Saccharomyces cerevisiae와 Mycobacterium phlei에서 DNA유출에 따른 세포벽의 전자현미경적 고찰

이길수,조세훈,김운수,류준,Lee, Kil-Soo,Cho, She-Hoon,Kim, Woon-Soo,Lew, Joon 한국미생물학회 1975 미생물학회지 Vol.13 No.3

DNA's were extracted from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Mycobacterium phlei and the damaging cell walls of these microoragnisms were examined under an electron microscope in the extraction process in which a number of physico-chemical tratments of cells was involved. While the DNA was easily extracted from S. cerevisiae using conventional meylelded very little DNA, of M. phlei was extremely difficult to isolate and yielded very little DNA, applying various methods of isolation published earlier. When the cell walls of S. cerevisiae were examined with the electron microscope, they were not yet damaged even after the cells were treated with sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS) and ethylene diamine tetracetic acid(EDTA), but they were completely destroyed by the treatment of sodium perchlorate followed by the addition of chloroform and a vigorous agitation. Oozing cytoplasm through the broken cell walls was also observed. In the extraction of DNA from M.phlei, the pronase was not effective at the aerobic environment of the sample. When phenol was applied at the last step of DNA isolation, an extreme damage mass yielding little DNA into the solution. Unlike the cells of S.cerevisiae.M.phlei cells showed a tendency of aggregation, thus the destruction of cell walls by sodium hydroxide was seen only on the walls of peripheral cells in the aggregated mass, leaving the walls of the inner cells undamaged.

DNA 손상 및 돌연변이에 대한 영지버섯의 방어효능

이길수 ( Kil Soo Lee ),공석경 ( Seok Kyoung Kong ),최수영 ( Soo Young Choi ) 한국응용약물학회 2003 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.11 No.2

발광박테리아를 이용한 생물감시장치의 중금속에 대한 독성반응

이길수(Kil-Soo Lee),이승주(Seung-Joo Lee),왕창근(Chang-Keun Wang),최영균(Young-Gyun Choi),홍금용(Keum-Yong Hong) 대한환경공학회 2020 대한환경공학회지 Vol.42 No.2

목적 : 본 연구에서는 발광박테리아(Vibrio fischeri)가 방출한 빛의 강도가 약화되는 것을 측정하는 실시간 생물감시장치에서의 중금속(Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>, Pb<SUP>2+</SUP>, Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>, Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>)에 대한 독성반응을 평가하였다. 방법 : 발광저해도 시험은 4가지 중금속과 중금속이 첨가된 폐수 방류수를 포함하고 있다. 시험 시료에 대한 독성도는 동결 건조된 박테리아(Vibrio fischeri NRRL-B-11177)를 이용하여 생물검정을 수행하였다. 시료의 pH가 나타낼 수 있는 잠재적인 영향을 제거하기 위하여 시험 전에 pH를 7±0.2로 조절하였다. 생물감시장치는 발광된 빛으로부터 2분의 단시간 내에 시료의 독성도를 측정하여 결과를 산출한다. 그 후에 발광저해도 곡선으로부터 EC20과 EC50을 추정하였다. 결과 및 토의 : 중금속 희석액을 대상으로 한 발광저해도 시험의 경우, 각 중금속의 EC20은 Zn(II) < 0.2 mg/L, Hg(II) 0.45 mg/L, Cd(II) 0.58 mg/L 및 Pb(II) 1.95 mg/L로 추정되었고, EC50은 Zn(II) 0.25 mg/L, Hg(II) 0.5~1.0mg/L, Cd(II) 1.38 mg/L 및 Pb(II) 3.76 mg/L로 추정되었다. 중금속의 민감도는 Zn(II) > Hg(II), > Cd(II) > Pb(II) 순서로 나타났다. 중금속이 첨가한 폐수 방류수를 대상으로 한 발광저해도 시험의 경우, 각 중금속을 첨가한 시료의 EC20은 Hg(II) 0.38 mg/L, Zn(II) 0.58 mg/L, Pb(II) 1.45 mg/L 및 Cd(II) 1.95 mg/L로 추정되었고, EC50은 Hg(II) 0.53 mg/L, Zn(II) 1.13 mg/L, Pb(II) 6.44 mg/L 및 Cd(II) 7.82 mg/L로 추정되었다. 중금속이 첨가한 폐수에 대한 민감도는 Hg(II) > Zn(II) > Pb(II) > Cd(II) 순서로 나타났다. 우리나라의 수질오염물질 배출허용기준과 비교해서 Zn(II)의 EC20은 낮은 농도이기 때문에 방류수의 배출허용기준을 만족하는지를 감시하는 것은 적합하다고 판단된다. 그러나 그 외의 중금속의 EC20 수준으로는 단위공정의 제어나 사고로 인한 방류를 감시하는 목적으로 적용하는 것이 바람직하다. 결론 : 본 연구에서는 발광박테리아를 이용한 실시간 생물감시장치로 4가지 중금속과 중금속을 첨가한 시료에 대하여 독성도를 평가하였다. Zn(II)가 첨가된 폐수의 EC20은 0.58 mg/L로 배출허용기준보다 낮은 것으로 나타나 배출허용기준 초과 유무를 판별하는데 적절하다고 판단된다. 실시간 생물감시장치의 운영과 더불어 산업폐수처리시설에 대한 통합적 감시를 위해 물리화학적 분석을 병행할 필요가 있다. Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of heavy metals (Zn<SUP>2+</SUP>, Pb<SUP>2+</SUP>, Hg<SUP>2+</SUP>, Cd<SUP>2+</SUP>) toxicity in a real-time biosensor which is based on measuring the attenuation of light intensity emitted by Vibrio fischeri. Methods : The inhibition test included four heavy metals and the spiked effluent wastewater. The toxicity of the test samples was assessed by freeze-dried bacteria (Vibrio fischeri NRRL-B-11177). The pH of the samples was adjusted to 7±0.2 before conducting the toxicity tests in oder to eliminate potential pH effects. The results obtained from the real-time biosensor that can be measuring the toxicity of the samples as a function of the emitted light. within a short period time (2 min). And then EC20 and EC50 values was estimated from inhibition curves. Results and Discussion : In case of the inhibition test for dilluents of heavy metals, EC20 values were estimated as < 0.2 mg/L for Zn(II), 0.45 mg/L for Hg(II), 0.58 mg/L for Cd(II) and 1.95 mg/L for Pb(II) and EC50 values were estimated as 0.25 mg/L for Zn(II), 0.5~1.0 mg/L for Hg(II), 1.38 mg/L for Cd(II) and 3.76 mg/L for Pb(II). The sensitivity ranking of heavy metals was in order as Zn(II) > Hg(II), > Cd(II) > Pb(II). In case of the inhibition test for the spiked effluent wastewater, EC20 values were estimated as 0.38 mg/L for Hg(II), 0.58 mg/L for Zn(II), 1.45 mg/L for Pb(II) and 1.95 mg/L for Cd(II) and EC50 values were estimated as 0.53 mg/L for Hg(II), 1.13 mg/L for Zn(II), 6.44 mg/L for Pb(II) and 7.82 mg/L for Cd(II). The sensitivity ranking of the spiked effluent wastewater was in order as Hg(II) > Zn(II) > Pb(II) > Cd(II). Compared to the Emssion Limit Value (ELV) in Korea, the EC20 value of Zn(II) was found to be lower than ELV so that it was suitable for screening of Zn(II) as to meet the criteria of effluent wastewater. However, the other EC20 value of heavy metals can be used to control the unit processes and avoid accidental discharge. Conclusions : The assessment of the toxicity of four heavy metals and spiked samples with them was performed in this study, by real-time biosensor using bioluminescent bacteria. The EC20 value of the spiked sample with Zn(II) has been found to be 0.58 mg/L lower than its ELV so that it was considered as a suitable screening for determining whether or not to exceed the permissible limit value. The use of real-time biosensor is required in combination with physicochemical analyses for an integrated screening of the industrial effluent properties.

Steering Control of Independent 4 Wheels Vehicle Applied Ackerman Geometry

이길수(Kil Soo Lee),이영진(Young Jin Lee),고영호(Yung Ho Koh),김명국(Myoung Kook Kim),이만형(Man Hyung Lee) 한국자동차공학회 2009 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2009 No.11

Recently, The researches of vehicle's stability, controllability and comfortability are demanded because of increased usage of vehicle and mass transportation. The trend of vehicle is that the conventional vehicle accessories of mechanical link scheme are going to electronic module scheme connected by signal. The vehicle's heavy mechanical steering linkages will be replaced to servo motors and signal cables. For example, the four wheel steering(4WS) vehicle driven by electric power has made by WIA corporation. That 4WS type vehicle has various advantages of driving. The vehicle can go leftward or rightward without turning and can turn in standing state. But past researches were proceeded based on mechanical system. To convert heavy mechanical accessories to electronic modules, the proper modeled signals and research data based on electronic system are needed. In this paper, the Ackerman geometry in mechanical system is applied to electronic independent four wheels steering system. And an analysis conducted about the real model 4WS vehicle was manufactured for using in factory to transport heavy loads by unmanned. Afterward, the effect of the converted presence of the Ackerman geometry in steering performance is simulated and examined.

저산소 분압과 낮은 산도 조건에서 발현이 증가되는 결핵균 단백질의 동정

이길수(Kil-Soo Lee),박정규(Jeong-Kyu Park),임재현(Jae-Hyun Lim),김수영(Su-Young Kim),신아름(A-Rum Shin),양철수(Chul-Su Yang),오재희(Jae-Hee Oh),권유미(Yu-Mi Kwon),송창화(Chang-Hwa Song),조은경(Eun-Kyeong Jo),김화중(Hwa-Jung Kim) 대한미생물학회 2006 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.36 No.2

U-SAT을 이용한 4WS 무인 컨테이너 트랜스포터의 횡방향 제어

이길수(Kil Soo Lee),신택영(Taek Young Shin),김수용(Su Yong Kim),이정민(Jung Min Lee),이만형(Man Hyung Lee) 제어로봇시스템학회 2006 제어로봇시스템학회 합동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.12

麗水沿岸의 氣象要因이 定置網漁場의 海況에 미치는 影響

Dong Soo KIM(金東洙),Kil Soo LEE(李吉洙),Yong Hoo KIM(金龍珠) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 1995 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.4 No.-

In order to investigate the relation between the meterological factors and the fluctuation of sea condition of set net fishing grounds located in the coastal waters of yosu, meterological data of Yosu were investigated from Yosu meterological station, and the oceanographic observation was carried out at fishing ground in 1990. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. For Yosu bay was a coastal shallow water, the fishing grounds was influenced largely by atmospheric phenomena such as air temperature and precipitation, etc. The inner water was influenced by air temperature after about 15days and offshore water was influenced by air temperature after about 30days. 2. In the monthly variation of water temperature and air temperature in the vicinity of fishing ground, air temperature was lower than water temperature in Winter and air temperature was higher than water temperature in Spring and Summer. The maximum water temperature and air temperature was made on August, and minimum water temperature and air temperature was made on February. The reversing time of water temperature and air temperature took place on March and September. The difference of water temperature and air temperature of Yosu was biger than Sorido and Yokchido. 3. The monthly mean precipitation in the district of Yosu showed difference among the months. Its maximum was made in Summer and its minimum was made in Winter. Also high salinity appeared in Winter and low salinity appeared in Summer. Owing to the inflow of land water from the river of Somjin, inner water changed into low salinity immediately and offshore water changed into low salinity after 1 months.

E. coli DNA 절단과 mutagenicity에 대한 동충하초의 영향

이완희(Wanhee Lee),권혁일(Hyeok Yil Kwon),박진서(Jinseu Park),최수영(Soo Young Choi),이길수(Kil Soo Lee) 한국독성학회 1999 Toxicological Research Vol.15 No.3

Cordyceps militaris is one of the parasitic fungi Cordyceps sp. and used for Chinese traditional herbal medicine. Some components of Cordyceps sinensis extract such as cordycepin, certain polysaccharides and even it's crude extract are significantly effective on the immune system, enzyme inhibition, reveal anticancer and antifungal activity in animal experimental system. Protecting activity of Cordyceps militaris extract (CME) against DNA damage and antimutagenic activity of CME were investigated in microbial test system and in DNA fragmentation experiment. CME inhibited not only chromosomal DNA damage in E. coli, but also daunorubicin-induced plasmid DNA damage. It was observed that DNA damage inhibition in vitro by CME resulted from the inactivation of daunorubicin by CME, but not from cellular DNA protection by CME. In vivo mutagenicity test system in E. coli, CME did not repair DNA damage induced by 4-nitroquinoline-n-oxide (4NQO), but it caused the 4NQO inactivation which leads to inhibit 4NQO-induced β-galactosidase synthesis in SOS-chromotest. From the correlation between the inhibition of in vitro DNA fragmentation with the inhibition of cellular DNA damage in vivo, it is suggested that CME has an inhibitory effect on the DNA damaging action of daunorubicin and on the mutagenicity of 4NQO in E. coli test system.

ICT 융합기술을 활용한 암반특성 예측기능을 가진 유압 브레이커 개발에 관한 연구

윤복중(Bok Joong Yoon),이길수(Kil Soo Lee),임훈(Hoon Lim),이호연(Ho Yeon Lee),이명규(Myung Gyu Lee),권혁진(Hyuk Jin Kwon),김갑태(Kab Tae Kim),주진무(Jin Moo Joo) 대한기계학회 2017 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.41 No.7

고유가, 환경규제 등의 국제무역환경 변화에 따라 수출주력상품인 유압 브레이커의 고부가가치화를 위하여 지능형 전자제어유압시스템 분야인 ICT 융합기술을 활용하여 암반특성을 예측하고 최적모드(다단형)로 구동하는 지능형 파쇄기술 및 에너지 효율을 극대화할 수 있는 유압 브레이커 개발에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 암반의 강도에 따라 최적의 타격력을 제공하기 위해 근접센서를 이용해 암반 타격 시 피스톤의 하강 깊이를 측정하고 이를 통해 암반의 특성을 판별하여 타격력을 결정하는 피스톤 스트로크의 길이를 솔레노이드 밸브를 이용해 제어하였다. 다단 타격시스템을 위해 컨트롤러와 디스플레이/조작장치를 개발하였고, 무선통신을 이용하여 상호 정보교환이 가능하도록 하였다. 최종적으로 암반 강도에 따라 3단으로 타격할 수 있는 제어시스템을 개발하였고, 실차실험을 통해 이를 검증하였다. We have carried out the development for hydraulic breaker which can be operated by optimal mode with ICT convergence technology. This developed system can predict the rock properties. Moreover, this system can maximize the energy efficient with intelligent control of hydraulic system. In order to provide the optimal impact force, this system can measure the descending depth of piston with the proximity sensor and discriminate the rock properties with the measuring data and control the piston stroke using solenoid valve eventually. In addition, we have developed the controller, display module and operating device for cascade (multi-level impact) system and applied the module which can communicate each system by wireless communications. In conclusion, the control system which can control the multi-level impact in accordance with strength of rocks has been developed and approved by several field tests.

확률 기반의 위험등급평가 객관화 방안

신상식 ( Sang Sik Shin ),이길수 ( Kil Soo Lee ),조흥기 ( Heung Gi Cho ) 한국품질경영학회 2013 품질경영학회지 Vol.41 No.3

Purpose: To provide a variety of stable military supplies. risk should be avoided or removed. This paper aims to provide an objective method of risk assesruent for risk matrix to evaluate risk level. Methods: According to previous results of risk assesrnent through risk matrix. some parameters and probability density functions. which include characteristics of military supplies. are selected and Risk matrix is modelled based on that. Results: Results show that a proposed method can evaluate objectively risk level through the stochastic modelling and provide well-balanced risk assessments by categorizing into 3 levels such as high, middle and low level risk. Conclusion: A current risk assessment method includes substantial subjectivity of risk assessment and as a problem about military supplies comes up, we can not show any appropriate evidences for decision of risk assessment. We propose an objective scheme employing stochastic modelling with parameters and probability density functions.