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        1888년 ‘유아납치’ 소동의 전말과 각국의 대응

        박한민(Park Han-min) 한국역사연구회 2018 역사와 현실 Vol.- No.109

        Examined in this article is the so-called ‘Kidnapped Babies Rumor’ incident, which broke out in June 1888. Discussed here is how it all began, and how all the involved countries -including Joseon - viewed and reacted to this rumor. In June 1888, the rumor of “Westerners kidnapping Joseon toddlers” spreaded throughout the Joseon capital. It frightened many Joseon parents, and eventually American, French and Russian soldiers who had earlier been stationed in Incheon were suddenly required to move into the capital for the purpose of increasing security and of course protection of their own citizens. In the wake of all that, unarmed Japanese troops also hastily entered the Joseon capital, but their entrance was a breach of their obligation to observe Article 3 of the convention of Tientsin, which had been signed between Japan and Qing three years earlier in April 1885. The Japanese legation had to explain to Yuan Shikai of Qing the reason a large number of Japanese soldiers entered Hanseong(the Joseon Capital), and then the soldiers had to fall back to Incheon immediately. After all these troops entered the Joseon capital, the Joseon government’s Foreign Office generated a draft for a formal notification to all embassies and legations, and showed it to the diplomatic ministers of each country. In the process, the term ‘each country’ was changed to ‘A number of marines from U.S., France, Russia,’ at the request of Japan. With commotions breaking out in the capital, Joseon King Gojong asked the U.S. and Russian legation to send (additional) troops into the capital to subdue them. And as there were also a request from the representatives of diplomatic delegations to effectively manage the situation and enforce security on the streets, orders of swift search and arrest were issued, while patrols in the Jeongdong area -where many foreigners were living- were increased as well. In the process of subduing commotions, quite interestingly, Gojong used the situation itself to create a new condition favorable to the Joseon government, by mobilizing his own secret network of supporters in implementing security measures in his own capital. In that regard, the person who benefitted most from this ‘kidnapped children’ fuss can be said to have been most ironically the king Gojong of Joseon, while the person whose political position was most harmed was Yuan Shikai of Qing, as he was actually accused of being behind the commotion triggered by the rumor. Apparently he was considerably antagonized by other political factions in Joseon and was being thoroughly checked. He had to deal with the Japanese legation over the issue of potential breaches of Article 3 of the convention of Tientsin, yet failed to turn the table to fully favor Qing. Considering the nature and especially the overall result of this incident, it seems highly probable that the Joseon king himself was to some extent involved in the conception and unfolding of the incident itself, with the intention of raising his own political profile and maneuverability in diplomatic issues.

      • KCI등재
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      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재

        조일수호조규 관철을 위한 일본의 정찰활동과 조선의 대응

        박한민(Park, Han-min) 역사학회 2013 역사학보 Vol.0 No.217

        This article focuses on Chosun and Japan’s mutual recognition and action about Japan minister and his entourage’s reconnaissance while approaching Seoul in the late 1870s. Until 1880, when Japan minister’s residing in Seoul was not allowed, Japan had no specific information on Chosun’s inland areas before establishing the Japanese legation in Seoul. Therefore, Japan conducted research so that it could lay foundation for advance to Chosun. The country incessantly had scouted for the shortest overland route from Incheon to Seoul, drawing maps of it. In addition, it gathered information from various angles, reconnoitering Chosun’s inland areas to extend its range of activity there. Through this actions, Japanese revised mistaken informations about Chosun’s inland areas. On the other hand, they tenaciously asked for free passage in Hansung and went as far as to try to enter Changdeok Palace where King Kojong had stayed. On the other hand, Chosun officials attempted to restrict the activities that Japan’s charge d´affaires and his entourage’s reconnaissance had taken, as they worried about the leakage of confidential information on the country. There was also no example to allow free passage when Qing’s delegation had been dispatched to Chosun in the past. Official such as Kangsugwan read the purpose of Japanese scout actions. However, the Chosun people who had encountered Japanese officials on the street were under uneasiness at their entrances of Hansung for having memories and experiences of Japanese invasion in 1592. So there had been several accidents where Chosun people threw stones at the Japanese, after the Japanese officials coming into the capital.

      • KCI등재

        녹차-목재섬유복합보드의 동적탄성률에 미치는 녹차배합비율의 영향 및 휨 진동법에 의한 정적 휨 강도성능 예측

        박한민 ( Han Min Park ),이수경 ( Soo Kyeong Lee ),석지훈 ( Ji Hoon Seok ),최남경 ( Nam Kyeong Choi ),권창배 ( Chang Bea Kwon ),허황선 ( Hwang Sun Heo ),변희섭 ( Hee Seop Byeon ),양재경 ( Jae Kyung Yang ),김종철 ( Jong Cheol Kim 한국목재공학회 2011 목재공학 Vol.39 No.6

        이 연구에서는 녹차와 목재섬유를 복합한 친환경 복합보드를 건축내장재로 활용하기 위하여, 목재섬유에 대한 녹차의 배합비율을 달리한 녹차-목재섬유 복합보드를 제작하였고, 복합보드의 동적탄성률에 미치는 녹차의 배합비율 및 바인더로 사용한 접착제의 영향을 조사하였다. 녹차-목재섬유복합보드의 동적탄성률은 녹차를 넣지 않은 대조보도(control boards)의 그것보다 적었고, 녹차배합비율이 증가할수록 커지는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, 보드제조에 사용된 바인더의 종류에 따라 동적탄성률의 차이가 나타났는데, E1급의 요소수지가 E0급의 요소수지보다 1.06~1.54배의 높은 값을 나타내었으며, 녹차의 배합비율이 커질수록 양자의 차이는 커지는 것이확인되었다. 한편, 녹차-목재섬유복합보드의 동적탄성률과 휨 강도성능과는 비교적 높은 상관관계가 확인되어 일부 편차가 큰 조건을 제외하고 동적탄성률로부터 정적 휨 강도성능의 예측이 가능할 것으로 확인되었다. In this study, eco-friendly hybrid composite boards were manufactured from green tea and wood fibers for application as interior materials with various functionalities of green tea and streng strength properties of wood fibers. In this relation, the effect of green tea content on dyramic MOEs (modulus of elasticity) of these green tea and wood fibers composite boards were investigated. The dynamic MOEs of hybrid composite boards were lower than those of control boards without green tea, and the values decreased with the increase of green tea content. Also, the dynamic MOEs appeared to be somewhat different by resin type used for board manufacture. The hybrid composite boards manufactured from E1 grade urea resin, which has higher molar ratio of formaldehyde to urea than that of E0 grade one, were 1.06~1.54 times higher than that manufactured from E0 grade. And, the differences between hybrid composite boards manufactured from both adhesive increased with the increase of green tea content. On the other hand, high correlations were found between dynamic MOE and static bending strength performances, it was concluded that static bending strength performances could be estimated from the dynamic MOE, except for a few hybrid board types with large variations.

      • 1883년 덴주마루(天壽丸)의 울릉도 목재 불법반출과 조일 간 반환 교섭

        박한민 ( Park Han Min ) 고려대학교 역사연구소(구 역사학연구회) 2020 사총 Vol.99 No.-

        이 글에서는 1883년 11월 울릉도로 도항하여 섬에 있던 목재를 일본까지 불법으로 반출해 간 사건을 두고 조선과 일본이 교섭한 전말을 외교사료관 소장 자료를 중심으로 검토했다. 이 사건을 일으킨 자는 에히메현 출신으로 덴주마루를 운항하였던 무라카미 도쿠하치였다. 무라카미는 세 번에 걸쳐 울릉도까지 왕래하면서 일본 상인에게 고용되어 목재를 운반하는 역할을 담당했다. 이 사이에 일본 내무성에서는 히가키 나오에를 울릉도로 파견하여 섬에 체류하고 있던 일본인들을 전원 퇴거시켰다. 무라카미가 목재를 반출했다는 소식을 일본 현지에서 접한 동남제도개척사 김옥균은 가이 군지를 에히메현 현지로 보내어 조사하고 소송을 제기하도록 했다. 조선 정부에서도 새로 체결한 「조일통상장정」을 위반한 것을 거론하면서 공식적으로 문제를 제기했다. 재판 진행 과정에서 일본정부도 무라카미의 행위가 조약 위반임을 인정했으며, 규정에 따라 벌금을 징수하고, 목재를 매각한 비용을 정산하여 조선 정부에 건네주었다. 여기서 활용된 조관은 제33관과 제40관이었다. 재판 과정에서 남아 있던 압수물품을 어떻게 처분할지를 두고 일본 정부 내에서 논의가 있었는데, 결과적으로는 무라카미에게 돌려주었다. 조선정부에서는 비개항장의 밀반출 물품에 대하여 청구권을 행사하는 조약상 근거로 「조일통상장정」을 적극 활용하였다. 일본 정부에서는 외무성과 내무성, 사법성 등이 논의를 진행하면서 대응 방향을 설정하였다. 아울러 향후 자국민의 조선도항을 단속하는 기준을 마련해 나가고 있었다는 점에서 주목할 만한 사례이다. The article review all the negotiations between Joseon and Japan over the illegal shipment of timber from Ulleung island to Japan by sailing in November 1883 based on the documents from Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan(外務省外交史料館). The man responsible for the incident was Tokuhachi Murakami(村上德八) from Ehime Prefecture(愛媛縣) who flew Tenjiumaru. He traveled to Ulleung Island three times, where he was hired by a Japanese merchant to transport timbers. Meanwhile, Japan’s Naimusho (內務省) dispatched officer Naoe Higaki(檜垣直枝) to Ulleung Island to evict all Japanese staying in the island. Kim Ok-kyun(金玉均), a Land-Opening Official for the Southeastern Islands(東南諸島開拓使) who heard that Murakami had shipped out the timber, sent Gunji Gai (甲斐軍治) to Ehime Prefecture to investigate and file a lawsuit. The Joseon government also officially raised the issue, citing the violation of the newly signed Regulations under which Japanese Trade is to be Conducted in Korea and Responses of Various Countries in 1883. In the course of the trial, the Japanese government admitted that Murakami’s conduct was a violation of the treaty, collected fines according to regulations, settled the cost of exporting the timber and handed it over to the Joseon government. The treaty’s articles cited here were the 33th and the 40th. There was discussion within the Japanese government about how to dispose of the confiscated items left over during the trial, which eventually returned them to Murakami. The Joseon government actively utilized the newly signed trade treaty as the basis for exercising its claim against goods smuggled out of non-opening ports. It is noteworthy that the Japanese government was setting up a countermeasure as the Foreign Ministry, the Interior Ministry and the Judicial Affairs Ministry were discussing the issue about sailing to Joseon by Japanese, and it was setting a standard to crack down on future.

      • KCI등재

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