국소성 분절성 사구체 신병증의 동물 모델 (FGS/kist 생쥐) 신 조직의 유전자 발현 양상

강희경,이병섭,이철호,하일수,정해일,최용,Kang, Hee-Gyung,Lee, Byong-Sop,Lee, Chul-Ho,Ha, Il-Soo,Cheong, Hae-Il,Choi, Yong 대한소아신장학회 2011 Childhood kidney diseases Vol.15 No.1

목 적: 국소성 분절성 사구체 경화증(Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 이하 FSGS)은 소아신부전의 원인 중 가장 흔한 사구체 질환이다. 일차성 FSGS의 병인은 아직 알려져 있지 않으므로, 저자들은 FSGS의 동물 모델을 대상으로 cDNA 마이크로어레이를 이용한 유전자 발현 양상 분석을 통하여 유전자 발현 수준에서의 FSGS의 질환의 특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 방 법: 사람의 일차성 FSGS와 유사한 질병경과를 보이는 동물모델인 FGS/kist 생쥐의 신피질 조직을 대조군 생쥐(FGS/kist 생쥐의 조상 strain인 RFM/kist 생쥐)와 AB 1700 mouse chip을 이용한 마이크로어레이 실험으로 비교하였다. 결 과: FGS 질병특이 유전자가 62개 추출되었다. 이들은 세포주기/사멸, 면역반응과 지질 대사/혈관 질환과 관련된 유전자들로써, 유전자간 network의 중심유전자가 면역반응(TNF, IL-6/4, IFNg)과 세포사멸 조절 유전자(TP 53), 그리고 지질대사의 중요 유전자인 PPARG이었다. 결 론: 이 연구에서 저자들은 자발적인 FSGS의 임상경과를 보이는 FGS/Kist 생쥐의 신장조직의 유전자 발현의 분석을 통하여 신장세포사멸과 면역반응에 뒤따르는 기질 섬유화, 그리고 지질 대사의 이상과 조기 혈관 질환이 FSGS의 병태생리에 기여할 것임을 다시 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적인 연구가 계속된다면 global transcriptome profiling 기법으로 병인 탐색 및 치료방법 개발 에 의미 있는 결과를 도출할 수 있을 것이다. Purpose: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the most common glomerulopathy causing pediatric renal failure. Since specific treatment targeting the etiology and pathophysiology of primary FSGS is yet elusive, the authors explored the pathophysiology of FSGS by transcriptome analysis of the disease using an animal model. Methods: FGS/kist strain, a mouse model of primary FSGS, and RFM/kist strain, as control and the parent strain of FGS/kist, were used. Kidney tissues were harvested and isolated renal cortex was used to extract mRNA, which was run on AB 1700 mouse microarray chip after reverse transcription to get the transcriptome profile. Results: Sixty two genes were differentially expressed in FGS/kist kidney tissue compared to the control. Those genes were related to cell cycle/cell death, immune reaction, and lipid metabolism/vasculopathy, and the key molecules of their networks were TNF, IL-6/4, IFN${\gamma}$, TP53, and PPAR${\gamma}$. Conclusion: This study confirmed that renal cell death, immune system activation with subsequent fibrosis, and lipid metabolism-related early vasculopathy were involved in the pathophysiology of FSGS. In addition, the relevance of methodology used in this study, namely transcriptome profiling, and Korean animal model of FGS/kist was validated. Further study would reveal novel pathophysiology of FSGS for new therapeutic targets.

회장 말단부에 장중첩증을 유발한 염증성 섬유양 용종

이일수(Il Soo Lee),문취용(Chi Young Moon),이인상(In Sang Lee),박봉태(Bong Tae Park),장도현(Do Hyun Chang),박종호(Chong Ho park),최호수(Ho Soo Choi),전광수(Gang Soo Chun),김동진(Dong Chin Kim),이채원(Chae Won Lee )) 대한소화기학회 1994 대한소화기학회지 Vol.26 No.5

Inflammatory fibroid polyps(IFP) is a relatively rare, benign polyp which is composed of fi- brous connective tissue, blood vessels, and infiltration of eosinophils. The majority of inflam- matory fibroid polyps has been reported with pathologic specimen in stomach and small intes tine. Terminal ileal inflammatory fibroid polyps differ from gastric lesion because they are larger and are almost all pedunculated. As a result, they tend to produce intussusception with intestinal obstruction. We present a case of inflamrnatory fibroid polyp of distal ileum causing intussusception with literature review.(Korean J Gastroenterol 1994; 26: 874 878)

앨리스의 시민성

이일수(Il-soo Lee) 19세기영어권문학회 2011 19세기 영어권 문학 Vol.15 No.1

This paper argues that “the wonders” by themselves are impossible without the routine. The routine establishes a base where the wonders can lurk and penetrate the mundane. In Lewis Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking Glass, the author calls the reader's attention to the structural, constitutional aspects of the wonders, and of the routine; both are institutionalized within one another. Alice's metamorphosis can be read as the one of the significant wonders which Victorian citizens had created in their routine when they tried to ‘return' to their everyday lives, as Marx exhorted. The new existence surfaces out of her childhood: not the one as the peripheral to the citizen par excellence but as the human agent undertaking the bodily perception of the wonders. This would-be modern woman Alice is meant to pursue her adventures eventually to get somewhere; somewhere that is different from her past home, somewhere where the wonders all of sudden get to the surface of the present.

Protrusion of N-acetylglucosamine Kinase Clusters into the Base of Excitatory Synapses

Il Soo Moon(문일수),Sun-Jung Cho(조선정),HyunSook Lee(이현숙),Dae-Hyun Seog(석대현),Randall Walikonis 한국생명과학회 2009 생명과학회지 Vol.19 No.8

N-Acetylglucosamine kinase (GlcNAc kinase or NAGK; EC 2.7.1.59)는 GlcNAc를 인산화하여 GlcNAc-6-phosphate를 만드는 효소이다. 효소자체에 대한 자세한 연구에도 불구하고 포유류에서NAGK의 표현에 대한 연구는 거의 없다. 배양한 흰쥐의 해마신경세포에서 NAGK은 세포체/가지돌기 영역에서 클러스터(cluster)를 형성한다. 본 연구에서는 가지돌기의 긴 축에서부터 가쪽으로 돌출되는 NAGK 클러스터에 대하여 연구하였다. 배양한 해마신 경세포를 NAGK와 다양한 연접표지단백질에 대한 항체로 이중염색한 결과 NAGK 클러스터가 가지돌기의 바닥에는 있었지만 억제성 연접후부위에는 존재하지 않았다. 또한 흰쥐 전뇌(forebrain)의 균질액(homogenate, BH), 연접체(synaptosome, S), 연접후치밀질(postsynaptic density, PSD) 분획을 NAGK 항체로 면역염색한 결과 NAGK는 연접체에는 있었지만 PSD 분획에는 존재하지 않았다. 이러한 결과들은 NAGK가 가지돌기가시(spine)의 바닥쪽으로 돌출됨을 의미한다. N-Acetylglucosamine kinase (GlcNAc kinase or NAGK; EC 2.7.1.59) catalyzes the phosphorylation of GlcNAc to GlcNAc-6-phosphate (GlcNAc-6-P). Despite detailed characterization of the enzyme itself, there have been few studies on the expression of NAGK in mammalian tissues. In the rat hippocampal neuron in culture, NAGK-immunoreactivity (IR) formed clusters in somatodendritic domains. In this study we characterized the NAGK clusters that protrude out the long axis of dendritic shafts. By double-labeling of the neurons with antibodies against NAGK and various synaptic proteins, we show that NAGK is positioned at the base of spines, while there were no NAGK protrusions into inhibitory postsynaptic sites. Immunoblot analysis showed that NAGK was included in synaptosomes but not in PSD fractions. Our results indicate that the NAGK clusters at the dendritic periphery protrude into spines.

The Potential ‘O-GlcNAc-P’om’

Il Soo Moon(문일수),HyunSook Lee(이현숙),Hyung Jong Lee(이형종) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.2

O-GlcNAc 화(O-GlcNAcylation)는 단백질의 serine이나 threonine에 N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) 분자가 결합하는 것으로, 기존의 당단백질과 달리 세포질 및 핵단백질 모두에 일어난다. 또한 수정의 속도가 빠르고 가역적으로 일어남이 인산화 수식과 유사하다. 그러나 수많은 인산화효소와 탈인산화효소가 관여하는 것과 달리 O-GlcNAc 수식은 O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT)와 O-GlcNAcase (OGA) 단 두 개의 효소에 의하여 이루어진다. 이러한 단순한 조절기전은 세포가 내외환경에 즉시 적응할 수 있도록 진화한 것으로 해석된다. 즉, O-GlcNAc 수식은 특정한 단백질 하나 하나의 활성을 켜거나 끄는 것이 아니라, 세포의 신호전달과정의 효율을 전반적으로 조절하는 ‘가변저항기(rheostat)’ 역할을 한다. O-GlcNAc 수식은 흔히 같은 아미노산 혹은 그 주변의 아미노산이 인산화되는 것을 수반하는데, 이는 인산화와 함께 서로 조화를 이루어 세포활성을 조절하는 것으로 해석된다. 최근 O-GlcNAc이 더 나아가 O-GlcNAc-P로 인산화될 가능성이 제시되고 있는 바, 본 총설에서는 이의 가능성을 이론적으로 설명하고, 실제 실험결과를 소개한다. The addition and removal of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) molecules on serine or threonine residues of a protein is called O-GlcNAcylation. This post-translational modification occurs on both cytoplasmic and nuclear protein, and is fast and reversible as comparable to phosphorylation. In contrast to the phospho-signaling cycles, this emerging moon-lightening signaling is cycled by only two enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). The simple machinery is a good evolutionary adaptation of a cell for quick accommodation to continuously fluctuating intra- and extracellular microenvironments. Rather than “switching” on or off a specific proteins ? this would be done by phosphorylation where numerous specific kinases and phosphatases are involved - O-GlcNAcylation would play a “rheostat” which would be much more delicately increase or decrease the efficacy of signal transductions in response to cellular nutrient and stress conditions. Interestingly, recent evidence indicates that O-GlcNAc is further modified by phosphorylation. The O-GlcNAc-P will upgrade the modulation efficiency of cellular processes to continuous ‘analogue’ level. So far, only one protein AP180 was reported to have O-GlcNAc-P on Thr310. But, proteomic data from our laboratory indicate that there are multiple O-GlcNAc-P proteins, constituting “O-GlcNAc-P’om”. This will focus on the possibility of existence of “O-GlcNAc-P’om”.

앵글형 전단연결재의 제작 및 구조성능

채일수(Il-Soo Chae),김형석(Hyung-Seok Kim),신경재(Kyung-Jae Shin),박한민(Han-Min Park),이준섭(Jun-Seop Lee) 한국강구조학회 2020 韓國鋼構造學會誌 Vol.32 No.6

테스와 세스의 모성 그리고 관망의 도의성

이일수 ( Il Soo Lee ) 영미문학연구회 2011 영미문학연구 Vol.21 No.-

This paper intends to examine the theme of motherhood in Thomas Hardy`s Tess of the D`Urbervilles and Toni Morrison`s Beloved, in terms of ``regarding.`` egarding, according to Freud, is the seminal phase in which subject`s consciousness meditates violence-afflicted victims and violence-afflicting agents. Historically, the proper meaning of motherhood has been strictly circumscribed in terms of women`s servitude and submission to the male dominant system. In these works desperate mothers and their children who had been rejected by arbitrary patriarchal norms performed a certain kind of ``regarding.`` The outcast mothers in the works respectively respond to the societies and performed their independent mothering role. For Tess, her motherhood lies in her regarding the world as a disinterested spectator, which D. H. Lawrence emphatically declared to be a state of mental aristocracy. This regarding consciousness of Tess is the seminal, constituent part of her independent motherhood chiefly embodied in mother`s breast. For Sethe, her motherhood is intimately related with her lost daughter, Beloved. In the scenes of the house 124, the mother is symbolically and literally revisited, regarded, and remembered by her baby-ghost incarnate. The baby-ghost itself also seems to be a modern reader as well as a real victim of slavery in the 19th century American society. According to the Freudian triptych of ``child`s being beaten`` fantasies, one can postulate a subject who can sympathize with and participate in another`s pain, and read in Beloved a new language of maternity which will beget a participating ethics of regarding.

전자동 감자 파종기 시작기의 성능 평가

최일수 ( Il Soo Choi ),김재동 ( Jae Dong Kim ),유홍섭 ( Hong Seob Yu ),이동훈 ( Dong Hoon Lee ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.21 No.1

비루한 과거 혹은 여성 -호손과 길먼, 와튼의 괴담서사 읽기

이일수 ( Il Soo Lee ) 영미문학연구회 2014 영미문학연구 Vol.27 No.-

This essay examines ‘the uncanny’ or the abject selfhood that occurred in the gothic stories written by several American writers, Hawthorne, Gilman and Wharton. According to Freud, as long as we strive to overcome our primitive, unconscious instincts, they will surely return to our present in the form of ‘the uncanny.’ Our past is not to be simply forgotten and buried. Its repressed fragments will eventually visit us at the most unexpected moments and, the subsequent fear of them urges us to consciously scrutinize the present repression. Thus, these three writers used their narrative strategies of reclaiming, and historicizing the purged, abject past. Hawthorne, in his “Alice Doanne’s Appeal” and “The Birthmark,” summoned the voice of the past to ask readers what if our blind pursuit of the perfect present, ironically, destroys our life to the root. However, he left a critical void behind as to the female characters’ expressivity. Later the modern female writers such as Gilman and Wharton, in “The Yellow Wallpaper” and in “The Eyes” respectively, managed to inherit his profound literary question as such, and excavated a new, female speaking/writing subject out of the nineteenth-century women’s domesticity.

Multi-detector Computed Tomography를 이용한 Neck 검사에서 Automatic Exposure Control을 이용한 선량의 최적화

이일수(Il Soo Lee),김문찬(Moon Chan Kim),이민영(Min Yung Lee),남윤철(Yoon Cheol Nam),한동균(Dong Kyoon Han) 대한CT영상기술학회 2010 대한CT영상기술학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Purpose The purpose of die study was to compare diagnostic acceptability, noise and radiation exposure of neck multi-detector computed tomography(MDCT) performed with automatic exposure control(AEC) and fixed mA method. Materials and methods A 50 patient group were divided into 5 groups: used fixed mA, AEC with noise index 7.02, 9.10, 12.22 and 12.60 respectively and evaluated image quality. The CT equipment used GE 64 VCT scanners and neck organ doses were measured using Rando phantom and an optical glass dosimeter and evaluated patient’s image noise and exposure dose. Results There was no significant difference between using AEC technique and fixed mA in diagnostic acceptability and subjective noise. AEC technique resulted in radiation dose reduction of 9.5~35.4% compared with fixed mA technique at noise index 7.02~12.22 in thyroid level. Conslusion AEC method provided acceptable image noise for neck CT and judicious monitoring of radiation dose to patients has to be balanced with diagnostic image quality.