세라믹공구 재료의 피복특성에 관한 연구

이명제,임홍섭,유봉환,Lee, Myeong-Je,Im, Hong-Seop,Yu, Bong-Hwan 대한기계학회 2000 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.24 No.4

Ceramic, PCD and CBN tools are available for the difficult-to-cut-materials such as hardened carbon tool steel, stainless steel, Inconel 718 and etc. Ceramic tools are likely to be chipped and abruptly broken before the appearance of normal wear in turning. Ceramic tools are suitable for continuous in turning, not for intermittent in milling. In this study, TiN/TiCN multi-layer coated ceramic tools were found to restrain the chipping, breaking and early fracture and to increase the critical cutting speed owing to TiN/TiCN multi-layer coating in Arc Ion Plating of PVD method.

제7차 과학과 교육과정의 특성과 과제

이명제,Lee, Myeong-Je 한국지구과학회 2001 韓國地球科學會誌 Vol.22 No.3

The 7th science curriculum has the characteristics of humanistic philosophy of education. The humanistic curriculum emphasized learner-centered education, which claims to stand for learners' experiences. This study searched for the significances of the 7th science curriculum, and discussed its tasks and perspectives based on the backgrounds, characteristics, and objectives mentioned in the history of reforming science curriculum. The 7th science curriculum emphasizes learners' experiences and everyday life materials are favored in teaching-learning activities. For the desirable effects related to this commitment, pre-service and in-service training programs are required about the social elements in the nature of science, and everyday life contexts should be examined in views of educational and cognitive perspectives, so the contextual differences between science and everyday life should be clarified. 7차 과학과 교육과정은 인간중심 교육철학이 도입되었다는 특성을 갖고 있다. 인간중심 교육과정은 학문중심교육과정보다 학습자의 경험을 강조하는 학습자 중심의 교육을 표방하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 우리 나라 과학과 교육과정의 개편 과정에 표출된 배경, 성격 그리고 목표에서 7차 과학과 교육과정의 의의를 찾고 그 과제와 전망을 논의하였다. 7차 과학 교육과정은 학습자의 경험을 강조하는 인간중심 교육과정으로서 구체적인 교육활동이 실생활 소재로 이루어져서 적용되어야함을 강조하고 있다. 이에 관련된 성과를 위해서는 현대과학이 가지는 사회적인 요소를 고려한 과학의 본성에 대한 교사교육이 필요하며, 실생활 맥락을 교육적이고 인식론적인 관점에서 연구하여 과학과 일상생활 맥락의 차이에 대한 적절한 교육적 구명이 요청된다.

이정수의 1811년 연행과 대외 인식의 노정

이명제(Lee, Myung-jae) 한국사학회 2016 史學硏究 Vol.0 No.123

명청교체 이후 조선 지식인들은 조선을 중화문명의 유일한 계승자로 격상시키기 위해 다양한 노력들을 경주하였다. 조선 지식인들의 노력은 종족ㆍ지리ㆍ문화적 측면에서 중화의 지위를 획득하는 방식으로 이루어졌는데, 그 중에서도 문화적 측면에 가장 많은 노력을 기울였다. 또 다른 한편에서는 청을 어떻게 사유할 것인가에 대한 논의도 지속적으로 이어졌다. 하지만 중화문화를 내면화하는 문제가 비교적 순조롭게 진행된 것과 달리 청에 대한 인식의 차이는 커져만 갔다. 즉 청조의 치세가 안정 될수록 이념과 현실 사이에서 청을 사유하는 방식이 분화되기 시작한 것이다. 李鼎受(1783~1834)가 활동하였던 19세기 전반의 서울지역은 다양한 사유들이 충돌하던 시․공간이었다. 한편에서는 18세기 후반 청 문물의 수용을 주장하였던 북학파들의 영향력이 아직 남아있었지만, 다른 한편에서는 辛酉邪獄등을 통해 새로운 사상이 탄압당하고 외척 가문 중심의 권세가들이 정치적 주도권을 획득하고 있었다. 이정수는 18세기 조선 지식인들의 다양한 견해를 수용해서 자신만의 독특한 대청관을 내놓았다. 그는 우선 조선의 역사와 문화적 전통을 강조하는 한편 고조선의 지리적 강역을 공유하고 있었던 청과 경계 짓기를 시도하였다. 이를 통해 청은 ‘이적’으로서의 정체성을 부여받았다. 이적으로서의 청의 지위는 오삼계론을 통해 다시 한 번 확인되었다. 이정수는 송시열과 김창업, 그리고 일부 북학파에 의해 이루어진 오삼계에 대한 긍정과 청에 대한 이해를 강력하게 비판하였다. 하지만 세계질서에 대한 이정수의 이해는 전통적인 시각과 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이정수는 외국조빙조에서 중국 정사 외국전의 전통에 따라 중국과 해외제국들에 대한 조공․책봉 관계를 강조하였던 것이다. 또한 이정수는 서역에 대한 강한 반감을 드러내었다. 그는 서양의 학문을 금수의 가르침이라고 표현하며 西洋禽獸論을 전개한다. 즉 이정수의 대외인식은 전통적인 중화와 이적의 구도가 여전히 큰 지분을 차지하고 있으며, 이것이 세계의 영역으로 확장되면서 儒學과 西學, 혹은 反儒學의 새로운 기준으로 전환됨을 알 수 있다. 이는 이정수의 문화적 화이관이 19세기 전반의 정치․사회적 상황과 긴밀한 연관을 맺으며 확장된 결과라고 이해할 수 있을 것이다. After the Ming-Qing transition, Chosun’s intellects made efforts to elevate Chosun as the only successor of Chinese civilization. Their efforts were made in a way to acquire the status of being China in racial, geographical, and cultural aspects, and among them, the utmost effort was made culturally. Meanwhile, they also discussed how to deem Qing continuously. Although the matter of internalizing Chinese culture proceeded rather smoothly, their awareness of Qing differed further. In other words, as the reign of Qing became stabilized, the way of deeming Qing between ideology and reality began to be divided. In Seoul during the beginning of the 19th century when Lee Jeong-soo (李鼎受: 1783~1834) worked actively, a variety of ideas conflicted. Even though Bukhak School insisting the acceptance of Qing’s civilization in the late 18th century was still influential, new ideas were suppressed through Sinyusaok (辛酉邪獄) or such and the powerful centered around the families of maternal relatives were obtaining the political lead. Lee Jeong-soo accepted diverse opinions from Chosun intellects in the 18th century and presented his own unique view to Qing. First of all, he emphasized Chosun’s history and cultural tradition, and then, he tried setting boundary from Qing which was sharing territory with Gochosun geographically. Through this, Qing was assigned with its identity as ‘ijeok’. Qing’s status as ijeok was once again verified by Osamgyeron. Lee Jeong-soo did severely criticize the affirmation of Osamgye practiced by Song Siyeol and Kim Changeop and some of the Bukhak School members and reconsideration on understanding of Qing. However, Lee Jeong-soo’s understanding of world order was not very different from the traditional viewpoint. Lee Jeong-soo did stress the relations of jogong․installation towards China and foreign empires according to the tradition of political affairs to China in Oegukjobingjo. Also, Lee Jeong-soo revealed his severe hostility against the West. Insisting that Western sciences are the teachings of birds and beasts, he developed Seoyanggeumsuron (西洋禽獸論). In brief, Lee Jeong-soo’s awareness of foreign countries was still significantly grounded on the traditional structure of China and igeok, and when this is extended to the scope of the world, it is converted to the new criteria of Confucianism (儒學), Seohak (西學), and anti-Confucianism (反儒學). This can be understood as the result of Lee Jeong-soo’s cultural Hwaigwan closely associated with the political and social situations of the early 19th century and becoming extended.

과학적 소양의 정의를 향하여

이명제 ( Myeong Je Lee ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2009 초등과학교육 Vol.28 No.4

제7차 교육과정에 나타난 과학과 수업시수 축소의 관점

이명제 ( Myeong Je Lee ) 한국과학교육학회 1998 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.18 No.4

과학 교육과정 개혁 연구의 쟁점들

이명제 ( Myeong Je Lee ) 한국과학교육학회 2004 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.24 No.5

The purpose of this study is to investigate issues in science curriculum reform studies. For the study the papers in ERIC data base were selected on the key words, `science education`, `curriculum` and `reform`. The number of papers are the most on the late 90s which has been increasing since the late 70s. During the last decade the 132 papers were identified on 30 May 2003 and the 18 journals which have more than two articles in each journal have 66% of the total papers. The identified reform issues were `reform themes`, `program introduction`, `critics and vision of reform`. Reform themes are `teachers`, `scientific literacy`, `integration and teaching`, `reform processes`. The contents on `teachers` are related to almost teachers` knowledges and beliefs on the reform, those on `scientific literacy` are related to the loose definitions of scientific literacy, those on `integration and teaching` are related to difficulties in teaching with integration, those on `reform processes` are related to power problems between persons or groups who participated in reform processes, and those on `critics and visions` are related to the embodiment of science education standards and the problems on the nature of science. This study remarks that these issues should be considered sincerely for the reform of science curriculum in the future.

연구논문 : 19세기 전반 조선 지식인의 대외인식에 관한 일고

이명제 ( Myung Jae Lee ) 동국사학회 2014 동국사학 Vol.57 No.-

『燕行雜錄』은 1822년 연행에 참여한 조선 지식인의 저작이다. 『연행잡록』은 16권 16책의 거질로 중국에 대한 인문사회학적 내용과 인문지리학적 내용을 상세히 담고 있다. 그 중에서도 주목할 만한 부분은 『연행잡록』이 포괄하고 있는 지리적 영역이 북경과 중국을 넘어 세계를 담아내고 있다는 점이다. 『연행잡록』의 지리적 외연의 확장은 대청인식의 변화와 밀접한 관련을 갖는다. 청조가 번영을 구가하면서 18세기부터 조선 지식인의 청조에 대한 평가는 변화하기 시작하는데, 특히 ‘북학파’라 불리는 일련의 지식인 그룹에 의하여 청조를 객관적으로 인식하려는 시도가 이루어진다. 『연행잡록』은 이러한 18세기 연행의 성과들을 수용하면서도 이전 시기에 비하여 무비판적으로 청조를 긍정하는 모습을 드러내고 있다. 18세기의 지식인들이 청조를 세밀한 관찰의 대상으로 여긴 것에서 한걸음 더 나아가 청조의 실제를 적극적으로 인정하고 의존의 대상으로 전환시킨 것이다. 이러한 태도는 세계관을 재구축해나가는 과정을 통해 더욱 명확하게 드러난다. 『연행잡록』은 청조를 천하의 중심으로 인정하고 기존에 포섭되지 않았던 여러 국가들을 청조 중심의 질서에 편입시키는 작업을 진행한다. 이를 위해 크게 두 가지 방식을 취하게 되는데 우선 명말의 지리서인 『廣輿記』의 체재와 내용을 수용하여 명대에 구축되어 있던 중화질서를 청조에 이식하였다. 두 번째로는 『광여기』에서 포괄하지 못하는 영역에 대해 西學 수용의 논리였던 ‘중국원류설’을 차용하여 중화질서로 포섭하였다. 이상의 논의를 통해 『연행잡록』에 드러나는 대외인식의 단면들을 살펴보았다. 이는 북학으로 대변되는 18세기 후반의 성과를 일정부분 수용하면서도 청조에 대한 종속성을 심화시키고, 이를 바탕으로 세계관을 재정립하는 과정이었다. Yeonhaengjamnok (燕行雜錄) is a travelogue of the 1822 envoy from Joseon to Qing, which is written by an anonymous Joseon intellectual. It contains various detailed information of Chinese humanities, sociology, and geography at the time, in vast volume. The geographic information contained in the travelogue has an especially important historical significance, in the sense that the book is representing a widened world view of the author who grasped the world outside China. This widened perception of the world was derived from the shifting view on Qing China in chuson at the time. As Qing enjoyed its prosperity, Joseon intellectuals in the 18th century started to see Qing from a different perspective. A group of scholars called ‘Bukakpa (School of Northen Studies)’ among the intelligentsia of Joseon pursued to learn the advanced civilization of Qing and tried to see Qing with an objective point of view. The author of Yeonhaengjamnok accepted this new perspective and expressed an uncritical and positive attitude toward Qing’s prosperity in his book. He regarded Qing as something his country should rely on, unlike those Bukakpa scholars who tried to carefully observe and analyze Qing. His perspective on Qing is well reflected on his widened world view. In Yeonhaengjamnok, Qing is described as the center of the world and those countries which were not included in the traditional cino-centric order of Ming are newly accepted as a part of Qing’s new hegemony. The author adopted the world view of a renowned geography a book from the late Ming China, Guangyuji (廣輿記), and established Qing’s world order based on that. He also accepted ‘the theory of Chinese Origin of the Western Civilization’ and used it to insert the areas that were not included in Guangyuji into Qing’s world order. This study tried to analyze the widened world view represented in Yeonhaengjamnok. The changed perspective enables ones to understand the re-establishing process of Joseon intellectuals’ perception of the world in the early 19th century and to see how the tradition of Northen Studies in 18th century was appreciated in the following century.

과학적 소양 관련 논문에서 서술자의 종류와 빈도 특성 연구

이명제 ( Myeong Je Lee ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2010 초등과학교육 Vol.29 No.4

This study analyzed the kinds and frequencies of descriptors in 154 articles in ERIC data base on the 4th day of January in 2010. The titles of the articles includes the words, ``scientific literacy``. As each descriptor is constituted of two words and over, in this study the first word in the descriptor was defined as ``restrictive word`` and the rest word(s) as ``target word(s)``. The results are as follows. First, the descriptors which show high frequencies of target words are the traditionally important themes of scientific literacy education. Target words which show relatively high frequency are ``education``, ``literacy``, ``instruction`` and ``countries``. Low frequency word is ``curriculum``, which has various restrictive words and represents wide differentiation. Second, among the descriptors which show low frequencies of target words, relatively high frequency descriptors are ``(and)society``, ``change``, ``secondary education``, ``concepts``, and ``biology``, which have been given more attention in scientific literacy research than the rest descriptors. Third, the number of the descriptors that shows largely distributed pattern A, which happens over 15 years continuously, is over the half of all analyzed descriptors, which shows that they have been the major objectives in researches about scientific literacy. Most descriptors of pattern A shows normal distribution of frequency or the trends of increasing frequency as the time is nearer. Fourth, The descriptors are divided into four groups according to the time span. Each research trends are as follows. In later 80s, the research which emphasizes the impotance of the sociality and technology in all level school science curriculum. In later 90s the research for educational change of inquiry-centered science curriculum which considers technological literacy in social contexts. In earlier 2000s the research that scientists and science teachers develop science curricula mostly related to scientific principles and thinking in chemistry and biology especially. In later 2000s case studies which relates teaching methods and science process activities to students` attitudes, scientific concepts and curricula.

국내 포탈사이트 과학 기사 분야와 과학적 소양 내용 요소 분석

이명제 ( Myeong Je Lee ) 한국초등과학교육학회 2015 초등과학교육 Vol.34 No.3

The purpose of this study is to analyze science fields and content elements of the science reports in a web portal site of Republic of Korea in view of scientific literacy. The main results of the analysis on the 679 reports sampled in a year are as follows. First, 506 reports in 46 fields were identified. Reports about technology and earth science occupies 16% respectively, and life science occupies 13%, medical science 4%, chemistry, company, others 3% and physics 1%. Almost reports show technology as associate field. Second, the frequency rate of reports including scientific literacy content elements is 52%. Reports related to ‘physics’ and ‘chemistry’ as dominant fields show relatively high rate in scientific literacy elements. The element, ‘social context’ is included in about 96% of the reports. Both ‘data and statistics’ and ‘application’ show relatively low rate and large gaps according to dominant fields. A few concluding remarks and proposals follow from these results. First, as almost science reports show the nature of integrated science, scientific literacy acquisition through science reports in internet requires the integrated scientific view. Especially most science reports includes the contents related to technology or medical science, so the point of view in the science-technological literacy is required. Second, the scientific literacy content elements in reports show various rates according to dominant fields. Therefore, science reports need to complement the deficient content elements to carry out the role of science reports as scientific literacy sources.

컴퓨터 관련 발명의 소프트웨어 특허청구범위에 관한 연구

이명제 ( Myung-jea Lee ) 한국고등직업교육학회 2000 한국고등직업교육학회논문집 Vol.1 No.4

This paper relates to a software patent of a computer related invention, explains a describing method of software patent claim which can be registered software patent of computer related invention instead of computer program copyright which is the Intellectual Property about software in the Korea Intellectual Patent Office(KIPO) since 1998. Also, it introduces international and domestic trends of the software patent for computer related invention included internet business model and related database for the software patent of the world and mentions software patent regime of each nation and the facing software patent problems as the Intellectual Property.