제대혈 채취 후 유로키나제의 첨가가 제대혈 적혈구 제거시 조혈모세포의 수득률에 미치는 영향

이영호,박현우,이영아,한훈,김경희,한진영 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2000 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.5 No.1

목적:제대혈 채취 후 24시간이 경과하여 적혈구를 제거하는 경우에 제대혈내의 응고계 및 섬유소 융해계의 변화로 인하여 clumping이나 미세혈전 등이 생겨 유핵세포나 CD34+ 세포의 수득률이 감소될 수 있다. 따라서 비록 항응고제가 처리된 제대혈이라 할지라도 제대혈 분리 전에 urokinase를 첨가하면 조혈모세포의 수득률을 높일 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 현재까지 이에 대한 연구가 전혀 없는 상태이므로, 본 연구에서는 시간이 경과된 제대혈에 urokinase를 첨가하는 것이 효과가 있는지, 있다면 얼마의 용량이 적절한지 알아보기로 하였다. 방법:1) 채취한 후 48시간 경과된 제대혈에 대한 분석: 15례의 제대혈을 채취하여 채취 직후와 48시간 후에 10% pentastarch로 적혈구를 분리한 다음, 총유핵세포수와 CD34+ 세포수를 측정하여 수득률을 비교하였다. 48시간이 경과한 검체에 대하여 urokinase는 제대혈 분리 30분 전에 첨가하였으며, urokinase를 첨가하지 않은 군과 urokinase 5,000 IU/mL, 10,000 IU/mL, 50,000 IU/mL을 첨가한 네군으로 나누어 각각의 수득률을 비교 분석하였다. 2) 채취한 후 24시간이내의 제대혈에 대한 분석: 12례의 제대혈을 채취한 직후에 적혈구를 분리하여 총유핵세포수와 CD34+ 세포수, CFU-GM 집락수를 측정하였다. 동일한 검체를 6시간, 12시간, 24시간 동안 실온에 방치한 후 상기 실험 결과 가장 효과적인 용량의 urokinase를 첨가한 군과 첨가하지 않은 군으로 나누어 각각 적혈구를 분리한 다음, 총유핵세포수와 CD34+ 세포수, CFU-GM 집락수를 측정 비교하였다. 결과:1) 제대혈 채취 48시간 후에 urokinase를 첨가하지 않은 경우와 urokinase 5,000 IU/mL를 첨가한 경우 총유핵세포수의 차이가 없었지만, urokinase 10,000 IU/mL, 50,000 IU/mL를 첨가한 경우에는 urokinase를 첨가하지 않은 경우에 비하여 총유핵세포수의 의미있는 증가를 보였다(P=0.0024, P=0.0009). 2) 제대혈 채취 48시간 후에 urokinase 5,000 IU/mL이나 50,000 IU/mL를 첨가한 경우에는 urokinase를 첨가하지 않은 경우에 비하여 CD34+ 세포수의 차이가 없었지만, urokinase 10,000 IU/mL를 첨가한 경우에는 urokinase를 첨가하지 않은 경우에 비하여 CD34+ 세포수의 의미있는 증가를 보였다(P=0.0402). 3) Urokinase 10,000 IU/mL를 첨가하였던 군이나 첨가하지 않았던 군 모두에서 제대혈 채취 즉시 적혈구를 분리하였던 경우에 비하여 6시간, 12시간, 24시간이 경과할수록 총유핵세포수, CD34+ 세포수, CFU-GM 집락수가 약간씩 감소하였으나 시간경과에 따른 통계적 차이는 없었다. 또한 제대혈 채취 24시간 이내에는 각 시간대별로 urokinase 10,000 IU/mL 첨가 유무에 따른 총유핵세포수, CD34+ 세포수, CFU-GM 집락수의 통계적 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 결론:채혈한지 48시간 경과된 제대혈을 냉동 보관해야 하는 경우에는 urokinase 10,000 IU/mL를 첨가하고 30분 후에 적혈구를 분리하는 것이 유핵세포와 CD34+ 세포의 수득률을 높일 수 있는 방법이며, 24시간 이내에 적혈구를 분리하는 경우에는 urokinase를 첨가할 필요가 없을 것으로 생각된다. Background:We assessed whether the urokinase could increase the yield of progenitor cells during processing in elapsed, even anticoagulated, cord blood after collection, and also determined the optimal dosage of urokinase. Methods:Twenty-seven cord blood samples were collected with ACD-coated syringes from umbilical cord vein after full-term vaginal delivery, and red cells were depleted with 10% pentastarch. We assessed the effect and optimal dosage of urokinase by comparing total nucleated cell (TNC) counts and CD34+ cell counts between fresh and 48 hour-elapsed cord bloods. The urokinase was administered to the 48 hour-elapsed cord bloods 30 minutes before separation as the dose of 0 IU/mL, 5,000 IU/mL, 10,000 IU/mL and 50,000 IU/mL, respectively. Thereafter, by using the most effective dosage of urokinase, we also assessed the effect of urokinase in the 6, 12 and 24 hour-elapsed cord bloods. Results:The TNC counts after separation in 48 hour-elapsed cord bloods were significantly higher in 10,000 IU/mL and 50,000 IU/mL of urokinase treated samples than untreated and 5,000 IU/mL treated samples. The CD34+ cell counts were significantly higher in 10,000 IU/mL of urokinase treated samples than untreated and 5,000 or 50,000 IU/mL treated samples. In 6, 12 and 24 hour-elapsed cord bloods, however, there were no significant differences of TNC count, CD34+ cell count and CFU-GM count between 10,000 IU/mL of urokinase treated samples and untreated samples . Conclusion: The addition of 10,000 IU/mL of urokinase before separation of 48 hour-elapsed, even anticoagulated, cord bloods could increase the yield of progenitor cells. However, there are no advantage of urokinase for processing of cord bloods not elapsed 24 hours after collection.

스마트폰에 접속 가능한 소형 혈당 모듈

김경아, 이인광, 허아롱, 김경옥, 차은종 충북대학교 의과대학 충북대학교 의학연구소 2014 忠北醫大學術誌 Vol.24 No.1

연구목적: 스마트폰에 접속하여 혈당을 측정할 수 있는 소형 혈당 모듈을 개발하여 그 유용성을 실험 적으로 검증하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 혈액이 전극에 주입되어 생성되는 전류가 전압의 형태로 변환되어 혈당값으로 변환되는 전기화학적 측정 원리를 적용하여 소형 혈당 모듈을 개발하였다. 혈당 모듈의 최소한의 측정 혈액 양은 0.5 μL이며, 5초 이내로 측정이 가능하도록 설계 및 제작하였다. 스마트폰과의 통신은 frequencyshift keying(FSK) 모뎀 방식을 적용하였다. 혈당 모듈의 정확도 실험을 위해 시판되는 혈당계와 인 공혈액으로 비교 실험을 수행하였다. 결과: 시판되는 제품과의 성능 비교 실험에서 시판 제품은 391 mg/dL를 나타내었으며, 소형 혈당 모 듈은 401 mg/dL를 나타내었다. 혈당 모듈의 크기는 50×30×7 mm로서 휴대의 편리성을 높였다. 결론: 스마트폰 기반의 소형 혈당 모듈을 개발하였으며, 기존 제품과의 혈당 측정 상대오차가 약 2.6%로서 정확한 혈당 측정이 가능함을 실험적으로 검증하였다.

장애인 교육권 보장을 위한 특수교육법률 고찰

강경희,안병주,이선재,황정보,김청아 朝鮮大學校 社會科學硏究所 2007 社會科學硏究 Vol.28 No.2

복지권으로서 교육권 보장을 위한 『장애인 등에 대한 특수교육법』

황정보,이선재,안병주,강경희,김청아 국립특수교육원 2007 특수교육연구 Vol.14 No.2

결핍에서 오는 필요의 개념은 장애인에게 복지권으로서 교육받을 권리를 가장 잘 말해주고 있다. 장애인은 신체적·인지적 손상으로 발생하는 기본적인 생존적 필요의 충족뿐만 아니라 동시에 교육기회 균등이나 개인차의 고려 등을 통해 무지로부터 벗어날 수 있는 보편적 필요가 충족되어야 함을 논의하였다. 장애인들에게 이러한 결핍에 따른 필요를 충족시켜 줄 이론적 근거가 롤즈(J. Rawls)의 정의론이라 할 수 있다. 정의론의 '차등의 원칙'에 따르면, 교육에 있어 비장애인과 장애인 중 먼저 최소 수혜자인 장애인의 교육복지를 우선하여 극대화할 필요성을 제시함으로써, 그들의 교육권 보장을 위한 이론적 근거에 대한 정당화를 논의하였다. 기존의 특수교육진흥법은 '국가가 교육할 권리'를 가지는 국가 주도적 교육이었다면, 「장애인 등에 대한 특수교육법」 제정은 수년간 장애인의 교육권 확보를 위해 애쓴 장애인 교육 주체들이 노력 끝에 '교육받을 권리'를 찾게 된 의미 있는 결실로 평가되어 진다. The concept of need which comes from lack represents well the right to education as welfare rights to individuals with disabilities. It is necessary to meet the universal need of individuals with disabilities such as an equal opportunity for education and the consideration for individual difference as well as their substantial need. The rationale which may satisfy the need associated with the lack can be J. Rawls's a Theory of Justice. The difference principle by Rawls presents the need of the educational welfare of individuals with disabilities(the least advantaged) to take precedence over that of the non-disabled and be maximized, it is considered that he created the rationale that makes secure their right to education. While established Special Education Promotion Law was national-driven education that state had to the education right, the enactment of 'the Special Education Law for the Individuals with Disabilities, etc.' can be a significant fruit which takes back 'the right to education by citizens' by the educational subjects of the individuals with disability who have taken pains to secure their right to education for years.

Hypoglycemia at Admission in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Predicts a Higher 30-Day Mortality in Patients With Poorly Controlled Type 2 Diabetes Than in Well-Controlled Patients

Lee, Sang Ah,Cho, Suk Ju,Jeong, Myung Ho,Kim, Young Jo,Kim, Chong Jin,Cho, Myeong Chan,Kim, Hyo-Soo,Ahn, Youngkeun,Koh, Gwanpyo,Lee, Jeong mi,Oh, Seok Kyu,Yun, Kyeong Ho,Kim, Ha Young,Cho, Chung Gu,Le American Diabetes Association 2014 Diabetes Care Vol.37 No.8

<P><B>OBJECTIVE</B></P><P>We aimed to evaluate the association between hypoglycemia at admission and 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to determine whether these associations differed according to diabetes-control status in AMI patients with diabetes.</P><P><B>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</B></P><P>We analyzed the prognostic significance of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in 34,943 AMI patients with or without type 2 diabetes from two AMI registries: the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) and the Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction (KorMI).</P><P><B>RESULTS</B></P><P>The patients were divided into five groups according to serum-glucose levels at admission: <3.9 mmol/L (<70 mg/dL); 3.9–7.72 mmol/L (70–139 mg/dL); 7.78–11.06 mmol/L (140–199 mg/dL); 11.11–14.39 mmol/L (200–259 mg/dL); and ≥14.44 mmol/L (≥260 mg/dL). The 30-day mortality rates in the lowest and highest glucose groups were higher than those in other groups; the lowest glucose group had the highest mortality for patients with type 2 diabetes, after adjusting for multiple factors. We also extracted and compared four subgroups from the patients with type 2 diabetes, based on hemoglobin A1c and serum-glucose levels at admission: group A, <6.5% (48 mmol/mol) and <3.9 mmol/L; group B, <6.5% (48 mmol/mol) and ≥11.11 mmol/L; group C, ≥8% (64 mmol/mol) and <3.9 mmol/L; and group D, ≥8% (64 mmol/mol) and ≥11.11 mmol/L. Group C had the highest 30-day mortality rate among the groups.</P><P><B>CONCLUSIONS</B></P><P>These data suggest that hypoglycemia at admission affects clinical outcomes differently in AMI patients with type 2 diabetes depending on the diabetes-control status.</P>

Brain ischemic preconditioning protects against moderate, not severe, transient global cerebral ischemic injury

Lee, Jae-Chul,Shin, Bich-Na,Cho, Jeong Hwi,Lee, Tae-Kyeong,Kim, In Hye,Noh, YooHun,Kim, Sung-Su,Lee, Hyang-Ah,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Hyeyoung,Cho, Jun Hwi,Park, Joon Ha,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Kang, Il Jun,Hwan Springer-Verlag 2018 Metabolic brain disease Vol.33 No.4

Real-Time 3D TEE for Diagnosis of Subvalvular Pannus Formation in Mechanical Aortic Valves : Comparison With Multidetector CT and Surgical Findings

Lee, Sahmin,Lee, Seung-Pyo,Park, Eun-Ah,Hong, Mi-Kyeong,Kim, Ji-Hyun,Kim, Hyung-Kwan,Lee, Whal,Kim, Yong-Jin,Sohn, Dae-Won American College of Cardiology 2015 JACC CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING Vol.8 No.12

Effects of warming and eutrophication on coastal phytoplankton production

Lee, Kyung Ha,Jeong, Hae Jin,Lee, Kitack,Franks, Peter J.S.,Seong, Kyeong Ah,Lee, Sung Yeon,Lee, Moo Joon,Hyeon Jang, Se,Potvin, Eric,Suk Lim, An,Yoon, Eun Young,Yoo, Yeong Du,Kang, Nam Seon,Kim, Kwan Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. 2019 HARMFUL ALGAE Vol.81 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Phytoplankton production in coastal waters influences seafood production and human health and can lead to harmful algal blooms. Water temperature and eutrophication are critical factors affecting phytoplankton production, although the combined effects of warming and nutrient changes on phytoplankton production in coastal waters are not well understood. To address this, phytoplankton production changes in natural waters were investigated using samples collected over eight months, and under 64 different initial conditions, established by combining four different water temperatures (i.e., ambient T, +2, +4, and + 6 °C), and two different nutrient conditions (i.e., non-enriched and enriched). Under the non-enriched conditions, the effect of warming on phytoplankton production was significantly positive in some months, significantly negative in others, or had no effect. However, under enriched conditions, warming affected phytoplankton production positively in all months except one, when the salinity was as low as 6.5. These results suggest that nutrient conditions can alter the effects of warming on phytoplankton production. Of several parameters, the ratio of initial nitrate concentration to chlorophyll <I>a</I> concentration [NCCA, μM (μg L<SUP>−1</SUP>)<SUP>−1</SUP>] was one of the most critical factors determining the directionality of the warming effects. In laboratory experiments, when NCCA in the ambient or nutrient-enriched waters was ≥1.2, warming increased or did not change phytoplankton production with one exception; however, when NCCA was <1.2, warming did not change or decreased production. In the time series data obtained from the coastal waters of four target countries, when NCCA was 1.5 or more, warming increased phytoplankton production, whereas when NCCA was lower than 1.5, warming lowered phytoplankton production, Thus, it is suggested that NCCA could be used as an index for predicting future phytoplankton production changes in coastal waters.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Four temperatures and two nutrient conditions in 8 months were combined. </LI> <LI> Under non-enriched conditions, warming affected positively, negatively, or negligibly. </LI> <LI> Under the enriched conditions, warming in all months except one affected positively. </LI> <LI> Thus, nutrient conditions can alter warming effects on phytoplankton production. </LI> <LI> Ratio of initial nitrate to chlorophyll-a concentration was a critical factor. </LI> </UL> </P>

Soil Characteristics of Newly Reclaimed Tidal Land and Its Changes by Cultivation of Green Manure Crops

Lee, Kyeong-Bo,Kang, Jong-Gook,Lee, Kyeong-Do,Lee, Sanghun,Hwang, Seon-Ah,Hwang, Seon-Woong,Kim, Hong-Kyu 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the soil characteristics of newly reclaimed tidal land and the effect of green manure crops on soil properties. Summer green manure crops such as sesbania (Sesbania grandiflora), barnyard grass (Echinochloa spp.) and sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid (Sorghum bicolor L.) were cultivated at Hwaong, Ewon, Saemangeum and Yongsangang area. Soil pH of reclaimed tidal land was relatively high, but organic matter and available phosphorus contents were lower compared to the optimum range for common upland crops. Soil nutrient contents were unbalanced for upland crop growth. Yield of green manure crops had a wide spatial variation. Nitrogen content in green manure crops was the greater in Sesbania and it was estimated that major nutrient ($N-P_2O_5-K_2O$) supply amount were 150-40-370, 220-50-170 and 140-50-250 $kg\;ha^{-1}$ from sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid, sesbania and barnyard grass, respectively. Based on these results, desalination is required to grow the upland crops at newly reclaimed tidal lands and management practices are necessary to reduce the salt damage by resalinization during the growing seasons. To improve the productivity and increase the nutrient utilization rate, soil physicochemical properties need to be improved to the level for upland crops by application of organic matter and fertilizer.

Age-dependent decreases in insulin-like growth factor-I and its receptor expressions in the gerbil olfactory bulb

Lee, Tae-Kyeong,Chen, Bai Hui,Lee, Jae-Chul,Shin, Myoung Cheol,Cho, Jun Hwi,Lee, Hyang-Ah,Choi, Jung Hoon,Hwang, In Koo,Kang, Il Jun,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Park, Joon Ha,Choi, Soo Young,Won, Moo-Ho SPANDIDOS PUBLICATIONS 2018 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS Vol.17 No.6

<P>Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a multifunctional protein present in the central nervous system. A number of previous studies have revealed alterations in IGF-I and its receptor (IGF-IR) expression in various regions of the brain. However, there are few reports on age-dependent alterations in IGF-I and IGF-IR expressions in the olfactory bulb, which contains the secondary neurons of the olfactory system. The present study examined the cellular morphology in the olfactory bulb by using cresyl violet (CV) staining at postnatal month (PM) 3 in the young group, PM 6 in the adult group and PM 24 in the aged group in gerbils. In addition, detailed examinations were performed of the protein levels and immunoreactivities of IGF-I and IGF-IR in the olfactory bulb in each group. There were no significant changes in the cellular morphology between the three groups. The protein levels and immunoreactivities of the IGF-I and IGF-IR were the highest in the young group and they decreased with age. He protein levels and immunoreactivities of the IGF-I and IGF-IR were the lowest in the aged group. In brief, our results indicate that IGF-I and IGF-IR expressions are strong in young olfactory bulbs and significantly reduced in aged olfactory bulbs. In conclusion, subsequent decreases in IGF-I and IGF-IR expression with age may be associated with olfactory decline. Further studies are required to investigate the roles of IFG-I and IGF-IR in disorders of the olfactory system.</P>