組織開發技法이 組織構成員의 態度變化에 미치는 影響

이강식 慶北大學校 1996 국내박사

動機賦與에 관한 硏究 : 陸軍初級將校를 中心으로

李康植 慶南大學校 經營大學院 1986 국내석사

Cu impregnation을 이용한 (Cu,Ni)-Ce0.8Sm0.2O2-δ 합성과 특성평가

이강식 전북대학교 대학원 2011 국내석사

Abstract This study focused on the development of Cu impregnation process, investigation of carbon deposition and performance of Ni-SDC/YSZ/SDC/LSCF and (Ni,Cu)-SDC/YSZ/SDC/LSCF single cells in H2 and CH4 fuel. The results obtained are as follows. 1. (Ni,Cu)O-SDC/YSZ/SDC could be prepared by dipping NiO-SDC/YSZ/SDC into the Cu(NO3)2∙3H2O aqueous solution in desiccator and vacuumed by pumping. 2. (Ni,Cu)-SDC/YSZ/SDC/LSCF was fabricated by spin coating LSCF slurry on the (Ni,Cu)O-SDC/YSZ/SDC. 3. The impregnated amount of Cu in the anode increased, but the porosity decreased gradually with impregnation time. 4. The power density of single cell decreased with decreasing porosity in H2 fuel while it increased largely in CH4 fuel with Cu impregnation time. 5. Ni-SDC/YSZ/SDC/LSCF single cell without Cu impregnation showed the maximum power density of 418.5 mWcm-2 in H2 fuel while it showed 261.0 mAcm-2 in CH4 fuel. 6. (Ni,Cu)-SDC/YSZ/SDC/LSCF with four times Cu impregnation showed 251.2 mAcm-2 while it showed higher 382.9 mAcm-2 than H2 fuel. 7. Cu impregnation decreased the amount of carbon deposition in the anode largely.

國土利用管理에 있어 準農林地域 開發에 관한 硏究

이강식 건국대학교 1998 국내석사

고위험군 신생아에서 항생제 투여 후의 뇌간 청각유발전위 검사

이강식 한양대학교 대학원 2006 국내석사

朝鮮의 學校法規 및 敎育規範에 關한 硏究

이강식 慶星大學校 敎育大學院 1991 국내석사

The purpose of this study is to examine the school regulations and the educational laws and norms of Chosen dynasty, for which I classified its educational systems as Kwanhak(governmental school) and as Sahak(private school) or as Kyungh and as Hyanghak according to the distribution. And it is also the purpose to investigate the confucian educational systems of Chosen and the educational situations of the confucianists, for which I examined the schools, the school regulations and the educational norms of the pupils of Chosen. Chosen succeeded to the educational systems of Koryo dynasty from the beginning of its foundation and rearranged school systems with the transfer of the capital to Han Sung. For the effective school education and practical handling of school matters, Chosen enacted school laws and educational laws, which helped to administer school education systematically. Above all, the school education which Chosen practiced was an unprecedented new system and made a great contribution to the development of school educational systems. In investigating various kinds of laws and norms about Chosen's schools and education, I found that there were two ways for the educational legislations : one way was by royal command and the other by personal intention. But there were some overlappings in the contents. They were titled as Samok, Golmok and Mobom and it was difficult to distinguish one from another, however, roughly speaking, Samok meant regulations and Golmok indicated articales and details, on the basis of which I classified Samok as school 1was, Golmok as educational lowa and Mobom as the norms of pupil's school life for convenience sake. Through examining the background of school estabilishment and its laws and norms, I obtained the following results ; As for the educationsl systems of Choson' school, there were Songkyunkwan and Sahak(meaning four schools) in the capital and Hyangkyo(elementary schools in a country), Sowon and Sedans in the local areas, however, these educational organizations were not organic school systems by the stratification which were recognized by Chosen dynasty but independent ones. Choson edtabilished various educational regulations and laws and norms about schools of each class to run kwanhak and Sahak(private school) effectively from the beginning of its formation. Among them, Kwanhaksamok and Hakyosamok were basic systems of school education ; the one recommended Sohak as a basic book of every educational and the other explained school administration including the personnel about teachers and pupils. And the laws of every school consisted of Hakryung of Songkyunkwan, the regulations of Sahak(four schools), and the school regulations of Hyanghak. Hakryong, the specific regulations about Songkyunkwan, was general ones about Kwanhak and became the fundermental laws in Chosen's education. The regultaions of Sahak(four schools) made no fundermental differences with those of Hyandhak(schools in a country side) and the pupils who made excellent records were entitled to Sengjinsi(state exam), which helped to encourage school disciplines. There were Ginhakgolmok, Kyongwoyhakyogolmok, and Hakyogolmok about educational laws : the first specified teacher's employment, the transfer of his post, a confucianist's study and his attendence ; the second regulated teacher's employment in each school, the reading days of each subject, the assessment of records, prizes and penalties, the juvenile education and so on ; the third was the regulations which applied to every pupil in Songkyunkwan, Sahak(four schools), Hyangkyo and it included the articles on academy. And there were Wonjomholmok and Hakyomobom about the norms of pupil's life ; that was school regulations which evaluated the confucianists in Songkyunkwan ana Sahak according to the degree of there diligence : this specified pupil's distiplines, stipulated his self- culture and included the comprehensive contents and methods of the confucian education. As mentioned above, our country's school education has been practiced since the period of Three Kingdoms, but it is Chosen dynasty that instituted and enforced school regulations and educational laws to administer school education reasonably, and those laws of Chosen have had a significant meaning through our educational history. Instead of immitating the school laws in foreign countries, we are enforcing the school laws of chosen as fundermental ones in modern schools, which is meaningful in that we have succeeded to the educational systems of our ancient country, Chosen, which have also made a great contribution to the development of our educational systems through the history and it is required to make a further research into Choson's educational systems. The purpose of this study is to examine the school regulations and the educational laws and norms of Chosen dynasty, for which I classified its educational systems as Kwanhak(governmental school) and as Sahak(private school) or as Kyungh and as Hyanghak according to the distribution. And it is also the purpose to investigate the confucian educational systems of Chosen and the educational situations of the confucianists, for which I examined the schools, the school regulations and the educational norms of the pupils of Chosen. Chosen succeeded to the educational systems of Koryo dynasty from the beginning of its foundation and rearranged school systems with the transfer of the capital to Han Sung. For the effective school education and practical handling of school matters, Chosen enacted school laws and educational laws, which helped to administer school education systematically. Above all, the school education which Chosen practiced was an unprecedented new system and made a great contribution to the development of school educational systems. In investigating various kinds of laws and norms about Chosen's schools and education, I found that there were two ways for the educational legislations : one way was by royal command and the other by personal intention. But there were some overlappings in the contents. They were titled as Samok, Golmok and Mobom and it was difficult to distinguish one from another, however, roughly speaking, Samok meant regulations and Golmok indicated articales and details, on the basis of which I classified Samok as school 1was, Golmok as educational lowa and Mobom as the norms of pupil's school life for convenience sake. Through examining the background of school estabilishment and its laws and norms, I obtained the following results ; As for the educationsl systems of Choson' school, there were Songkyunkwan and Sahak(meaning four schools) in the capital and Hyangkyo(elementary schools in a country), Sowon and Sedans in the local areas, however, these educational organizations were not organic school systems by the stratification which were recognized by Chosen dynasty but independent ones. Choson edtabilished various educational regulations and laws and norms about schools of each class to run kwanhak and Sahak(private school) effectively from the beginning of its formation. Among them, Kwanhaksamok and Hakyosamok were basic systems of school education ; the one recommended Sohak as a basic book of every educational and the other explained school administration including the personnel about teachers and pupils. And the laws of every school consisted of Hakryung of Songkyunkwan, the regulations of Sahak(four schools), and the school regulations of Hyanghak. Hakryong, the specific regulations about Songkyunkwan, was general ones about Kwanhak and became the fundamental laws in Chosen's education. The regultaions of Sahak(four schools) made no fundermental differences with those of Hyandhak(schools in a country side) and the pupils who made excellent records were entitled to Sengjinsi(state exam), which helped to encourage school disciplines. There were Ginhakgolmok, Kyongwoyhakyogolmok, and Hakyogolmok about educational laws : the first specified teacher's employment, the transfer of his post, a confucianist's study and his attendence ; the second regulated teacher's employment in each school, the reading days of each subject, the assessment of records, prizes and penalties, the juvenile education and so on ; the third was the regulations which applied to every pupil in Songkyunkwan, Sahak(four schools), Hyangkyo and it included the articles on academy. And there were Wonjomholmok and Hakyomobom about the norms of pupil's life ; that was school regulations which evaluated the confucianists in Songkyunkwan ana Sahak according to the degree of there diligence : this specified pupil's distiplines, stipulated his self- culture and included the comprehensive contents and methods of the confucian education. As mentioned above, our country's school education has been practiced since the period of Three Kingdoms, but it is Chosen dynasty that instituted and enforced school regulations and educational laws to administer school education reasonably, and those laws of Chosen have had a significant meaning through our educational history. Instead of immitating the school laws in foreign countries, we are enforcing the school laws of chosen as fundermental ones in modern schools, which is meaningful in that we have succeeded to the educational systems of our ancient country, Chosen, which have also made a great contribution to the development of our educational systems through the history and it is required to make a further research into Choson's educational systems.

特性不安 및 狀態不安이 運動 퍼포먼스에 미치는 影響

이강식 仁荷大學校 敎育大學院 1985 국내석사

The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of trait and state anxiety upon the performance of basketball skill. Dates is gathered 80 middle school senior students in Inchon (male). The summarizing results obtained from statistical analysis based on tested data as follows; 1. The mean value of the state anxiety is scored 23.78 and the statistical norm is ± 4.33. 2. The mean value of the state anxiety is 19.99 and statistical norm is ± 4.04. 3. The corelation between trait and state anxiety level is valuable one. (r = 0.41) 4. The relation between the Level of trait and motor performance is relatively small - so small, in fact, as to be of little significance. 5. The state anxiety level, p<0.05, is a more potent factor in determining the magnitude of the motor performance.

Composite Right/Left-Handed 전송선 구조를 이용한 Zeroth-Order Resonant 안테나

이강식 서강대학교 대학원 2013 국내석사

본 논문에서는 CRLH (Composite Right/Left-handed) 전송선 구조를 이용한 zeroth-order resonant (ZOR) 안테나를 제안한다. 제안된 안테나는 right-handed (RH) 전송선과 left-handed (LH) 전송선의 조합인 CRLH 전송선의 등가회로를 단위 셀 (cell) 로 구현하고, 이를 3단으로 연결시켜줌으로써 ZOR 특성을 갖게 되며 electrically small antenna (ESA, ka < 0.5)의 조건을 만족한다. 제안된 ZOR 안테나는 CRLH unit cell을 주기적으로 반복하여 연결한 구조이므로, 3단 연결에서 기인하는 n = 0, ±1, ±2의 위치에서 공진 주파수를 형성하며 다중 대역 동작 특성을 제공한다. 제작된 영차 공진 안테나는 0.89 GHz, 1.04 GHz, 1.11 GHz, 1.37 GHz, 1.51 GHz 에서 공진하며 -2.77, -5.25, -3.41, -5.57, -5.83 dBi의 안테나 이득을 갖는 측정 결과를 보여준다. 제작된 안테나는 반사 손실 상의 공진 주파수와 분산 곡선상의 공진 주파수의 위치가 일치하여 ZOR 동작을 하는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 본 연구를 통해 제시된 CRLH 전송선 구조를 이용한 ZOR 안테나는 안테나의 소형화와 방사 효율의 개선에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

자치입법권의 실효적 강화 방안에 관한 연구

이강식 건국대학교 대학원 2023 국내석사

Chapter 8 of our current Constitution has provisions to guarantee the local autonomy system. Local autonomy is a form in which appropriate administration is carried out according to the characteristics and circumstances of the region in order to realize democracy. In order to effectively guarantee local autonomy, it is necessary to strengthen the autonomous legislative power of local governments.Article 117 (1) of the Constitution, the Local Autonomy Act, and individual laws stipulate that the delegation of laws is necessary to restrict the infringement of residents' rights or obligations.Strengthening autonomous legislative power guarantees autonomy and expands the scope of its regulations to give local governments wide authority over autonomous legislation. However, it is limited in accordance with the basic principles of the drafting of local laws and regulations.The Local Autonomy Act operates internal institutions in a confrontational structure. In other words, it is a structure that separates the voting agency and the executive agency to promote independent mission performance through mutual checks and balances. The precedent is that the exclusive authority of the head of a local government granted by the law includes the right to propose an ordinance, and it is illegal for the local council to actively intervene in matters belonging to the exclusive authority of the head of a local government. In addition, if the local council proposes local laws and regulations, it is necessary to judge matters belonging to the authority of the head of the local government differently depending on individual issues, rather than uniformly applying them. In order to strengthen the autonomous legislative power, we look at measures in the national legal system. It is necessary to stipulate the principle of decentralization and supplementation in the Constitution to enhance normative power and discuss the Constitution as a guideline for national legislative rights. In order to effectively separate power, the National Assembly and local councils should be empowered to attribute legislative power, and local legislative power should be expanded through the sharing of legislative power by stipulating it competitively. In addition, systematic status should be determined so that local laws and regulations can have quasi-legal effects. In order to improve the restriction of autonomous legislative rights, not administrative or delegated legislation, the contents of Article 117 (1) of the Constitution should be revised from "within the scope of laws" to "within the scope of laws." In addition, in order to systematically adjust the legal reservation provisions, measures will be prepared to secure the effectiveness of autonomous legislative rights only when local laws and regulations with invasive contents such as rights restrictions or obligations can be enacted. In addition, the main text of Article 28 of the Local Autonomy Act should be revised in accordance with the revision of the Constitution, and the proviso provisions that stipulate legal reservations should be revised or deleted. In addition, local governments' affairs should be refrained from being excessively detailed in individual laws. It is necessary to expand the scope of affairs by transferring affairs suitable for local governments to local governments. However, the strengthening of the above autonomous legislative power should not violate the law and should ultimately be for the rights and interests of residents in compliance with the general principles of the law, such as the principle of trust protection and proportionality.Realizing democratic values through decentralization through strengthening autonomous legislative power is a demand of the times, and I think it should be done professionally in legal regulations as legislative power is strengthened under the responsibility of local governments. To this end, it is considered necessary to revise the Constitution, the Local Autonomy Act, and individual laws and to continue research and education of local councilors through the use of policy experts. Recently, the Local Autonomy Act has been completely revised, and regulations for residents have been strengthened, but it is regrettable that there is no significant difference from the existing framework related to autonomous legislative rights. In order to expand and strengthen autonomous immigration rights in the future, there should be a revision of the law through continuous discussions. 우리의 현행 헌법 제8장은 지방자치제도를 보장하기 위한 규정을 두고 있다. 지방자치는 민주주의 실현을 위해 그 지방의 특성과 실정에 맞게 적절한 행정을 수행하게 하는 형태이다. 지방자치의 실효적 보장을 위해서는 지방자치단체의 자치입법권을 강화할 필요가 있다. 지방자단체의 자치입권을 보장하기 위해 헌법 제117조 제1항과 지방자치법 및 개별 법령에서 규정하고 있으며 지방자치법 제28조는 주민의 권리 제한 또는 의무부과 등 침익적 내용을 제한하기 위해서는 법률의 위임이 필요하다는 규정을 두고 있다. 자치입법권을 강화하는 것은 자율성을 보장하고 그 규율의 범위를 확대하여 지방자치단체가 자치입법에 대해 폭넓은 권한을 주는 것이다. 그러나 자치법규의 입안의 기본원칙에 따라 제한되고 있는 실정이다. 지방자치법은 대립형 구조로 내부기관을 운영하고 있다. 즉 그 기능을 의결기관과 집행기관을 분리하여 상호 견제와 균형을 통한 독립된 임무수행을 도모하는 구조이다. 판례는 법령에서 부여한 지방자치단체장의 전속적인 권한에는 조례안의 제안권이 포함되고, 지방의회가 조례안을 발의하는 것은 지방자치단체장의 전속적인 권한에 속하는 사항에 대해 사전에 적극 개입하는 것이므로 위법하다고 본다. 또한 지방자치단체장의 권한에 속하는 사항을 지방의회가 자치법규를 발의하는 경우 획일적으로 적용할 것이 아니라, 개별사안에 따라 달리 판단할 필요가 있다. 자치입법권을 강화하기 위해 국가 법체계에서 방안을 본다. 지방분권화의 원리와 보충성의 원칙을 헌법에 명문화하여 규범력을 높이고 국가입법권의 지침으로 헌법과 관련하여 논의 할 필요가 있다. 실효적인 권력분립을 위해 입법권이 귀속 되도록 국회와 지방의회에 권한을 부여하고, 경합적으로 규정하여 입법권의 분담을 통해 지방의 입법권을 확대해야 한다. 또한 자치법규가 준법률적 효력을 가질 수 있도록 체계적 지위를 정해야 한다. 행정입법이나 위임입법이 아닌 자치입법권 제한을 개선하기 위해 헌법 117조 제1항의 내용을 ‘법령의 범위 안에서’를 ‘법률에 위반되지 않는 범위에서’로 개정해야 할 것이다. 그리고 법률유보조항을 체계적으로 조정하기 위해 권리제한이나 의무부과 등 침익적 내용의 자치법규를 제정할 수 있어야 자치입법권의 실효성 확보를 위한 방안이 마련될 것이다. 그리고 헌법 개정에 맞추어 지방자치법 제28조 본문을 개정하고, 법률유보를 규정하고 있는 단서 조항을 수정하거나 삭제해야 한다. 또한 지방자치단체의 사무를 지나치게 개별 법령에서 세밀하게 규정하는 것은 자제해야 한다. 지방자치단체가 처리하는 것이 적합한 사무는 지방으로 이양하여 사무범위를 확대할 필요가 있다. 다만, 위와 같은 자치입법권의 강화는 법률에 위반되어서는 안되고 신뢰보호 및 비례의 원칙 등 법의 일반원칙을 준수하여 궁극적으로 주민의 권익을 위한 것이므로 침익적 내용을 제정할 수 있도록 해야한다. 자치입법권 강화를 통해 지방분권을 통한 민주주의 가치를 실현하는 것은 시대적 요구이며, 지방자치단체의 책임하에 입법권한이 강화되는 만큼 법 규정에 있어 전문적으로 해야 한다고 생각한다. 이를 위해 헌법, 지방자치법 및 개별 법령의 개정과 정책전문인력 활용을 통한 연구와 지방의원의 지속적인 교육이 필요하다고 생각된다. 최근 지방자치법이 전부 개정되어 주민을 위한 규정은 강화되었지만 자치입법권과 관련된 기존의 틀과 큰 차이가 없는 점은 아쉬운 점이다. 향후 자치입법권을 확대·강화하기 위해 지속적인 논의를 통해 법 개정이 있어야 한다.

제임스 코너/ 필드 오퍼레이션의 설계경기 작품에 나타난 프로젝트 프로세스 특성에 관한 연구 : 랜드스케이프 어바니즘의 실천적 개념을 중심으로

이강식 울산대학교 대학원 2014 국내석사

현대도시 구조는 정량적 효율성 및 산업화 과정에서 생겨났던 도시공간의 밀집화 과정을 통하여, 도시 전체가 거대한 솔리드(Solid) 판을 형성하게 되었다. 이 밀집된 거대 판들은 서로간의 유기적 관계성이 떨어지고 거주민의 쾌적성과 도시를 구성하는 각 개체들의 고유성 및 장소성을 떨어뜨리고 있다. 이에 현대도시를 바라보는 주요한 담론들은 이제 개발이라는 단어를 넘어 재생의 의미가 더욱 강해져 도시재생이라는 관점을 중요한 화두로 갖게 되었다. 산업화 과정에서 생겨난 산업 유산들이 정보화 시대의 도래에 따라 점점 힘을 잃어가고, 이것들은 도시흐름을 제한하고, 방해하는 요소가 되었다. 이에 이들은 이전(移轉) 요구가 강해지고, 이전에 대한 공감대를 형성하게 됨으로써, 앞에서 얘기한 거대한 도시 솔리드 판에서 하나의 보이드(Void) 공간을 만들어 내면서 밀집형 도시공간이 아닌 도시 경계부 지역으로 대부분 이동하게 된다. 또한 Suburban-Sprawl 현상으로 인한 정제되거나, 계획되어지지 못한 도시의 수평적 확산으로 인한 버려진 도시 보이드 공간들이 늘어나고 있어, 이들에 대한 도시재생 담론의 필요성이 대두하게 되었다. 이 담론들은 정치, 사회, 종교, 철학, 지리, 생태학들 간의 학제간 영역 파괴를 전제로 한 혼성 프로젝트를 요구하게 되며, 또한 이들은 하이브리드(Hybrid)한 영역을 가지게 되고 관계론적이며 전체론적인 접근방식을 요구한다. 이러한 접근방식은 다음과 같은 사고를 요구하게 된다. 첫째, 도시가 가지고 있는 시간성, 즉 시간의 흐름에 따라 변화 되어가는 도시의 생태학적 구조를 중요하게 생각하게 되며 둘째, 도시 내에 형성되고 있는 여러 방향의 흔적들의 생성과 소멸 과정에서 파생되는 각종 인덱스(Index)들의 해석을 통한 접근이 필요하다. 이에 이런 통합적 성격을 띠는 도시적 이슈들을 수용할 수 있는 전체론적 개념이 필요하게 되고 그 접근 방식의 하나로 랜드스케이프 어바니즘적 관점이 대안으로 모색될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 제임스 코너의 설계경기 작품의 프로젝트 프로세스 분석을 통해 도시재생 과정에서 랜드스케이프 어바니즘의 적용 가능성과 랜드스케이프 어바니즘의 근간을 이루는 개념들의 실천적 유용성에 대해 연구함을 목적으로 한다. 연구의 범위 및 방법으로 제임스 코너가 참가하여 1등 안으로 당선된 3가지 각기 다른 성격의 대상지, 즉 도시 부산물의 매립지인 뉴욕의 프레쉬 킬스 파크 및 탈산업화로 생겨난 도시구조물인 하이라인과 기존건축물 재생프로젝트인 시카고의 네이버 피어 프로젝트를 선정하여 설계경기에 제출된 패널과 설계보고서를 중심으로 분석하였다. 분석의 틀은 다수의 랜드스케이프 어바니즘 건축가의 담론들과 랜드스케이프 어바니즘에 대한 제임스 코너의 시각을 사용하였으며 이를 통해 각 작품의 프로젝트 프로세스를 분석하여 랜드스케이프 어바니즘의 실천 개념으로 9가지의 개념을 추출하였다. 이후 추출된 9가지 개념들은 각각의 대상지에서 어떠한 실천전략으로 나타나는가를 살펴보았으며 그 결과 도시 전체를 경관적 개념을 가지고 프로세스 위주의 설계로 접근하는 랜드스케이프 어바니즘은 도시재생 과정에서 유의한 적용 가능성을 보이며 각 개념들의 실천전략은 현대도시에서 나타나는 혼성적 성격의 사회적 생태성을 수용하는데 유용성을 가지는 것으로 보였다.