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『韓非子』 「說林」편 寓言의 유형 분석으로 본 글쓰기 전략 - 형식과 내용에 따른 분류를 중심으로
이연훈(Lee, Yon-Hun),김원중(Kim, Won-Joong) 동북아시아문화학회 2020 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.62
Han Feizi said “Generally speaking, difficulty of persuading is on whether I can fit in to someone’s need by considering one’s mind” in 「ShuoLin」. Yuyan in 「ShuoLin」 examined in this paper is an effective writing strategy delivering the meaning without showing itself directly. By trying classification on feature, an assemble of stories, in 『Han Feizi』 「ShuoLin」’s 71 Yuyans, we can confirm highly developed strategy increasing its persuasion-effect. As schematizing Yuyan category and analyzing it which is related to writing strategy, we are able to find several features. First, Yuyan can be categorized by ‘who is the main character’ and ‘whether it is dependent or not’; chapter 「ShouLin」 is largely human-Yuyan and independent-Yuyan. Human-Yuyan enhances persuasion effect by creating and transforming it with usage of historical stories. Animal-Yuyan and Human-Animal-Yuyan, rarely used, are effective way to indirectly persuade the emperor by animal metaphor also decreasing a risk with direct advice. Using allegorical elements when extending range of meaning by controlling rhetorical techniques suitably and decreasing the techniques, when concentrating by direct proposal, it shows a great reconstitution. This is an aspect that represents active writing for a final goal to convincing the emperor. Second, Yuyan can be categorized into explanation type, story type, and criticism type. Han Feizi showed writer’s point indirectly and directly by explaining animal’s body structure and making storytelling. He demonstrated himself a distinguished literary philosopher using Yuyan – an effective and interesting way – which represents his political philosophy ‘Law․Tactics․Power.’ While reading 『Han Feizi』 we can ease our prejudice about him being an inflexible jurist, which helps us realize the ground of comfortable reading is Yuyan that uses a variety of rhetoric techniques and writing strategy. Third, categorizing Yuyan in a form-content collaborative way, it can be classified into ‘analogy’ and ‘suggesting a topic.’ 「ShuoLin」 uses various analogies with mentioning small episodes and generalizing them into large ideas, which are easy to persuade the emperor. Furthermore, it enhances persuasive power by mentioning the topic in direct and indirect ways. Last, it used various methods flexibly - proverb, history, and character – as a basis of fulfillment without dividing periods. We can find Han Feizi’s realistic and active way of thinking. This paper studied how metaphorical elements are expressed by classifying Yuyan in 「ShuoLin」 according to categories. The classification as above can help us to perceive commonness and individuality of each piece. It also enables us to examine, study, and appreciate the rules of Yuyan advancement. This classification is meaningful in that it can be a basis work for more profound research in the future.
이연훈(Lee Yeon Hun),오승현(Oh Seung Hyun),이종관(Lee Jong Kwan),정영수(Chung Young Soo) 대한토목학회 2011 대한토목학회논문집 A Vol.31 No.2A
이 연구는 중소경간 교량상판의 구조적 효율성과 경제성을 향상시키고 시공시 환경오염이나 교통흐름을 방해할 수 있는 공정을 최소화하기 위한 새로운 형식의 Inverted-T형 거더(이하 IT거더)의 개발을 위한 시험연구이다. 이 공법은 기존의 교량형식보다 미관이 아름답고, 시야확보가 우수한 합성교량상판의 형식으로서 최근 국내 현장에서 당면하고 있는 기능 인력의 고령화로 인한 인력 수급의 어려움을 해결할 수 있는 방편의 하나이다. 따라서 중소경간 교량상판의 설계와 시공을 위한 새로운 IT거더 공법은 시공성 향상과 건설비용 절감을 위한 효과적인 방법으로 사료된다. The objective of this research aims at improving the structural and economical efficiency of small and medium-span reinforced concrete bridge slab with the Inverted-T girders (hereinafter, called as IT). This IT method has an advantage over minimizing the construction process which could cause environmental pollution and traffic congestion. Especially it is thought that this new composite bridge slab with IT girders has better aesthetic view and visibility than existing old bridges, and is also a good methodology to solve labor shortage problems due to coming aging society. Therefore, this IT method should be one of very effective construction technologies to improve the constructibility and to reduce the construction cost.
比喩와 類推 및 心理를 활용한 子貢의 설득 커뮤니케이션 전략 검토 - 『論語』와 『史記』 「仲尼弟子列傳」을 중심으로
이연훈(Lee, Yon-Hun),김원중(Kim, Won-Joong) 동북아시아문화학회 2020 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.64
Based on this study, Zigong’s persuasive communication strategies which use metaphor, simile, and inference are summarized into in the following manner. Confucius’s tendency of realpolitik implied in 『Lunyu』 influenced Zigong’s political-diplomatic skills, corresponding with 「Zhongni Dizi Liechuan」. Persuasive skills that Zigong showed can be pointed out as follows. First, conversations between Zigong and Confucius in 『Lunyu』 were mostly about political participation. In those incisive questions, persuasion to generalize and inference of future gave people trust and connected to high-level persuasive skills. Not only allusions in 『Shih Ching』 make readers understand the meaning of story by enhancing literary expressions and readers’ imagination, but also tendency of traditionalism becomes the norm of ethical and political assessment in the present. Second, Zigong became the main agent of persuasion and mentioned metaphor and simile as a communication skill in the conversations without Zigong and Confucius. A metaphor means the method which alludes the object to another object in common. Zigong emphasized the difference with Confucius by alluding Confucius to ‘the highest wall,’ ‘sun and moon,’ and ‘the heavens’. Also, there is an aspect of Confucianism with simultaneously respecting his teacher and showing his great realpolitik-ability. Third, diplomatic skills in 『Shiji』 「Zhongni Dizi Liechuan」 became the most effective persuasion by applying both logic and emotion. It looked into avoidable or charming factors, then stimulated the opponent with ‘antimony theory’ and ‘irony’. Additionally, emotions such as ‘favor,’ ‘fear,’ and ‘anger’ were applied at the right point, accompanying ‘inference’. It was possible to persuade someone with fine logic and ability to identify one’s mind as well as morality, Ren(仁). In other words, each circumstance that countries have, king’s competence to adapt, and logical fluency were essential conditions. Fourth, the biggest persuasive factor is in ‘improving(切磋琢磨).’ and ‘guess and hit(億則屢中)’. Someone who was eloquent but not prudent, was refined by Confucius’s education and Zigong’s effort. The ability of ‘guess and hit(億則屢中)’ emerged when having conversation with people and achieved saving Lu with diplomacy. As this study noted, Zigong’s persuasive communication strategy used rhetorical competence and psychology. Besides, it has advantage at speaking in today’s perspective.