패션가발 이용실태 및 만족도

은연화 ( Yean-wha Eun ),장단비 ( Dan-bi Jang ),이혜령 ( Hye-ryoung Lee ),양은진 ( Eun-jin Yang ) 한국미용예술경영학회 2012 미용예술경영연구 Vol.6 No.4

The purpose of this study is to figure out the using behavior of fashion wig and satisfaction of customer and to provide the basic data of fashion wig industry. To achieve the purpose, precedent studies were examined by theoretical background to establish hypotheses for a solution to study problems. And the hypotheses were empirically analyzed. For a statistical analysis, the SPSS/WIN Ver 19.0 was used to carried out a frequency analysis. And to inquire into the relationship between each variables, a correlation analysis was carried out. The study’s result is that for the various using behavior of customer, customer high satisfaction of fashion wig. Now, Wig is fashion items, not hair loss concealment item anymore. To improve customer satisfaction, fashion wig practician have to provide services that reflect the diversity and individuality of our customers. and boost core services preceding customer satisfaction.

당뇨병성 신병증환자에서 Lipoprotein ( a ) 농도

은연기(Yeon Ki Eun),류미숙(Mee Sook Ryu),홍성표(Sung Pyo Hong),이태원(Tae Won Lee),임천규(Chun Gyoo Ihm),김명재(Myung Jae Kim) 대한내과학회 1997 대한내과학회지 Vol.53 No.5

N/A Background: Lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)] is a subspecies of low-density lipoprotein and has been shown to be associated with pathogenesis of thrombosis-related disease. It is already known that patients with diabetic nephropathy are usually complicated by vascular complications such as coronary artery diseases and cerebrovascular accidents. According to the recent data, Lp(a) level tends to be increased as the proteinuria is increased and renal function are decreased. We evaluated the Lp(a) level to know whether its level is correlated to the severity of diabetic nephropathy. Methods: We investigated Lp(a) levels in eighty-one patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. They were divided into four groups according to the level of urinary albumin excretion and serum creatinine level: Group 1 (n=30): normal renal function + urine microalbumin ≤20㎍/min, Group 2 (n=20): normal renal function + protein on urinalysis + urine microalbumin 20-200㎍/min, Group 3 (n=14): urine protein (+) on urinalysis + normal renal function, Group 4 (n=15): urine protein (+) on urinalysis + serum creatinine leve1≥1.5㎎/dL. Blood samples were obtained during the morning in the fasting state and separated serum from the it and reserved at -70℃. Lp(a) concentration was checked by one-step sandwich ELISA test. All grouped data were expressed as mean±SD. ANOVA and unpaired t-test was used to assess the statistical difference between any two means. Results: Lp(a) levels were 30.2±4.6㎎/dL in Group 1, 42.7±8.2㎎/dL in group 2, 73.4±19.7㎎/dL in group 3, and 80.7±14.8㎎/dL in group 4. The level of Lp(a) in group4, group 3, and group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 1 respectively (P=0.009, 0.001, 0.038). However, no significant correlation was observed between the level of Lp(a) and that of total cholesterol, triglyceride and total lipid in all groups. Conclusions: these results indicate that Lp(a) concentrations are increased in the patients with diabetic nephropathy with microalbuminuria or overt proteinuria. So, the presence of albuminuria may be the important determinant for the elevated Lp(a) level in diabetic nephropathy.

복수를 동반한 간경변증 환자에서 대량복수천자가 혈장량에 미치는 영향

홍성표(Seong Pyo Hong),은연기(Yeon Gee Eun),김효종(Hyo Jong Kim),김병호(Byung Ho Kim),장영운(Young Woon Chang),이정일(Joung Il Lee),장린(Rin Chang) 대한내과학회 1991 대한내과학회지 Vol.40 No.2

N/A Large volume paracentesis (LVP) has been avoided because of complications such as intravascular volume depletion, renal insufficiency, portosystemic encephalopathy, and hepatic failure. But recent studies showed that systemic hemodynamics were not adversely affected during the 24hr following LVP. In this study, 6 edematous patients with liver cirrhosis and tense ascites underwent large volume paracentesis (3 liter). Plasma volume was measured by a dilution method with 125I-labeled human serum albumin prior to and at 24 hours after the LVP. And serum sodium, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and hematocrit were also measured prior to and at 24 hours and 48 hours after the LVP. The results were as follows. 1) All patients felt better after paracentesis and no hypotension, tachycardia, and encephalopathy occurred. 2) Mean plasma volume was 3381±127ml preparacentesis and 3340±116ml postparacentesis (p<0.1). 3) There was no change in serum sodium, creatinine or blood urea nitrogen and hematocrit during the 48 hours following LVP. 4) Urine volume tended to increase during the 24 hours after LVP. We concluded that 3 liter paracentesis in cirrhotic patient with tense ascites and peripheral edema is not associated with a decrease in plasma volume at 24 hours after the paracentesis and expected complications such as renal insufficiency and encephalopathy did not occur.

Galactosamine으로 급성간부전이 유도된 흰쥐에서 간세포이식의 효과

김병호(Byung Ho Kim),은연기,김효종(Hyo Jong Kim),장영운(Young Woon Chang),장린(Rin Chang),이정일(Jung Il Lee) 대한내과학회 1991 대한내과학회지 Vol.40 No.4

N/A Although the mortality rate following acute hepatic failure is still high, it is possible to recover completely if patients survive. So temporary hepatic support that can sustain life during the period of hepatic insufficiency is important in the treatment of acute hepatic failure. Despite the fact that various therapeutic modalities have been described for treating acute liver failure, none has proven to be clinically useful except for the liver transplantation. But liver transplantation is not used widely because of the difficulty in obtaining cadaver donor organs especially in eastern countries, techinical difficulties, and high cost. As the alternatives to liver transplantaion, several investigators developed various techniques of hepatocellular transplantation, which has significantly enhanced the survival rate in the animal from chemically or surgically-induced acute liver failure. According to the evidence provided by the aforementioned studies, we investigated the efficacy of allogeneic hepatocellular transplantation on the survival rate following galactosamine-induced acute liver failure in the Sprague-Dawley male rat, The results were as follows: 1) In the preliminary study for determining the amount of d-galactosamine HC1 (Sigma), intraper- itoneal injection of 1.3g/kg of galactosamine induced a mortality rate of 75% within 5 days in 12 rats (210~280g). 2) Isolation of hepatocytes was performed by a modification of the method of Seglen, collagenase (Sigma, type I) two-step perfusion technique. The mean number of obtainable total hepatocytes from 7 rats was 2.2 ×108±0.7×108, with an average viability of 50±3%. 3) There was no significant difference in the survival rate between group I, which was administered only galactosamine, and group II, which was treated by intraperitoneal transplantation of 2×107 viable hepatocytes at 51 to 55 hours after administration of galactosamine (33% VS 40%). In conclusion, we couldn't note any improvement of survival after hepatocellular transplantation in rats with galactosamine-induced acute hepatic failure. But this result doesn't mean that hepatocellular transplantation had no effect in the treatment of acute hepatic failure. In the future, we will need further study about our method of hepatocytes isolation to increase the viability of isolated hepatocytes, adequate time of the transplantation after galactosamine administration, and syngeneic hepatocellular transplantation in order to evaluate more exactly the efficacy of hepatocellular transplantation.

대사증후군 위험 사무직 근로자를 위한 생활습관개선 코칭프로그램의 효과

이은연(Eun Yeon Lee),손경희(Kyoung Hee Shon),김남희(Nam Hee Kim) 한국자료분석학회 2021 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.23 No.5

본 연구는 대사증후군 위험 사무직 근로자를 위한 생활습관개선 코칭프로그램이 이들의 생활습관개선 자기효능감, 생활습관개선 행동 및 대사증후군 지표에 미치는 효과를 제시하고자 시도되었다. 자료수집 기간은 2017년 1월 23일∼3월 31일까지였고, 연구대상자는 대사증후군 위험 사무직 근로자 55명이었으며 실험군 28명, 대조군 27명이었다. 실험군에게는 2017년 1월 23일∼3월 3일까지 6주간 주 2회, 1회당 90분, 총 12회 차의 그룹코칭과 매일 60분의 인터넷 코칭을 적용하였고, 대조군에게는 생활습관개선에 관한 일회성 교육을 제공하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여, 정규성 검정은 Shapiro-Wilk, 동질성 검정은 Chi-square test, Fisher s exact test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test로 분석하였으며, 가설검정은 Repeated measures ANOVA와 Friedman test로 분석하였다. 생활습관개선 코칭프로그램을 적용하여 효과를 검정한 결과 실험군은 대조군보다 생활습관개선 자기효능감과 생활습관개선 행동이 유의하게 증가하였고, 대사증후군 지표 중 복부둘레, 공복혈당, 중성지방, 및 HDL-C이 유의하게 향상되었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 적용한 생활습관개선 코칭프로그램은 대사증후군 위험 사무직 근로자가 스스로 건강행위를 지속할 수 있도록 하는 효과적인 간호중재로 사용될 수 있을 것이며, 나아가 만성질환으로 이행되는 것에 대한 예방 전략으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the effects of lifestyle improvement coaching program for office employees at risk of metabolic syndrome on their lifestyle improving self-efficacy, behavior and metabolic syndrome indices. Method: The experimental group was given a 90-minute group coaching twice a week for 6 weeks from January 23 to March 3, 2017 for total 12 sessions along with a 60-minute internet coaching everyday, and the control group was given a one-time education on lifestyle improvement. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvement in lifestyle improvement self-efficacy and lifestyle improvement behavior compared to the control group, and the abdominal circumference, fasting blood sugar, neutral fat and HDL-C among metabolic syndrome indices were significantly improved. Conclusion: The lifestyle improvement coaching program applied in this study may be used as an efficient nursing intervention that encourages office employees at risk of metabolic syndrome to continuously maintain their own health behaviors.

간호사의 감정노동, 피로 및 근골격계 통증의 관계

이은연(Eun-Yeon Lee),김주성(Ju-Sung Kim) 한국산학기술학회 2017 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.18 No.1

본 연구는 간호사의 감정노동, 피로 및 근골격계 통증수준을 파악하고 그 관계를 분석하기 위해 시도한 서술적 조사연구이다. 종합병원에서 근무하며 연구참여에 동의한 총 235명의 간호사를 연구대상으로 하였다. 자료는 간호업무 수행 중 경험하는 감정노동, 피로 및 근골격계 통증수준을 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였으며 수집된 자료는 실수와 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson 상관계수 및 다중회귀(multiple regression)로 분석하였다. 연구결과에서 간호사들의 평균 감정노동수준이 3.27점, 평균 피로수준은 2.04점, 및 평균 근골격계 통증수준은 4.43점으로 조사되었다. 간호사들의 감정노동과 피로수준은 근골격계 통증수준과 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었으며(r=.180, p=.006; r=.278, p<.001) 감정노동은 피로수준과도 유의한 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다(r=.353, p<.001). 간호사의 근골격계 통증에 영향을 미치는 요인은 신체적 피로(β=.324, p<.001)와 성별(여성)(β=.171, p=.009)이었으며 이들 변수는 근골격계 통증수준을 13.7% 설명하는 것으로 나타났다(F=16.271, p<.001). 이상의 결과를 통해 간호사가 병원에서 간호업무수행 중 경험하는 감정노동은 피로와 근골격계 통증에 상호 관련됨에 따라 간호사의 감정노동과 피로를 감소시키고 근골격계 통증을 예방하기 위한 방안모색이 필요함을 알 수 있었다. This study examined emotional labor, fatigue, and musculoskeletal pain in hospital nurses. The study sample included 235 hospital nurses. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson"s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. The average emotional labor score was 3.27, and of fatigue was 2.04. The musculoskeletal pain score was 4.43. Emotional labor and fatigue are significantly positively associated with musculoskeletal pain(r=.180, p=.006; r=.278, p<.001). Emotional labor was positively associated with the degree of fatigue(r=.353, p<.001). The significant predictors of musculoskeletal pain for nurses were physical fatigue(β=.324, p<.001) and gender(female)(β=.171, p=.009), explaining 13.7% of the variance in musculoskeletal pain(F=16.271, p<.001). The results suggest that engaging in emotional labor related to nursing tasks increases the risks of fatigue and musculoskeletal pain. Therefore, it is important to develop a management program to relieve the emotional labor, fatigue, and prevent musculoskeletal pain for clinical nurses.

초ㆍ중등 대상 내용기반 영어교육의 동향 분석

이은연(Lee, Eun Yeon),안성호(Ahn, Sung-Ho) 한국영어학회 2014 영어학 Vol.14 No.1

말뭉치 언어학적 방법에 기초한 우리나라 고등학생과 원어민 고등학생의 기능어 사용 비교

이은연(Lee Eun-Yeon) 한국영어학회 2006 영어학 Vol.6 No.4

옥외광고물 분류체계에 관한 연구 : 국내외 분류사례를 중심으로

이정교(Jungkyo Lee),이예승(Yeseung Lee),강미성(Misung Kang),구은연(Eunyeun Koo) 한국옥외광고학회 2004 OOH광고학연구 Vol.1 No.2

옥외광고물은 사회시스템과 연관된 것으로써 도시경관을 결정하고 때로는 도시 매력의 중요한 요소가 되어 그 수준을 향상시킨다. 이러한 점에서 옥외광고물이 도시경관 속에서 자리 잡기 위한 검토가 더욱더 요구되는 시점이다. 또한, 현대 옥외광고물의 무질서한 사용은 옥외광고물의 궁극적 목적인 정보전달 기능을 방해하고 있다. 일상생활 공간인 사적인 영역의 경관정리와 공적인 영역의 미관 유지를 위해 옥외광고물 분야의 체계를 다시 정립할 필요가 있다. 이러한 배경에서 관계자들(광고주, 제작자, 소비자)간의 명확한 의사소통과 품질의 향상, 균일성의 유지를 위한 체계적 이해를 갖는 합리적인 기준 설정의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 선행적으로 옥외광고물 분야의 내용과 영역에 따른 분류에 대하여 비체계적인 나열식 설명이 아닌, 그 목적에 맞는 내용과 역할을 수행하는 명확한 기준에 대한 합리적인 옥외광고물 분류체계를 연구하고자 하였다. 본 연구는 법령의 옥외광고물의 종류를 가능한 한 포함할 수 있도록 하였으며, 앞으로 발전 가능한 항목들을 고려하여 그 일반 범위를 기준화하였다. 연구범위는 미국, 일본, 영국 등 관련 학회, 협회의 국외 자료와 국내외 문헌 및 관련 사업 협회 등의 자료, 전문가의 의견과 협의회 등의 제안을 내용으로 하여 일반 기준이 될 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. Outdoor Advertising, which is associated with social systems, has an impact on the cityscape and sometimes serves as an important factor to make a city more attractive. Therefore, in this point, there are more requested reviews to make outdoor media combine aesthetically with an urban landscape. Also, the chaotic use of the outdoor signs in recent years obstructs the information delivery effect and function, which is the ultimate purpose of outdoor advertisement. There is a need to clearly establish a system for the full extent of controls over outdoor advertising to ensure both the well-arranged private areas of daily life space and the beauties of public areas. Therefore, this study investigates a rational classification system for clear criteria suited to the purpose and role of the outdoor advertisement while eliminating an unsystematic array of explanations.

한국 소아청소년 기면증의 임상양상 및 수면다원검사의 특징

이지원(Ji Won Lee),박유진(Eu Gene Park),주은연(Eun Yeon Joo),이지훈(Jee Hun Lee) 대한소아신경학회 2016 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.24 No.3

목적: 소아청소년에서의 기면증은 다양한 양상으로 나타날 수 있고 환자들이 증상을 모호하게 표현할 수 있어 진단하기 까다로운 질환이다. 본 연구는 소아청소년의 기면증의 임상 양상 및 수면검사의 특징을 기술하고 발병나이와 탈력발작의 유무에 따른 차이점을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 2002년 2월부터 2015년 6월까지 삼성서울병원에서 병력청취와 수면다원검사를 통해 기면증을 진단받은 78명의 소아청소년 환자를 대상으로 의무기록과 수면다원검사 결과를 발병나이와 탈력발작의 유무에 따라 후향적으로 고찰하였다. 결과: 기면증을 진단받은 나이는 15.51±2.7세였고 증상은 13.03± 2.79세에 시작되었다. 10명(12.8%)의 환자가 10세 이전에 증상발현을 보였고 41명(52.6%)은 탈력발작을 동반한 기면증으로 진단되었다. 모든 환자가 첫 증상으로 과도한 주간 졸림증을 호소하였고, 수면마비와 입면환각은 13%와 8%에서 보고되었다. 수면잠복기 반복검사에서는 짧은 평균 수면잠복기와 평균 3회 이상의 입면 렘수면기가 관찰되었다. 발병나이에 따라 동반 수면질환의 종류가 다양하였으나, 수면지표간의 차이는 없었다. 탈력발작을 동반한 기면증 환자들의 경우 탈력발작을 동반하지 않은 환자들보다 Epworth Sleepiness Scale이 유의하게 높았으며, 수면잠복기 반복검사에서 평균 수면잠복기가 더 짧았다(P<0.05). 결론: 소아청소년의 기면증은 과도한 주간졸음을 호소하는 소아에서 고려해야 할 질환으로 탈력발작이 동반되지 않은 환자가 50% 이상 이었으며 약 2/3의 환자가 약제에 좋은 치료반응을 보였다. 발병연령에 따라 동반되는 수면질환의 분포가 다르며, 탈력발작이 동반되는 경우 졸림증이 더욱 심한 특징을 보였다. 수면관련 설문지와 수면다원검사 및 수면잠복기 반복검사를 통한 정확한 진단, 조기 치료, 그리고 장기간의 추적관찰이 필요하다. Purpose: Diagnosis of narcolepsy in childhood is challenging because of ambiguous expression of symptoms and various clinical presentations. The purpose of this study is to delineate the clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of childhood narcolepsy. Methods: This study included 78 patients who were diagnosed with narcolepsy by clinical history and polysomnography (PSG) between February 2002 and June 2015 at Samsung Medical Center. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively and analyzed between two groups; age of symptom onset and the presence of cataplexy. Results: The age at diagnosis and symptom onset was 15.51±2.73 years and 13.03± 2.79 years. Forty-one patients (52.6%) were diagnosed with narcolepsy with cata-plexy. All exhibited excessive daytime sleepiness as the first symptom. In the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT), short sleep latency and more than 3 episodes of mean sleep onset of rapid eye movement were observed. The coexisting sleep disorders varied according to age of onset. There was no significant difference in sleep para-meters between the two age groups. The patients with cataplexy had higher scores on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and shorter mean sleep latencies in the MSLT than those without cataplexy (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pediatric narcolepsy presents with excessive daytime sleepiness and has different co-existing sleep disorders according to age of onset. The degree of sleepiness is higher in the patients with cataplexy. Narcolepsy may be suspected in children with excessive daytime sleepiness even if they do not have cataplexy. This should be confirmed using appropriate sleep questionnaires and PSG with MSLT.