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공적개발원조가 수혜국의 수출 및 경제 성장에 미치는 영향
이경아 ( Kyeong Ah Lee ),홍기석 ( Ki Seok Hong ) 한양대학교 경제연구소 2012 경제연구 Vol.33 No.2
2000년대 이후 우리나라는 저개발국가들의 빈곤 퇴치와 경제 성장에 기여하기 위한 방안으로 공적개발원조의 규모를 증가시키고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 국가간 원조가 수혜국의 경제 성장에 미치는 효과를 실증적으로 분석하는 것이다. 특히 본 연구는 원조 수혜국들을 수출 비중에 따라 두 집단으로 분류하여 원조 유입에 따른 Dutch Disease 현상이 두 집단 간에 어떻게 다르게 나타나는지를 분석한다. 본 연구의 분석 결과에 의하면 첫째, 전반적으로 볼 때 원조는 수혜국의 경제 성장에 긍정적인 효과를 가져 오며, 원조 유입으로 인한 Dutch Disease 현상은 뚜렷하게 관찰되지 않는다. 둘째, 그러나 수출 비중이 높은 수혜국의 경우에는 원조 유입이 실질 환율의 절상을 통하여 수출과 GDP 성장을 저해하는 부정적인 효과도 존재하는 것으로 나타난다. 다만 이 경우에도 원조의 부정적인 효과가 긍정적인 효과를 압도하지는 않는 것으로 보인다. In order to reduce poverty and promote economic growth in less developed countries, Korea has been expanding its official development assistance(ODA) contribution since the 2000s. The goal of this paper is to examine the relationship between ODA and real GDP growth of the recipient countries. In particular, we divide the recipients countries into two groups according to their export share, and then compare the effectiveness of ODA between the two groups. Our empirical results suggest: First, in general, ODA does promote economic growth in the recipient country. Real appreciation and the Dutch disease, problems often associated with ODA, are not evident in the data. Second, in recipient countries with a high share of exports, however, we find the existence of real appreciation and a resulting slowdown in export and GDP growth. Even so, all things considered, the positive effects of ODA outweigh the negative effects.
Up-regulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Smooth Muscle Cell Undergoing Death
이경아,김선미,김관회,Lee, Kyeong-Ah,Kim, Sun-Mi,Kim, Koan-Hoi Korean Society of Life Science 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.7
배지에 tetracycline이 없으면 사멸하는 평활근세포 (FADD-SMC)를 이용하여 metalloproteinase (MMP)와 사멸세포의 상관관계를 조사하였다. FADD-SMC를 tetracycline이 없는 배지에서 배양하는 경우 핵이 조각으로 잘라졌고 인산화한 p38과 ERK가 증가하고 MMP-9의 발현과 활성이 증가한 반면, cyclin D와 cyclin D의 발현은 감소하였다. 그리고 죽는 FADD-SMC에서 MMP-9의 발현은 immunofluorescen로 재확인하였다. MMP-9의 증가는 MAPK 억제제인 PD098059와 p38 MAPK 억제제인 SB203S80에 의하여 감소하였다. 그리고 MMP 억제제인 BB94는 FADD-SMC의 사멸을 감소시켰다. This study investigated whether matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) can be modified in apoptotic smooth muscle cell (SMC) using the SMC that undergoes apoptotic death by expressing Fas-associated death domain containing protein (FADD) when they are grown without tetracycline in culture medium. In the absence of tetracycline, FADD-SMC lost adherence and showed the fragmentation of the nuclei. In proportion to duration of tetracycline removal, phosphorylated form of p38 MAPK and of ERK increased, whereas phosphorylation of protein kinase B (PKB) was not changed very much in response to tetracycline The levels of cyclin A and cyclin D were also decreased in a time dependent manner. Up-regulation of MMP-9 expression and activity was observed when the SMC were grown without tetracycline. Immunoreactivity of MMP-9 was detected from both attached and floating FADD-SMCs grown without tetracycline. An inhibitor of MAPK kinase, PD098059, and an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, SB203580, inhibited the up-regulation of MMP-9. Treatment of the SMC with a synthetic MMP inhibitor, BB94, attenuated death occurring in the absence of tetracycline. These results indicate that SMC undergoing death is able to up-regulate MMP-9 and that the enzyme can affect cell viability.
Biological Activity of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Secreted from Smooth Muscle Cell Overexpressing FADD
김선미,이경아,김관회,Kim, Sun-Mi,Lee, Kyeong-Ah,Kim, Koan-Hoi Korean Society of Life Science 2007 생명과학회지 Vol.17 No.1
세포 배양액에 tetracycline이 없는 경우 FADD를 발현하면서 사멸하는 평활근세포 (FADD-SMC)에서 분비하는 $TNF-\alpha$의 활성을 조사하였다. 배양액에 tetracycline이 없는 경우 FADD-SMC는 약 1000 pg/ml의 $TNF-\alpha$를 분비하였다. $TNF-\alpha$를 포함하는 배양액을 분리하고, 이 배양액을 정상세포에 처리한 결과 인산화한 p38 MAPK와 nuclear, factor, kappa B (NF-kB)의 활성이 증가하였다. 또한 이 배양액을 L929 세포에 처리하는 경우 세포독성이 발생하였다. NF-kB, p38 MAPK 그리고 L929 세포에 대찬 효과는 배양액에서 suluble TNF receptor를 이용하여 $TNF-\alpha$를 제거하는 경우 감소하였다. This study investigated biological activity of tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-\alpha$ secreted from smooth muscle cell (SMC) destined for death by expressing Fas associated death domain containing protein (FADD) (FADD-SMC) when the cells are grown without tetracycline in culture medium. In the absence of tetracycline the FADD-SMC secreted approximately 1000 pg/ml $TNF-\alpha$, whereas hardly detectable amount of the cytokine existed in the presence of tetracycline. The culture medium collected from the FADD-SMC grown in the absence of tetracycline increased phosphorylated form of p38 MAPK and up-regulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). The medium collected without tetracycline also caused death of L929 cells. Depletion of $TNF-\alpha$ with the soluble TNF receptor (sTNFR) inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, the up-regulation of NF-kB activity and the death activity of the medium collected from FADD-SMC in the absence of tetracycline. These results indicate that $TNF-\alpha$ secreted from SMC undergoing death is biologically active and can affect cellular function.
다가알코올로부터 추출된 황금, 아카시아, 한라봉 추출물의 천연 방부시스템 연구
박성민(Sung-Min Park),이경아(Kyeong-Ah Lee),윤미영(Mi-Young Yun),김영재(Young-Jae Kim),이상화(Sang-Hwa Lee) 한국생물공학회 2011 KSBB Journal Vol.26 No.6
The aim of this study was to develop a new natural preservative system to improve the weak points of natural polyhydric alcohols together with the efficiency of natural plants as a preservative. Polyhydric alcohols (glyceryl caprylate and ethylhexylglycerin) and antimicrobial plants (S. radix, A. nilotica and C. reticulata) were tested using the disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method for their antimicrobial activity against the common poultry pathogens, respectively. A study of the preservative efficacy of the cosmetic formulations containing the optimized preservative system demonstrated sufficient preservative efficacy against bacteria and eukaryotic test microbes. These results suggest that the natural preservative system including polyhydric alcohol extracts containing natural plants could be incorporated in cosmetic formulations.
Phylogeny of Mite Taxa (Acari : Sarcoptiformes) Based on Small Subunit Ribosomal RNA Sequences
이근희,유학선,박상균,이선주,이경아,김선미,옥미선,정해진,Lee Keun Hee,Yu Hak Sun,Park Sang Kyun,Lee Sun Joo,Lee Kyeong Ah,Kim Sun Mee,Ock Mee Sun,Jeong Hae Jin Korean Society of Life Science 2006 생명과학회지 Vol.16 No.1
We analyzed the phylogenic relationships of 23 partial 18S rDNA sequences of 22 species (1 species has 2 strains) belonging to Sarcorptiforms include 4 new sequences, using several tools. Although geographic distributions are quite far from, sequence similarity of two strains of Dermatophygoides pteronyssinus isolated from Japan and New Zealand were very high. This result suggests that mite migration by animals including human occurred in the two continents. We investigated the Endeostigmata taxonomic relationship between the Prostigmata and Oribatida subgroups using small fragments (340-400 bp) of their 185 rDNA sequences. But Endeostigmata was not grouped with Oribatida or Prostigmata. In conclusion, it is first reported phylogenic relationship for classified mites included in Sarcoptiformes using 185 rDNA sequence analysis and its system is a very powerful tool for classification of mites.