동북아시아의 대기오염 문제해결을 위한 법정책적 방안

이상만(Lee, Sang-Man) 동아대학교 법학연구소 2018 東亞法學 Vol.- No.78

산업화에 따른 화석연료 사용 및 내연기관의 증가에 따라 미세먼지는 기압이 낮은 봄과 겨울이 되면 대기권의 농도가 높아진다. 그런데 미세먼지는 입자의 크기가 매우 작아 몸속으로 들어와 염증을 일으켜 각종 질환 등을 유발하는 원인이 된다. 그 결과 WHO는 미세먼지를 1군 발암물질로 분류하였다. 편서풍 지대에 있는 동북아시아 지역은 최근 중국의 경제성장의 가속화로 미세먼지 농도가 증가하고, 기압과 기후, 대류의 이동을 통해 인접국가로 이동하여 각 국에서 발생하는 미세먼지와 혼합되면서 국민들의 생명과 건강한 삶을 더욱 위협하는 등의 심각한 사회문제를 야기시키고 있다. 이렇듯 미세먼지에 의한 대기오염문제는 특수한 환경적 요건 때문에 단순히 한 국가의 법제도와 정책의 시행으로 해결될 수 있는 문제가 아니다. 즉, 동북아시아의 대기오염문제도 한․중․일 3국의 관심과 적극적인 대기오염저감을 위한 국제적 노력 없이는 불가능하다. 그런데 지금까지 한․중․일 3국은 대기오염문제 해결을 위해 국제협력을 하였다고 하지만, 현재까지 효율적인 대책을 내놓지 못하고 있다. 따라서 동북아시아의 대기오염문제를 해결하기 위해 공동의 이익을 추구하면서 정비된 법제를 활용하여 사회적 문제를 해결하였던 지역적 공동체인 EU의 사례를 비교법적 방법을 통해 시사점을 도출하고, 이를 토대로 동북아시아의 환경협력체계 마련을 위한 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. According to the use of fossil fuel and to a rise in an internalcombustion engine caused by industrialization, the concentration of fine dust in the atmosphere gets higher when spring and winter with low atmospheric pressure have come. By the way, the fine dust is very small, thereby getting inside the body, resulting in leading to inflammation and becoming a cause for several diseases. As a result, WHO classified fine dust as the group 1 carcinogenic substance. Northeast Asian regions, which are in the westerlies, are recently increased the concentration of fine dust due to the acceleration of economic growth in China. It moves to adjacent countries through the movements in atmospheric pressure, weather and convection current and is mixed with the fine dust, which occurs in each country, thereby bringing about a serious social issue such as further threatening people"s life and healthy living. In this way, the problem of air pollution caused by fine dust is not the one that can be solved by simply enforcing legal system and policy in one country because of the specially environmental requirement. In other words, even the issue of air pollution in Northeast Asia is impossible without an international effort for positively reducing air pollution along with the attention in 3 countries of South Korea, China and Japan. Yet, the three countries in South Korea, China and Japan have failed to present effective measures so far even though being said to have made international cooperation for solving air pollution problem. Accordingly, to solve the air pollution problem of Northeast Asia, the aim was to elicit implications through a comparison method in a case of EU as the regional community, which had solved a social issue through utilizing the consolidated legislation with seeking the public good, and to suggest a plan for arranging an environmental cooperation system in Northeast Asia based on this.

라돈 검출 침대 사건을 통해 본 천연방사성 물질의 관리체계에 대한 법적 문제점과 개선방안

이상만(Lee, Sang-Man) 강원대학교 비교법학연구소 2018 환경법과 정책 Vol.21 No.-

2018년 5월 경 우리 생활 속에서 신체의 가장 많은 부분을 밀착시키는 매트리스 및 침구류에서 음이온을 방출하는 원료물질인 모나자이트에 함유된 라돈과 토론이 검출되었다는 소식이 전해졌고, 국민들은 천연방사성 물질에 대한 공포에 휩싸여야 했다. 그런데 이런 일은 비단 오늘만의 문제는 아니다. 2004년에도 건축자재에 방사성 물질이 포함되었다는 민원이 제기되었고, 재활용 고철 중에 방사성물질이 포함되어 있다는 언론 보도로 인해 국민들은 공포에 떨어야 했다. 또한 2007년 2월에도 천연방사성핵종(天然放射性核種)이 포함된 원료물질을 사용한 온열매트에서 방사선이 과다 방출된다고 하여 사회적 이슈가 된 적이 있었다. 하지만 여전히 이러한 위험성을 모른 채 천연방사성핵종이 포함된 원료물질을 함유한 온열매트, 건강팔찌, 음이온 타올 등의 제품들이 건강보조제품으로 유통되고 있다. 이런 사실에 비추어 보면, 최근 발생한 사건은 예견된 일이었을지도 모른다. 과거 이러한 건강보조제품에서 천연방사성 물질이 검출되면서 제품의 사용자인 불특정 다수가 방사선에 피폭되었을 개연성과 위 건강보조제품을 생산하는 업체의 근로자들이 원료물질에 포함된 천연방사성핵종에 의해 방사선 피폭의 가능성이 있다는 것이 알려지면서 천연방사성 물질에 대한 관리 필요성이 제기되었고, 정부는 천연방사성 물질의 관리를 법제화하기 위해 2011년 7월 25일 생활주변방사선 안전관리법(법률 제10908호, 2011년 7월 25일 제정) 을 제정하였다. 그 결과 생활주변 방사능과 방사선 노출은 법적 규제를 받게 되었고, 국민들은 천연방사성 물질로부터 안전한 생활을 보장받는 듯 했다. 그러나 이번 사건을 계기로 생활주변방사선 안전관리법의 허점을 발견할 수 있었다. 본 논문에서는 라돈 검출 침대사건 사례를 통해 천연방사성 물질의 관리 체계에 대한 법적 문제점과 개선방안을 살피고자 하였다. 이를 위해 먼저, 천연방사성 물질을 관리하는 현행 법규정인 생활주변방사선 안전관리법 및 동법 시행령·시행규칙, 관련된 기타 법규정상의 천연방사성 물질의 관리 및 환경표지인증의 관리 체계, 생활방사선 관련 안전관리주체, 부적합하거나 결함이 있는 가공제품의 폐기처리 절차에 대한 문제점을 지적하였다. 그리고 문제점의 개선방안으로, 생활주변방사선 안전관리법상 관련 규정의 개정방안과 생활방사선 관련 안전관리를 효율적으로 할 수 있도록 관계기관으로 구성된 협의체 구성 및 운영에 대한 정책적 방안을 함께 제시하였다. 아울러 환경표지 인증제품군을 침구류 뿐만 아니라 신체와 접촉하며 생활과 밀접한 품목으로 확대하여 방사능 지수를 설정하고 적용할 수 있도록 관련 규정의 개선방안도 검토하였다. It was reported around May in 2018 that the mattress and bedding, which stick to the largest part of the body amidst our life, were detected radon and thoron of being contained in monazite, which is a raw material of emitting anions. People needed to be terrified by NORM(Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials). By the way, this happening is not just the present day issue. A civil complaint was filed even in 2004 as saying that NORM was included in the construction supplies. People needed to be terrorized by the press release as saying that radioactive materials are involved in a recycling scrap metal. Also, even in February of 2007, it was reported that radiation was excessively emitted from a heat mat, which used a fertile material of being included natural radionuclide, thereby having ever become the social issue. However, still without knowing this dangerousness, the products such as a heat mat, a health bracelet and an anion towel with the content of a base material, which is included natural radionuclide, are being distributed as the health supplement goods. Seeing in light of this fact, the incident, which took place these days, might be what is anticipated. The necessity of managing NORM(Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) was raised while being known the possibility that the workers at a company of producing the health supplement products would be exposed to radiation by NORM of being involved in a raw material, along with the probability that many unspecified individuals as the product users would be exposed to radiation, with being detected NORM in these health supplement products in the past. The government enacted 「Act on Safety Control of Radiation Around Living Environment(Law Serial No. 10908, enacted on July 25, 2011)」 dated on July 25, 2011 in order to legalize the management of NORM. As a result, the Radiation Around Living Environment and the exposure to radiation came to be legally controlled. People seemed to be ensured a safe life from NORM(Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials). But in the wake of this incident, the loophole of 「Act on Safety Control of Radiation Around Living Environment」 could be found. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine a legal problem and an improvement plan of the NORM management system through a case of the radon detection bed incident. For this, first of all, the problems were indicated about 「Act on Safety Control of Radiation Around Living Environment」, which is the current regulation of managing NORM, the enforcement ordinance·enforcement rule of the same Act, about the management system of NORM and eco-labelling certification in light of other relevant laws and regulations, about the safety management entity related to radiation around living environment, and about the procedure of scrapping the processed products that are inadequate or defective. And an improvement plan for the problems was suggested a revised bill of the regulation pertinent to 「Act on Safety Control of Radiation Around Living Environment」, and was clarified the necessity of amending relevant regulation so that the radioactivity index can be established and applied by expanding the product family with eco-labelling certification into items of being close to daily lives with touching body, as well as into bedding. A policy-based plan of forming and operating a consultative group of comprising the authority having jurisdiction was proposed together so that the safety control related to radiation around living environment can be made efficiently.

선천성 장이상회전증에 (腸異常廻轉症) 의한 만성 (慢性) 장폐쇄증 (腸閉鎖症)

이상종(Sang Jong Lee),김영주(Young Ju Kim),한상호(Sang Ho Han),배철환(Chun Whan Bae),심완주(Wan Joo Shim),이만호(Man Ho Lee) 대한소화기학회 1984 대한소화기학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Malrotation of the intestine signifies a sequence of abnormal rotation of intestine during the fetal life. This phenomenon is attributed to incomplete or abnormal rotation of the intestine on axis to the superior mesenteric artery and abnormal band formation in the midgut. Malrotation of midgut is considered as a rare occurrence especially in the younger adult. The patient seen by us was a fifteen year old middle school girl who has been suffering from severe abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting four days prior to the admission. She was a rather small stature and slightly undernourished. Her vital sign were within normal range, but mild grade of fever. She had had acute pancreatitis a year ago before admission. She was well oriented, but somewhat dehydrated on admission. The routine laboratory examination and various biochemical studies in sera were essentially normal. Chest x-ray (P-A) showed normal, but the simple scout film of the abdomen disclosed marked gas distention below both hypochondrial regions. There was transient improvement by the medical supportive management, but she became worse after the eighth hospital day. Upper GI studies by swallowing barium meal disclosed that esophagus was normal, but there was some intragastric fluid with the circular like folds in the pyroric antrum, and the extreme narrowing of the second portion of the duodenum. On the tenth hospital day, the ladd's procedure of operation was performed successfully for her chronic intestinal obstruction due to the congenital malrotation. Following the surgery, the condition was good and she discharged on eleventh hospital days.

Fe(2)-DTPA 착물의 촉매작용을 이용한 루미놀 화학발광 시스템의 선택적 Fe(2) 정량

이상학 ( Sang Hak Lee ),김경민 ( Kyung Min Kim ),홍석주 ( Suk Joo Hong ),김규만 ( Gyu Man Kim ),조해진 ( Hae Jin Jo ),장택균 ( Taek Gyun Jang ),김영호 ( Young Ho Kim ) 한국공업화학회 2011 응용화학 Vol.15 No.2

A sensitive and selective determination method of Fe(Ⅱ) ion by luminol-H2O2 system using a chelating reagent has been presented. A metal ion-chelating ligand complex such as Fe(Ⅱ)-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) produced higher chemiluminescence (CL) intensity as well as longer lifetime in luminol-H2O2 system than metal exist as free ions. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb (Ⅱ) complexes with chelating reagents in luminol-H2O2 system was lost since chelating reagents act as a masking agent although free Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) ions have high catalytic activity. On the optimized conditions, the calibration curve of Fe(Ⅱ) ion was linear over the range from 1.0×10-7 to 2.0ⅹ10-5 M with correlation coefficient of 0.996. The detection limit was calculated to be 4.0×10-8 M.

초음파 파라미터를 이용한 사과의 기계적 특성 분석을 위한 기초 연구

이상대 ( Sang Dae Lee ),김기복 ( Ki Bok Kim ),박정길 ( Jeong Gil Park ),김만수 ( Man Soo Kim ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2010 농업생명과학연구 Vol.41 No.1

This study was performed to develop the nondestructive evaluation technique for the mechanical properties of fruit using ultrasonic technique. Ultrasonic parameters such as sound velocity, peak amplitude, attenuation coefficient in maximum amplitude according to storage time were measured using the fabricated 100 kHz transmitting and receiving ultrasonic transducers. The mechanical properties such as rupture point and elastic modulus of apple were measured by universal testing machine. Multiple linear regression (MLR) models to estimate the mechanical properties of apple were developed using the ultrasonic parameters. The coefficients of determination of MLR models for rupture point and elastic modulus of apple were 0.5635 and 0.7089, respectively.

원발성 간암과 췌장암에 있어서의 αFP , TATI 및 CA 19 - 9 의 임상적 의의

이상종(Sang Jong Lee),이만호(Man Ho Lee),이승세(Seung Sei Lee),서영주(Young Joo Suh),채종찬(Jong Chan Chae),정을순(Eul Soon Jung) 대한소화기학회 1988 대한소화기학회지 Vol.20 No.3

N/A The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of measuring more than two tumor markers including TATI in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and hepatoma. Pancreatic cancer patients (10); The range of serum CA 19-9 concentration was 55.01-231 U/ml. All of 10 (100%) had increased value (>33U/ml). Nine of 10 patients (90%) had CA 19-9 values above the cancer diagnostic cut off level (>100U/ml). Serum TATI concentration were raised (range 26.47-450 pg/,L ) in 80% (8/10) of the patients. Serum TATI concentration was above cut off level (40pg/I ) in 5 patients (50%). One patient, who had non diagnostic CA19-9 level (42.9 U/ml), had 413.47 pg/Lof serum TATI concentration. Thus when the two tumor markers (CA19-9, TATI) were used together, all of 10 pancreatic cancer patients (100%) had diagnostic cut off level. Primary hepatoma patients (22); Serum aFP value were raised in 86.36% (19/22) of the patients (range 14.26-2014 pg/ml). Six patients had value of non diagnostic range (14.26-237 pg/ml), so that 59. 09% (13/22) of the patients had a diagnostic aFP value (>400pg/ml). Serum TATI values were raised in 77.2% (17/22) of the patients. 59% (13/22) of the patients had serum TATI value above the cut off level. Of the 6 patients who had non diagnostic a FP level, three patients had serum TATI value above cut off level. When serum n FP and TATI were measured together, 81.8% (18/22) of the patients had at least one of the value above cut off level. So if the two tumor markers were used together (CA19-9 and TATI in pancreatic cancer, aFP and TATI in primary hepatoma) it might be helpful in some patients in the diagnosis of malignancy. But accounting economical and other factors, we think it needs further evaluation.

Co₃(PO₄)₂로 표면코팅한 Li[Co_0.1Ni_0.15Li_0.2Mn_0.55]O₂의 리튬 2차전지용 양극재 특성

이상효,김광만,구본급,Lee, Sang-Hyo,Kim, Kwang-Man,Koo, Bon-Keup 한국세라믹학회 2008 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.45 No.2

To prepare the high-capacity cathode material with improved electrochemical performances, nanoparticles of $C0_3(PO_4)_2$ were coated on the powder surface of $Li[Co_{0.1}Ni_{0.15}Li_{0.2}Mn_{0.55}]O_2$, which was already synthesized by simple combustion method. The coated powders after the heat treatment at >$700^{\circ}C$ surely showed well-structured crystalline property with nanoscale surface coating layer, which was consisted of $LiCOPO_4$ phase formed from the reaction bwtween $CO_3(PO_4)_2$ and lithium impurities. In addition, cycle performance was particularly improved by the $CO_3(PO_4)_2$-coating for the cathode material for lithium rechargeable batteries.

유리생산공정 주석산화물에서 건식제련에 의한 주석 회수 연구

이상로(Sang-Ro Lee),장세경(Se-Gyeong Jang),김상열(Sang-yeol Kim),이만승(Man-Seung Lee),박만복(Man-Bok Park) 한국산학기술학회 2014 한국산학기술학회 학술대회 Vol.- No.-

본 연구에서는 전량 수입에 의존하고 있는 주석을 평판 유리, LCD 패널 유리 기판 생산에 사용되는 주석 용탕에서 발생하는 주석 산화물을 건식제련법을 적용한 환원공정을 통해 주석을 회수, 분리하였다. 환원 온도에 따른 주석의 회수율은 1350℃에서 최대 회수율을 얻을 수 있었으며, 주석 산화물의 1차 제련과 슬래그의 2차 제련을 통해 회수율을 88%까지 확보 할 수 있었다. 또한 조주석의 전해정련을 통해 일부 불순물을 주석으로부터 분리하여 순도 99.9%를 확보하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.

열증착법에 의한 금흑 수광전극 제조

李相萬(Sang-Man Lee),裵聖鎬(Sung-Ho Bae),黃河龍(Ha-Ryong Hwang),李文鎬(Moon-Ho Lee) 대한전기학회 1997 전기학회논문지 Vol.46 No.4

연소실 직접분사식 성층급기 가솔린기관 개발에 관한 연구 - 연료분사압력과 부하변동에 따른 연소특성 해석 -

이상만,정영식,채재우,Lee, Sang Man,Jeong, Young Sik,Chae, Jae Ou 대한기계학회 1998 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.22 No.9

In general, DI gasoline engine has the advantages of higher power output, higher thermal efficiency, higher EGR tolerance and lower emissions due to the operation characteristics of increased volumetric efficiency, compression ratio and ultra-lean combustion scheme. In order to apply the concept of stratified charge into direct injection gasoline engine, some kinds of methodologies have been adapted in various papers. In this study, a reflector was adapted around the injector nozzle to apply the concept of stratified charge combustion which leads the air-fuel mixture to be rich near spark plug. Therefore, the mixture near the spark plug is locally rich to ignite while the lean mixture is wholly introduced into the combustion chamber. The characteristics of combustion is analyzed with the variations of fuel injection pressure and load in a stratified -charge direct injection single cylinder gasoline engine. The obtained results are summarized as follows ; 1. The MBT spark timing approached to TDC with the increase of load on account of the increase of evaporation energy, but has little relation with fuel injection pressure. 2. The stratification effects are apparent with the increase of injection pressure. It is considered by the development of secondary diffusive combustion and the increase of heat release of same region, but proceed rapidly than diesel engine. Especially, in the case of high pressure injection (l70bar) and high load (3.0kgf m), the diffusive combustion parts are developed excessively and results in the decrease of peak pressure than in the case of middle load. 3. The index of engine stability, COVimep value, is drastically decreased with the increase of load. 4. To get better performance of DI gasoline engine development, staged optimizaion must be needed such as injection pressure, reflector, intake swirl, injection timing, chamber shape, ignition system and so on. In this study, the I50bar injection pressure is appeared as the optimum.