo14804s010)는 TO1000DH3에서만 특이적으로 발현이 증가하였고, Dof1.1 (Bo5g008360), UGT74C1 (Bo4g177540), GSL-OH (Bo4g173560, Bo4g173550, Bo4g173530)는 Early big 특이적으로 발현이 증가하였다. MeJA 처리 전 두 계통에서 발현이 가장 높은 글루코시놀레이트 생합성 관련 유전자는 GSTU20이었고, MeJA 처리에 의해 12시간 후TO1000DH3에서 CYP79B2 (Bo7g118840), Early big에서는 CYP79B3 (Bo4g149550)의 발현이 가장 많이 증가하였다. In this study, we analyzed the changes in glucosinolate content and gene expression in TO1000DH3 and Early big seedling upon methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment. Analysis of glucosinolate contents after MeJA treatment at $200{\mu}M$ concentration showed that the total glucosinolate content increased by 1.3-1.5 fold in TO1000DH3 and 1.3-3.8 fold in Early big compared to those before treatment. Aliphatic glucosinolates, progoitrin and gluconapin, were detected only in TO1000DH3, and the changes in the content of neoglucobrassicin were the greatest at 48 hours after MeJA treatment in TO1000DH3 and Early big. The transcriptomic analysis showed that transcripts involved in stress or defense reactions, or those related to growth were specifically expressed in TO1000DH3, while transcripts related to nucleosides or ATP biosynthesis were specifically expressed in Early big. GO analysis on transcripts with more than two-fold change in expression upon MeJA treatment, corresponding to 12,020 transcripts in TO1000DH3 and 13,510 transcripts in Early big, showed that the expression of transcripts that react to stimulus and chemical increased in TO1000DH3 and Early big, while those related to single-organism and ribosome synthesis decreased. In particular, the expression increased for all transcripts related to indole glucosinolate biosynthesis, which is associated with increase in glucobrassicin and neoglucobrassicin contents. Upon MeJA treatment, the expression of AOP3 (Bo9g006220, Bo9g006240), TGG1 (Bo14804s010) increased only in TO1000DH3, while the expression of Dof1.1 (Bo5g008360), UGT74C1 (Bo4g177540), and GSL-OH (Bo4g173560, Bo4g173550, Bo4g173530) increased specifically in Early big.

불법파업, 파행적 집단행동의폐해 및 이에 대한 대응방안

이정 한국경제연구원 2022 KERI Insight Vol.22 No.11

본 보고서에서는 쟁의행위로서의 파업은 집단적으로 근로 제공을 거부함으로써 정상적인 업무의 운영을 저해하는 수준에 그쳐야 하나, 실제 산업현장에서는 노조의 과격한 행동으로 인하여 물리적 충돌이나 재물손괴를 동반한 불법행위의 형태를 띠는 경우가 많다고 주장했다. 그 대표적 사례로는 사업장 점거, 공공시설 점거, 봉쇄·물류방해 등 업무방해, 고공농성, 폭행·재물손괴 등이 있다고 설명했다. 보고서는 법적 정당성을 상실한 불법파업에 대해서는 민·형사상의 책임을 명확하게 추구하는 등 원칙적 대응이 필요하다고 주장했다. 쟁의행위 중에서도 가장 문제가 되는 것이 정치파업으로, 이는 노동조합이 공공단체 기관에 대해 근로자의 특정한 정치적 주장을 관철할 목적으로 행하는 파업인 만큼 쟁의행위 목적에 부합하지 않으므로 원칙적으로 명백히 불법이라고 지적했다. 또한, 직접적인 근로관계에 있지 않은 원청에 대해 단체교섭을 요구하고 파업에 돌입하는 행위 또한 명백히 불법이므로, 이에 대한 엄정한 법 집행이 필요하다고 주장했다. 보고서는 최근 대우해양조선 사태를 계기로 파업손실에 대한 손배소(손해배상소송)·가압류를 제한하는 ‘노란봉투법(노동조합 및 노동관계조정법 개정안)’ 제정 움직임에 대해서, 이는 노동기본권에 대한 오해에서 비롯된 무리한 법 해석으로 현행 법체계 내에서는 수용하기 어려운 주장이라고 밝혔다. 한국외국어대학교 법학전문대학원 이정 교수는 “헌법상 노동기본권은 절대적인 권리가 아니라 공공복리를 위해 필요한 경우에는 법률로 제한될 수 있다”며, “단체행동권 또한 무제한으로 행사할 수 있는 것이 아니라 다른 기본권과 마찬가지로 공공복리 등을 위해 제한될 수 있다”고 밝혔다. 따라서 헌법상의 노동기본권도 재산권과의 균형을 고려하여 정당한 쟁의행위에 대해서만 면책이 될 뿐이라고 주장했다. 또한 이 교수는 “노동기본권 행사라는 명목하에 명백한 불법행위에까지 면죄부를 준다면, 이는 기존 법질서의 근간을 뒤흔드는 입법으로, 비교법적으로도 이러한 입법의 유래를 찾기 어렵다”고 강조했다.

Genome-wide expression profiles of contrasting inbred lines of Chinese cabbage, Chiifu and Kenshin, under temperature stress

이정여,임용표,한징택,노일섭,허윤강 한국유전학회 2013 Genes & Genomics Vol.35 No.3

Abiotic stresses such as extreme temperatures frequently limit plant growth and productivity of major crop species. To identify temperature-stress responsive genes in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of two contrasting genotypes, the inbred lines Chiifu and Kenshin, under and heat-shock conditions. Of 23,929 unigenes deposited on a Br24Kmicroarray,17,603 genes were significantly expressed. Chiifu expression profiles were more prevalent under , and those of Kenshin were more prevalent under heat-shock. Previously characterized genes, with little exception, show similar changes to temperature stress. We found that a relatively large number of genes were expressed in response to temperature stress and genotype,amounting to 24 and 126 genes fromand heat-shock conditions, respectively. These genes could be used in molecular marker development for either high or low temperature-resistant Brassica spp. Only ten genes, including TCH4 and CBL1, were up-regulated in both genotypes under all stress treatments, implying possible candidates for broad spectrum, stress-resistant crop production.

Identification of source‑sink tissues in the leaf of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) by carbohydrate content and transcriptomic analysis

이정여,Xiangshu Dong,최관,송하영,이한결,허윤강 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.1

Background A leaf of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) is composed of a photosynthetic blade and a nonphotosynthetic large midrib; thus each leaf contains both source and sink tissues. This structure suggests that, unlike in other plants, source-sink metabolism is present in a single leaf of Chinese cabbage. Objective This study was designed to identify the transport route of photosynthetic carbon and to determine whether both source and sink tissues were present in a leaf. Methods Plant samples were collected diurnally. Their carbohydrate contents were measured, and a genome-wide transcriptome analysis was performed using the Br300K microarray. Expression profiles of selected genes were validated using qRT-PCR analysis. Results The presence of two contrasting tissues (blade as source and midrib as sink) in a leaf was demonstrated by (1) diurnal distribution patterns of starch and sucrose content; (2) Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of microarray data; (3) expression profiles of photosynthetic and sucrose biosynthetic genes; and (4) expression patterns of a variety of sugar transporter genes. Conclusion Source and sink tissues were both present in Chinese cabbage leaves, but the midrib functioned as a sink tissue as well as a site exporting to roots and other sink tissues. Function of most genes discriminating between source and sink tissue appeared to be regulated largely at the post-transcriptional level, not at the transcriptional level.

Ⅴ. 발파진동, 발파풍압 및 비석의 조절을 통한 안전발파

李正仁(이정인) 대한토목학회 1993 대한토목학회지 Vol.41 No.1

韓国における地方行政体制改編論の争点と課題

李貞滿(이정만) 경기연구원 2010 GRI 연구논총 Vol.12 No.1

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of an Early Light-Inducible Gene, BrELIP, from Brassica rapa, and Its Overexpression Protects Arabidopsis

이정여,김태진,임용표,방재욱,허윤강 한국유전학회 2006 Genes & Genomics Vol.28 No.3

The gene encoding for the early light-induced protein (ELIP), which confers tolerance against photo-oxidative stress conditions in plants, was cloned from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa; BrELIP) and examined with regard to both its expression characteristics and its putative functions in photo-damage pathways. BrELIP evidences a high degree of similarity to Arabidopsis ELIP genes, and its expression is induced by intense light, cold, high temperatures and NaCl treatment, but not by wounding or paraquat exposure. The accumulation of BrELIP transcripts was induced under low-temperature conditions (below 4oC) and was also increased by intense light, of 1,000 molm-2s-1. In addition, the accumulation of BrELIP mRNA was induced via the induction of heat-shock conditions at temperatures in excess of 28oC. BrELIP was also transiently expressed during the greening of the plants. The expression of the ELIP gene in two inbred lines of the Chinese cabbage plant, Chiifu and Kenshin, evidenced different light sensitivity characteristics, indicating that an inbred line, derived from a low- latitude origin, might have a lower degree of sensitivity to a high-light stress environment. BrELIP-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants evidenced resistance to high-light stress by protecting PSII against photoinactivation, via the facilitation of an efficient flow of light energy through photochemical pathways, as well as the efficient release of excess heat energy. Our findings indicated that BrELIP fulfills a photoprotective function in Arabidopsis plants during a variety of stress conditions.

주민참여예산제의 운영 실태와 정책 과제에 관한 연구

이정만(李貞滿) 한국지방자치학회 2014 韓國地方自治學會報 Vol.26 No.2

The purpose of this paper is to explore the operation process and to find the ways for improvements of participatory budgeting system(PBS) in Chungnam-do. It is appreciable that Chungnam-do Authority institutionalized PBS despite the strong opposition of local assembly and have made some efforts to improve PBS recently. However, the institutional devices and activities to raise the level of citizens participation are insufficient on the whole, which shows the low effectiveness of PBS. And bureaucrats take the strong initiative in the overall operation process of PBS. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the institutional devices to organize citizens participation and to collect the citizens" opinion for a successful PBS. The efforts to increase the representatives and deliberation depth of Citizens Committee for PBS are also required especially. And it is very important to link Chungnam-do PBS with the primary local governments" PBS and to introduce the research supporting organization for keeping continuous institutional improvements.

Sugar content and expression of sugar metabolism-related gene in strawberry fruits from various cultivars

이정여,김현비,노영희,민성란,이행순,정재은,박근향,김대수,남명현,김태일,김선주,김혜란 한국식물생명공학회 2018 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.45 No.2

Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) is a globallycultivated and popular fruit crop, prized for its flavor and nutritional value. Sweetness, a key determinant of fruit quality, depends on the sugar composition and concentration. We selected eight strawberry cultivars based on the fruit soluble solids content to represent high and low sugar content groups. The average soluble solid content was 13.6 °Brix (Okmae, Geumsil, Aram, and Maehyang) and 2.9 °Brix (Missionary, Camino Real, Portola, and Gilgyung53), for the high and low sugar content groups, respectively. Sucrose was the main sugar in the cultivars with high sugar content, whereas fructose was the main component in the low sugar content cultivars. Fruit starch concentration ranged from 3.247±0.056 to 3.850±0.055 g/100g, with a 12% higher concentration in the high sugar content cultivars. Additionally, we identified 41 sugar metabolism-related genes in Fragaria × ananassa and analyzed the relationship between their transcripts and the sugar accumulation in fruit. FaGPT1, FaTMT1, FaHXK1, FaPHS1, FaINVA-3, and FacxINV2-1 were highly expressed in the high sugar content cultivars, while FapGlcT, FaTMT2-1, FaPHS2-1, FaSUSY1-1, and FaSUSY1-2 were highly expressed in the low sugar content cultivars. In general, a greater number of genes encoding sugar transporters or involved in sugar synthesis were highly expressed in the high sugar content cultivars. Contrarily, genes involved in sugar degradation were preferentially transcribed in the low sugar content cultivars. Although gene expression was not perfectly proportional to sugar content or concentration, our analysis of the genes involved in sugar metabolism and accumulation in strawberries provides a framework for further studies and for the subsequent engineering of sugar metabolism to enhance fruit quality.

현장에서 느끼는 정유업계에의 작은 소망

李廷仁(이정인) 한국마케팅연구원 1992 마케팅 Vol.26 No.11