3배체잉어 근육의 식품성분에 관한 연구 1. 3배체잉어 근육의 정미성분

이응호,정부길,김진수,안창범,오광수,LEE Eung-Ho,CHUNG Bu-Gil,KIM Jin-Soo,AHN Chang-Bum,OH Kwang-Soo 한국수산과학회 1989 한국수산과학회지 Vol.22 No.3

일반양식어(2배체)에 비해 사료효율이 높고, 성장율이 좋은 3배체잉어에 대한 식품학적 기초자료를 얻고자 비산란기 2배체잉어와 3배체잉어의 식품성분을 비교$\cdot$검토하였으며 아울러 산란기 2배체잉어와도 비교하였다. 일반성분은 비산란기 2배체잉어 및 3배체잉어가 산란기 2배체잉어에 비하여 수분함량은 낮았으며 조지방은 오히려 높았다. 배쪽육 및 등쪽육의 총유 리아미노산함량은 비산란기 2배체잉어가 각각 363.0mg/100g, 357.8mg/100g으로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 3배체잉어 (346.1mg/100g, 333.4mg/100g), 산란기 2배체잉어(329.5mg/100g, 326.0mg/100g)의 순이었다. 시료어 및 근육의 종류에 관계없이 함량이 많은 유리 아미노산으로는 histidine, taurine, Iysine 및 glycine 등이었고, 이들은 전체의 $77.5\~83.2\%$를 차지하였으며, 그 중에서도 특히 histidine 함량이 많았다. 핵산관련물질함량은 시료어 및 근육의 종류에 관계없이 IMP함량($179.4\~198.4mg/100g$)이 가장 많았고, 다음으로 ATP함량이 많았으며, ADP, AMP, inosine 등은 미량 검출되었다. 시료어 및 근육의 종류에 따른 핵산관련물질함량의 차이는 거의 없었다. 총creatinine함량은 근육종류에 관계없이 거의 유사하였으나, 시료어간에 있어 서는 비산란기 2배체잉어가 함량이 가장 많았고, 다음으로 3배체잉어, 산란기 2배체잉어의 순이었다. betaine함량은 $63.5\~66.1mg/100g$으로 시료간에 거의 차이가 없었으며 TMAO는 모든 시료구에서 미량 검출되었다. 함량으로 미루어 보아 3배체 잉어의 맛에는 유리아미노산, 핵산관련물질 및 총creatinine의 순으로 관여하리라 생각된다. 3배체잉어의 총구성아미노산함량은 근육의 종류에 관계없이 비산란기 및 산란기 2배체잉어에 비하여 약간 적었으나 큰 차이는 없었다. 무기질에 있어서는 3배체잉어가 비산란기 2배체잉어에 비하여 인 및 철의 함량은 약간 적었으나 칼슘의 함량은 오히려 많았다. 이상의 결과로부터 3배체잉어는 비산란기 2배체잉어와 비교하여 볼 때 맛성분 및 영양성분에 약간 적었지만 큰 차이는 없었고, 산란기 2배체잉어보다는 그 함량이 많아 성(性)적 성숙기 및 산란기가 없는 3배체잉어는 식품원료학적으로 가치 있다는 결론을 얻었다. To obtain basic data on food components of triploid fish, we undertook the analysis of free amino acid, nucleotide, total creatinine, betaine, trimethylamine oxide(TMAO) and their related compounds in diploid and triploid carps(Cyprinus carpio). The contents of total free amino acid and its related compounds in belly and dorsal muscles of triploid carp were 346.1mg/100g and 333.4mg/100g. Histidine occupied $45.1\%\;and\;46.9\%$ in belly and dorsal muscles, and followed by taurine, lysine and glycine in order. As for the compositions of nucleotide and its related compounds in those muscles of triploid carp, IMP were revealed $73.9\%\;and\;65.8\%$ of total nucleotide and its related compounds. The major component of the other organic base in those muscles of triploid carp was total creatinine, but betaine and TMAO were poor. The contents of taste compounds such as free amino acid, nucleotide, total creatinine, betaine, TMAO and their related compounds were less in triploid carp than in diploid carp of nonspawning season, while were more in triploid carp than in diploid carp of spawning season. Total amino acid contents were more in diploid carp of nonspawning season than in triploid carp, but mineral contents were more in triploid carp than in diploid carp of spawning season. Therefore, it is believed that triploid carp is very worthy for a tasty and nutritional food source.

3배체잉어 근육의 식품성분에 관한 연구 2. 3배체잉어 근육의 지방질 성분

이응호,정부길,김진수,안창범,주동식,오광수,LEE Eung-Ho,CHUNG Bu-Gil,KIM Jin-Soo,AHN Chang-Bum,JOO Dong-Sik,OH Kwang-Soo 한국수산과학회 1989 한국수산과학회지 Vol.22 No.3

3배체잉어의 식품학적 품질평가라는 관점에서 3 배체잉어, 비산란기 및 산란기 2배체잉어의 지방질 성분을 분석, 비교하였다. 비산란기 2배체잉어 및 3배체잉어의 지방질함량은 $2.4\~3.1\%$로 유사하였으나 산란기 2배체잉어는 이보다 약간 낮은 $1.9\~1.4\%$이었고, 중성지방질함량은 비산란기 2배체잉어 및 3배체잉어가 많았고 반면, 당지방질 및 인지방질함량은 산란기 2배체잉어가 많았다. 중성지방질은 트리글리세리드($66.9\~86.1\%$)가 주성분이었고, 인지방질은 포스파티딜콜린이 주성분이었다. 시료어간에는 트리글리세리드, 포스파티딜콜린의 함량에 차이가 거의 없었으나, 근육의 종류간에는 트리글리세리드의 경우 등쪽육이, 포스파티딜콜린의 경우 배쪽육이 함량이 많았다. 총지방질의 지방산조성은 세 시료어 모두 모노엔산의 조성비($39.8\~44.5\%$)가 가장 높았으나, 비산란기 및 산란기 2배체잉어의 경우 다음으로 폴리엔산, 포화산의 순이었고 반면 3배체잉어의 경우 모노엔산, 다음으로 포화산, 폴리엔산의 순이었다. 이들 세 시료어의 주요구성 지방산으로는 18:1, 16:0, 18:2, 18:3 및 16:1등이었고, 3배체잉어는 16:0 및 18:1의 비율이 높았고, 산란기 2배체잉어는 16:0 및 16:1의 조성비가 낮은 반면 20:0, 18:2 및 22:6 등의 조성비가 높았다. 또한 등쪽육과 배쪽육간의 지방산조성은 거의 차이가 없었다. 중성지방질의 지방산조성은 총지방질의 지방산조성과 유사하였고, 당지방질의 지방산조성은 중성지방질과는 다소 차이가 있었으나, 시료어 및 근육의 종류에 따른 큰 차이는 없었지만, 3배체잉어의 18:0의 조성이 다른 시료어에 비하여 상당히 높다는 것이 특징적이었다. 인지방질도 역시 중성지방질 및 당지방질의 조성과 차이가 있었으나 시료어 및 근육의 종류간에는 조성이 거의 비슷하였다. To evaluate the quality of lipids and their fatty acid compositions in diploid and triploid carps(Cyprinus carpio), we analyzed the compositions of neutral lipid, phospholipid and glycolipid, and fatty acid contents of each lipids in these carp muscles. Total lipid contents of diploid carps, nonspawning season and spawning season, and triploid carp were $2.5\~3.0\%,\;1.4\~1.9\%\;and\;2.4\~3.1\%$, respectively. Regardless of belly and dorsal muscles, diploid carp of nonspawning season and triploid one were higher in neutral lipid, but lower in glycolipid and phospholipid than those of diploid one of spawning season. The neutral lipid and phospholipid were mainly consisted of triglyceride($66.9\~86.1\%$), and phosphatidyl-choline($55.6\~62.9\%$), respectively. In fatty acid compositions of total lipid, triploid carp showed higher content in monoenes such as 16: 1, 18: 1, but lower in polyenes such as 22:6 than those of diploid carp. The major fatty acids in total lipid were 18:1, 16:9, 18:2, 18:3 and 16:1 in order. The fatty acid compositions of neutral lipids showed similar trend to those of total lipid, and the major fatty acids in phospholipid were 16:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 22:6, These fatty acid compositions of neutral lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid were slightly difference between dorsal and belly muscles in all the carps.

패류의 가공적성 3. 굴의 가공적성

이응호,정승용,김수현,류병호,하진환,오후규,성낙주,양승택,LEE Eung-Ho,CHUNG Seung-Yong,KIM Soo-Hyeun,RYU Byeong-Ho,HA Jin-Hwan,OH Hoo-Gyu,SUNG Nak-Ju,YANG Syng-Tack 한국수산과학회 1975 한국수산과학회지 Vol.8 No.2

로우푸수하식 양식굴의 가공적성에 관한 실험을 하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 굴의 각내부피에 대한 연체부의 무게 또는 각내 부피에 대한 연체부의 부피의 측정값으로서 비만도를 측정하는 지표로 이용할 수 있다. 2. 육류분의 월별변화를 보면 수분과 지방은 대체로 역상관관계가 됐고, 단백질은 4월부터 약간감소하기 시작하여 7월에 급격히 감소하였다가 8월에 다시 급격하게 증가하나 9월부터 다시 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 글리코겐은 4월부터 급격하게 감소하기 시작하여, $6\~8$월에 최저값을 나타내고, 9월부터 다시 증가하였다. pH는 $6.0\~6.2$로서 시간적으로 큰 변화는 찾아 볼 수 없이 거의 일정하였다. 회분은 $6\~8$월에 약간 감소하는 경향이 있었다. 3. 비만도 및 육성분 분석결과로써 가공적성을 판정한다면 가공원료 채취적기는 12월말에서 다음에 5월까지라고 보아진다. 4. 중금속함량의 시기적변화범위를 보면 수은은 $0\~0.019ppm$, 카드뮴은 $0.026\~0.053ppm $, 구리는 $0.111\~0.594ppm$ 남은 $0.061\~0.581ppm로 $로서 가공원료로 안전하다고 볼 수 있다. 5. 생굴을 냉동하기 전에 플리인산나트륨을 $10\%$ 함유한 $5\%$ 식염수에 침지처리한 것은 해동시에 drip 유출방지핵과가 있었다. 6. $ Na_2EDTA$또는 BHA용액에서 침지처리하는 전처리 조작만으로서는 굴 보일드통조림의 황변을 방지할 수 없었다. 7. $2\%$염화마구네슘 용액은 살아 있는 굴의 개각활동을 촉진하는 효과가 있었다. The estimation of the pre-processing condition of oyster is of great importance for distributors and processors. This study was attempted to establish the basic data for evaluating the processing suitability of oyster, which is the most important shellfish for domestic use and export. The data were analysed by measuring the condition index, chemical composition and heavy metal content of oysters. In order to eliminate the manual work that has to be done on a tightly closed oyster shell and avoid shrinkage in the oyster meat which is attendant on the steaming process, chemical means to open oyster were examined. finding the method of pretreatment of polyphosphate for frozen oysters were attempted to improve the product quality. The prevention of undesirable color change of the canned oyster meat is another problem to solve. The important results are as follows : 1. The ratio of meat volume and meat weight to the holding capacity by shells may be useful as an index to measure the condition index of oysters. 2. As a whole, monthly changes of moisture and fat content in oysters were reversely correlated. Protein content slightly decreased from April and rapidly decreased in July, and again rapidly increased in August but from September to November decreased slightly. In April, the content of glycogen was 4 percent. From this period to September, glycogen was rapidly decreased. From July to September, it was only 0. 7 to 1 percent but increased from October. There were little seasonal changes in pH value. The pH value of oyster meat was 6.0 to 6.2. The crude ash content was slightly decreased from June to August. 3. The range of monthly change of heavy metal content are as follows: Total mercury was 0 to 0.019 ppm, cadmium was 0.026 to 0.053 ppm, copper was 0.111 to 0.594 ppm, and lead_was 0.061 to 0.581 ppm. 4. By the results of condition index, chemical composition and heavy metal content of oysters, the suitable harvest season as raw materials for processing was the end of December to the end of May of next year. 5. The pretreatment of 10 percent polyphosphate in 5 percent salt solution of oyster meat appeared effective to reduce thawing drip during cold storage. 6. The pretreatment of $Na_2EDTA$ and BHA did not show the color prevention effect to the canned oyster meat during storage. 7. Magnesium chloride affected to open the valves of oysters.

젤라틴의 원료로서 가자미류 껍질의 성상

김진수(Jin Soo Kim),김정균(Jeong Gyun Kim),조순영(Soon Yeong Cho),하진환(Jin Hwan Ha),이응호(Eung Ho Lee) 한국응용생명화학회 1993 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.36 No.4

In order to utilize effectively fish skin from fish processing, characteristics of the yellowfin sole and dover sole skins were investigated. In the yellowfin sole, the crude protein content and yield of fish skin used for the preparation of gelatin were 22.3% and 11.3%, respectively and in the dover sole, 17.2% and 8.9%, respectively. In the yellowfin sole skin, the soluble and insoluble collagen occupied 66.1% and 33.9%, respectively and in the dover sole skin, 78.8% and 21.1%, respectively. No difference in the amino acid composition between soluble and insoluble collagen was detected. The sum of proline and hydroxyproline content in the collagen extracted from fish skin was lower than that of those from pork skin or bone. The molecular weight of the two major subunits from the soluble collagen in the yellowfin sole skin were found to be 143 KDa and 202 KDa. Those in the dover sole skin were 142 KDa and 207 KDa. The physico-chemical properties such as the melting point and gelling point of yellowfin sole skin gelatin were superior to those of dover sole skin gelatin.

에탄올처리 각시가자미껍질 젤라틴의 물리적 특성에 대한 겔화조건의 영향

김진수(Jin-Soo Kim),조순영(Soon-Yeong Cho),하진환(Jin-Hwan Ha),이응호(Eung-Ho Lee) 한국식품과학회 1995 한국식품과학회지 Vol.27 No.4

찰가자미류 껍질로부터 젤라틴 제조를 위한 조건의 검토

김진수(Jin Soo Kim),조순영(Soon Yeong Cho),고신효(Shin Hyo Ko),하진환(Jin Hwan Ha),신성재(Sung Jae Shin),이응호(Eung Ho Lee) 한국응용생명화학회 1993 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.36 No.6

To utilize effectively fish skin wasted from fish processing, a dower sole skin gelatin was prepared by alkaline extraction method and the physico-chemical properties were examined. Conditions for the suitable pretreatment, extraction and decolorization for gelatin preparation from dower sole skin are as follows: the skin is limed with 1.0% calcium hydroxide solution at 5℃ for 4 days, washed thoroughly for 2 days with tap water, extracted with 5 volumes of water (pH 5.0∼7.0) to dehydrated skin for 3 hours at 50℃, and then bleached with 3% activated carbon. Though dower sole skin gelatin was prepared under above conditions, physico-chemical property values such the melting point and gelling point of that were lower than those of yellowfin sole skin gelatin as well as the commercial pork skin gelatin. Therefore, the purified dower sole skin gelatin requires a suitable modification operation for better quality gelatin manufacture.

각시가자미껍질로부터 젤라틴 제조를 위한 조건의 검토

김진수(Jin-Soo Kim),김정균(Jeong-Gyun Kim),조순영(Soon-Yeong Cho),강경수(Kyung-Soo Kang),하진환(Jin-Hwan Ha),이응호(Eung-Ho Lee) 한국식품과학회 1993 한국식품과학회지 Vol.25 No.6

애탄올처리 찰가자미류껍질 젤라틴의 물리적 특성에 대한 겔화조건의 영향

김진수(Jin Soo Kim),조순영(Soon Yeong Cho),하진환(Jin Hwan Ha),이정석(Jung Suck Lee),이응호(Eung Ho Lee) 한국응용생명화학회 1995 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.38 No.2

Effects of gelation conditions on physical properties of dower sole skin gelatin prepared by fractional precipitation with ethanol were investigated. The physical properties such as gel strength, melting point and gelling point of both ethanol treated and non-ethanoltreated gelatins were improved as concentration of gelatin was increased. The physical property of 10% ethanol treated gelatin sol reached maximum at pH 6.0, whereas non-treated one showed maximum at pH 5.0. Both ethanol treated and non-treated gelatin gel showed the higher gel strength and melting point at lower temperatures and longer period of time. Generally, the physical properties of ethanol treated gelatin gel was better than those of non-ethanol treated gel.

알코올처리 각시가자미껍질 젤라틴의 물리적 특성에 미치는 첨가물의 영향

김진수(Jin Soo Kim),조순영(Soon Yeong Cho),하진환(Jin Hwan Ha),이응호(Eung Ho Lee) 한국응용생명화학회 1996 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.39 No.3

With a view to increase utility of ethanol fractioned fish skin gelatin as a food source, effects of additives on physical properties of the gelatin were investigated. The physical properties such as gel strength, melting point. gelling point and viscosity of both ethanol-treated and untreated gelatins were improved by adding ferric ion, sugar and ethanol to the gelatin sot, but were deteriorated by the added sodium chloride and acids. Insignificant difference in effect of physical properties on additives such as sodium chloride sugar and ethanol between ethanol-treated and untreated gelatins were not observed. However, the effect of ferric ion and acids on the physical properties of ethanol-treated gelatin has a greater than that of untreated gelatin.

에탄올처리 찰가자미류껍질 젤라틴의 물리적 특성에 대한 첨가물의 영향

김진수(Jin Soo Kim),조순영(Soon Yeong Cho),하진환(Jin Hwan Ha),이응호(Eung Ho Lee) 한국응용생명화학회 1995 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.38 No.4

Effects of additives on physical properties of dower sole skin gelatin prepared by fractional precipitation with ethanol were investigated to obtain basic data for utilizing as food protein source. Physical properties such as gel strength, melting point, gelling point and viscosity of both ethanol- and non-treated gelatins were improved as ferric ion, sugar and ethanol were added to gelatin sol, but were deteriorated as sodium hydroxide and acids were added. Insignificant difference in effects of physical properties on additives such as ferric ion, sodium chloride, sugar, acids and ethanol between ethanol- and non-treated gelatins were not observed.