보조사 ‘-요’의 음장 변화에 따른 청자의 지각 차이 비교

윤은경(Yoon Eunkyung),김슬기(Kim Sulki) 한국음성학회 2011 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.3 No.4

This paper investigates whether listeners perceive a different level of politeness when the duration of the Korean sentence-final auxiliary particle ‘-yo’ is varied. A total of 10 Korean sentences were manipulated by lengthening and shortening ‘-yo’ by 10%, 20%, and 30%. The participants included native Korean speakers and Chinese and Japanese learners of Korean (n=10, respectively). They were asked to rate the level of politeness of the stimuli on a 9-point scale. It was found that Korean listeners perceived decreased politeness as the duration of ‘-yo’ was shortened and increased politeness as it was lengthened. However, Chinese and Japanese listeners did not perceive a different level of politeness from the manipulated sentences. This finding suggests that it is important to teach L2 speakers that the duration of the auxiliary particle ‘-yo’ plays a role in Korean listeners’ perception of politeness.

勞瘵에 대한 고찰 : 결핵과의 비교를 중심으로

尹銀卿(Yoon Eunkyung),金鍾鉉(Kim Jong-hyun) 대한한의학원전학회 2021 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Objectives : The Korean Medical concept Nochae(勞瘵) has been identified as tuberculosis, which is defined as an infectious disease caused by Myobacterium Tuberculosis. However, this identification requires re-examination. Methods : The historical context of tuberculosis was examined, followed by examination of Nochae(勞瘵) as explained in the classical medical texts. The findings were compared. Results : Before tuberculosis was defined by Myobacterium Tuberculosis, there were various discussions on the disease, which overlapped greatly with Nochae(勞瘵). On the other hand, there were notable distinctions as well, which suggest key characteristics of Nochae(勞瘵). Conclusions : Tuberculosis pre-bacteria was understood as a consumptive and infectious disease manifested in symptoms in the Lungs. Nochae(勞瘵) was not defined by its lesion but rather within the contexts of deficiency-fatigue and being caused by parasites called Chung(蟲). Moreover, emotional fatigue was understood as the main cause of Nochae(勞瘵).

臨産徵候에 대한 韓醫學的 考察

윤은경(Yoon Eunkyung)(尹銀卿) 대한한의학원전학회 2020 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.33 No.4

Objectives : 본고는 현대의 출산 경향이 정상 출산에 대한 부분적인 지식과 왜곡된 이해로부터 비롯된다는 문제의식 하에 신체에서 벌어지는 현상을 위주로 정상 출산의 모습을 제시하고자 했다. Method : 한의학 문헌에 나타난 임산 징후 내용을 통해 산모의 몸에서 일어나는 변화와 그 기전을 고찰하고, 태아의 변화는 十개월째 태아의 발달과정의 내용을 바탕으로 산모의 몸에서 일어나는 변화와 연관 지어 살펴보았다. Result : 임산 시에 나타나는 위와 같은 징후는 産母의 몸에서 일어나는 변화를 반영하며, 이러한 변화는 子宮을 중심으로 관련 경맥과 장부에서 일어난다. 한편 태아 측에서도 출산을 위한 준비를 하는데, 산모가 태아를 몸 밖으로 내보내기 전까지 스스로 움직일 준비와 모체와 분리하기에 충분한 神이 갖추어지는 것이다. Conclusion : 출산 과정은 胎兒의 배출로 귀결되는 불필요하며 최대한 단축해야 하는 기간이 아니라 원활한 출산을 위해 필수적인 변화가 産母와 胎兒에게서 일어나는 시간이다. Objectives : This paper discusses Normal Birth in the Korean Medical context with a focus on bodily phenomena, with an aim to shed new light on what happens to mothers and the fetuses at the time of birth. Methods : Based on contents in the medical classics, changes that happen to the mother’s body and their mechanisms were examined, followed by changes that happen in the fetus. The developments that happen to the fetus in the final month of pregnancy were studied in relation to aforementioned findings on the mother. Results : Signs of birth presented in the mother’s body are manifestations of bodily changes that happen in a network with certain channels/meridians and viscera/bowels surrounding the uterus. The fetus prepares for birth as well, moving downwards into the mother’s pelvis and his/her shen(神) getting prepared for separation from the mother’s body. Conclusions : The birth process is not a race towards a finish line that ends with the birth of the fetus. It is rather a time wherein necessary changes in both the mother and the fetus takes place for a smooth and healthy birth.

한국어 강세의 산출과 지각 -한국어와 중국어 모어 화자를 대상으로-

윤은경 ( Eunkyung Yoon ),자오원카이 ( Wenkai Cao ) 이중언어학회 2016 이중언어학 Vol.62 No.-

The current study conducted experiments on the production and perception of accents by Korean (KG) and Chinese (CG) speakers to establish a theoretical ground for utilizing accents to teach Korean pronunciation. The production of accents was analyzed; KG and CG speakers read out two-syllable nonsense words in three different accents three separate times with (1) natural utterances, (2) the accent on the first syllable, and (3) the accent on the second syllable. First, the result of the analysis indicates that in the case of natural utterances, the pitches of KG and CG speakers were similar. As for the sound length, KG speakers pronounced the second syllable much longer than the first syllable, both of which were longer than when pronounced by CG speakers. Second, when the accent was on the first syllable, the pitch was high. In this case, experiments on perception revealed that the pitch of the first syllable was similar to the first tone(high level) of the Chinese language. As for the sound length, the first syllable (with the accent) was pronounced the longest by both KG and CG speakers. This phenomenon was more clearly observed in production of accents by women in both groups. Finally, when the accent was on the second syllable, the pitch showed a rise-fall pattern for both groups, in which the first syllable started at a low pitch and rose to the peak on the second syllable before falling. Experiments showed that accents were perceived in a manner similar to the fourth tone(falling pattern) of the Chinese language. The sound length was the longest on the second syllable (with the accent) for both KG and CG speakers. Interestingly, the pitch of the accented syllable, whether it was the first or second syllable, was higher for KG speakers than it was for CG speakers. Therefore, when teaching Chinese speakers the correct pronunciation of Korean as a foreign language, it must be kept in mind that the Chinese speaker`s pitch may not be as high as that of the Korean speaker; furthermore, Chinese speakers may consider sound length more important than the pitch.

한국어 남성 교원의 여성스러운 말투에 대한 사회언어학적 청자 변인 연구

윤은경 ( Eunkyung Yoon ),곽선우 ( Sunwoo Kwak ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2017 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.75

The purpose of this paper is to investigate listeners` perception on femininity produced by male Korean teachers. This paper examined a detailed analysis of how 80 listeners with the different occupations(including teaching experiences), dialects, and genders judge the speech samples of the femininity using a five-point Likert scale. First, it was found that the listener group of Korean language teachers tend to be less sensitive than non-teachers to femininity in the speech of men teachers. Second, listeners of the Gyeongsang dialect were more sensitive to femininity in male speech than listeners of the Seoul dialect or Jeolla dialect(the lowest scores). Third, the majority of male listeners gave higher scores for femininity to female speakers than to male speakers while all female listeners were sensitive to femininity in male speech. The findings in the present study suggest that listeners` backgrounds do affect the evaluation of a paralinguistic cue, such as femininity in question, in the speech utterances of Korean male language teachers.

의사소통 전략으로서의 언어적, 비언어적 한·중 청자반응 유형 대조

윤은경 ( Yoon Eunkyung ),정염 ( Ding Yan ) 국제어문학회 2021 국제어문 Vol.- No.91

본 연구는 한·중 청자반응 표현에 대한 윤은경·정염(2021) 연구를 확장하는 것을 연구 목적으로 삼는다. 언어적 및 비언어적 청자반응 유형의 차이를 한국어와 중국어 청자를 대상으로 살펴보았다. 청자반응 표현의 빈도는 사회적 지위와 인간관계의 친밀도에 따라 측정되었다(교수 대 지인). 이 연구를 위해 총 45명의 참가자가 모집되어 세 집단 중 하나에 배정되었다. 그 결과 한한(한국어 청자) 집단과 중중(중국어 청자) 집단은 지인보다 교수와 대화할 때 청자반응 표현을 더 많이 사용한 반면 한중(한국어 화자 + 중국어 청자) 집단에서는 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 특히 한한 집단은 언어 표현보다 거의 2배에 가까운 비언어적 또는 복합적(언어적 + 비언어적) 청자반응 표현을 사용했으나, 중중 집단은 언어적 표현을 선호했다. 반면, 한한 집단과 중중 집단은 공통적으로 지인과 대화할 때보다는 교수와 대화할 때 비언어적 표현을 더 많이 사용했다. 최근까지 한국어 교육에 대한 연구에서 언어적 또는 비언어적 청자반응 표현은 관심을 받지 못했다. 그러나 청자반응의 실패는 의사소통에 큰 지장을 줄 수 있다는 점에서 보다 면밀한 연구가 필요하다는 점을 확인했다는 데 연구 의의가 있다. This study expands Yoon and Ding’s (2021 to appear) investigation of listeners’ responses as conversational strategies. Verbal and non-verbal backchannels were cross-linguistically investigated among native Korean and Chinese speakers. The frequency of the backchannels was measured according to their social status and the intimacy level of relationships(professors vs. friends). A total of 45 participants were recruited and assigned to one of three groups. The results revealed that the GK (Korean-only) and GC (Chinese-only) groups used more backchannels when conversing with professors than friends, whereas no significant difference was observed within the KC (Korean+Chinese) group. In particular, the GK group used non-verbal or combined (verbal + non-verbal) backchannel expressions almost twice as much as verbal expressions, while the GC group preferred verbal expressions. Both the GK and GC groups used non-verbal backchannels more than verbal ones when talking to professors than when talking to friends. Until recently, verbal or non-verbal backchannels have been neglected in research on Korean language education; however, research on backchannels is necessary in that its failure can significantly impede communication.

한·중 청자의 음높이 변화에 대한 지각 연구

윤은경 ( Eunkyung Yoon ),자오원카이 ( Wenkai Cao ) 국제한국어교육학회 2017 한국어 교육 Vol.28 No.3

This study aimed to identify the differences in pitch perception between tonal and non-tonal language listeners. A total of 60 Korean and Chinese listeners participated in the perception test. A two-syllable nonsense word /paba/ was manipulated in five steps. The pitch height or contour on the second syllable was raised or lowered. Both groups were asked to select which of the two syllables had the higher pitch. The findings showed that the majority of Korean listeners (GK) perceived decreased pitch as each peak of the syllable was lowered and perceived increased pitch as it was raised, which means the pitch height is a primary perceptual cue for GK. However, Chinese listeners (GC) perceived sensitive pitch movements as the pitch contour changed. GC`s perception may presumably be affected by the L1`s tone sandhi. We found it reasonable to assume that language experience has a significant effect on the cross-linguistic perceptual differences between tone and non-tonal language listeners. (Daegu Cyber University·Hankuk University of Foreign Studies)

방언 간 코드 스위칭으로 인한 감정 발화의 음성적 변화: 예비 한국어 교원을 대상으로

윤은경 ( Eunkyung Yoon ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2016 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.70

This paper identified phonetic characteristics of emotional expression in speech. For the perception test, we asked participants that use Seoul or Daegu dialects to speak in four stages of anger. The results showed that listeners perceived a higher level of anger from men who use the Daegu dialect than from men who use the Seoul dialect. As for the production test, the similar results as in the perception test were observed. A multiple regression analysis provides a conclusion that f0 and sound elongation affected the perceived level of anger the most. Just as the pattern of the nuclear tone HLH% and LHL% were crucial. This study showed that emotional expression in speaking varies widely by the speaker`s dialect, and the elongation of the nuclear tone and its pattern could provide the theoretical implication in assessing the expression of emotions in speaking.

의료인류학의 연구동향과 전망: 개념의 전개와 의료사와의 접점을 중심으로

윤은경(YOON Eunkyung),김태우(KIM Taewoo) 대한의사학회 2020 醫史學 Vol.29 No.3

This study explores the history of research in Medical Anthropology by examining key concepts in the field with a focus on their relevance with findings from the field of History of Medicine. The concepts discussed in this paper are Medical Pluralism, Social Suffering, Biopolitics, and Care. Since concepts internalize the ethnographic gaze, what this paper aims is to trace the development of the gaze on a historical axis. Although concepts come from a specific historical period, they are by no means exclusive to it, as they are revisited again and again through various discourses. In other words, the insight that the previous meaning of a concept has grasped is instilled into the revisited concept. In this way, concepts engage in historical communication, create intersections with the interests of History of Medicine. By discussing these intersections with each concept, this paper suggests the complementary roles of the two fields and their approach to historical events and phenomena.

韓醫學 文獻에 나타난 子宮에 對한 考察

尹銀卿(Yoon Eunkyung),白裕相(Baik Yousang) 대한한의학원전학회 2016 대한한의학원전학회지 Vol.29 No.4

Objectives : The uterus plays an important role in the woman’s body. In Korean Medical literature, the uterus is mentioned in various contexts according to different perspectives on its meaning and function. An examination of these various contexts is crucial in understanding the meaning of the uterus and to better understand and approach woman’s body. Methods : Aside from the most widely used term Jagung(子宮), there were various terms used to refer to the uterus. Based on a list of these terms, the Siku Qianshu collection of medical literatures was investigated. Contents related to the definition, shape, location, function were extracted and examined. Results : Among the findings, first, there were various terms referring to the uterus similar to contemporary understanding. Some of them referred to the uterus as a whole, while others referred to specific parts, one of which is the placenta. Some reflected a broader perspective on the meaning of the uterus. Second, the functions of the uterus could be summarized as gate keeping, and the maintenance of uterine environment that is related to menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth. Third, based on the examination of the meaning of the uterus and its functions, perspectives on the uterus in Korean Medicine could be summarized into two. Conclusions : One viewed uterus as an organ dedicated to reproduction, similar to today’s common understanding. According to this view, uterus is a special organ specific to women, which functions as an incubator for the fetus. The other viewed the uterus as an intangible source of life in the woman’s body. As a general source of life to all human beings, it is not a passive organ but functions as an active source in woman s life phenomena. The two perspectives are not in conflict, but rather reflect the broad range of thought on the concept of the uterus in Korean Medicine. In today’s biomedical society, the diversity and flexibility of these perspectives could shed light on medical practices that have resulted from extreme views on the woman’s body.