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2019년 카자흐스탄 권력승계 연구: 권력복점의 제도화를 중심으로
윤도원 서울대학교 아시아연구소 2020 아시아리뷰 Vol.10 No.1
This paper analyzes the case of Kazakhstan power succession in 2019. The succession of power is pointed out as one of the most threatening aspects in the continuation of authoritarian spells. However, the authoritarian ruling coalition of Kazakhstan achieved stable power succession through abdication in 2019. This type of power succession minimized uncertainty in the succession process, although the possibility of conflict between the incumbent and predecessor is present in the abdication. Kazakhstan sought to control this conflict through institutionalization of power duopoly. Such institutionalization is known to attribute toward the resolution of commitment and collective action problem among the elites in the ruling coalition. The Kazakhstan way of power succession will continue to be observed in the future from other personalist authoritarian regimes. With the rising wave of autocratization and the increasing number of personalist authoritarian regimes, the power succession through abdication will remain as a significant option for personalist dictators. 본 논문은 2019년에 발생한 카자흐스탄의 권력승계 사례를 분석한다. 권력승계는 권위주의 체제지속에 있어서 가장 위협적인 국면 중 하나로 지적된다. 그렇지만 2019년 카자흐스탄의 권위주의 통치연합은 권력양위를 통해서 안정적인 권력승계를 달성했다. 해당 유형의 권력승계는 승계과정의 불확실성을 최소화하였다. 그럼에도 권력양위는 전임자와 현직자 간의 갈등가능성을 내포한다. 카자흐스탄은 전임자와 현직자 간의 갈등을 권력복점의 제도화를 통해 제하고자 했다. 이러한 권력복점의 제도화는 통치 연합 엘리트들의 확약 문제와 집단행동문제를 해소하는데 기여하고 있다. 카자흐스탄식 권력승계는 향후 다른 개인 권위주의 국가들에서도 관측될 것이다. 권위주의 물결의 대두와 함께 개인 권위주의 체제가 증가하고 있는 현실에서 개인 독재자에게 권력양위형 권력승계는 유의미한 선택지로 남아 있을 것이기 때문이다.
구개상악재건을 위한 유리피판술에서 다양한 공여부의 선택
윤도원,민희준,김지예,이원재,정섬,정윤규,Yoon, Do-Won,Min, Hee-Jun,Kim, Ji-Ye,Lee, Won-Jae,Chung, Seum,Chung, Yoon-Kyu 대한미세수술학회 2011 Archives of reconstructive microsurgery Vol.20 No.1
Purpose: A palatal defect following maxillectomy can cause multiple problems like the rhinolalia, leakage of foods into the nasal cavity, and hypernasality. Use of a prosthetic is the preferred method for obturating a palate defect, but for rehabilitating palatal function, prosthetics have many shortcomings. In a small defect, local flap is a useful method, however, the size of flap which can be elevated is limited. In 12 cases of palatomaxillary defect, we used various microvascular free flaps in reconstructing the palate and obtained good functional results. Method: Between 1990 and 2004, 12 patients underwent free flap operation after head and neck cancer ablation, and were reviewed retrospectively. Among the 12 free flaps, 6 were latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps, 3 rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps, and 3 radial forearm flaps. Result: All microvascular flap surgery was successful. Mean follow up time was 8 months and after the follow up time all patients reported satisfactory speech and swallowing. Wound dehiscence was observed in 4 cases, ptosis was in 1 case and fistula was in 1 case, however, rhinolalia, leakage of food, or swallowing difficultly was not reported in the 12 cases. Conclusion: We used various microvascular flaps for palatomaxillary reconstruction. For 3-dimensional flap needs, we used the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap to obtain enough volume for filling the defect. Two-dimensional flaps were designed with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap, rectus abdominis flap and radial forearm flap. For cases with palatal defect only, we used the radial forearm flap. In palatomaxillary reconstruction, we can choose various free flap techniques according to the number of skin paddles and flap volume needed.
측두두정근막 자유피판술을 이용한 수부재건의 장기추적조사
윤도원,김지예,양은정,정윤규,Yoon, Do-Won,Kim, Jiye,Yang, Eun Jung,Chung, Yoon-Kyu 대한미세수술학회 2013 Archives of reconstructive microsurgery Vol.22 No.1
Purpose: Soft tissue defect of the hand, which cannot be covered with skin graft or local flap, is usually reconstructed using a free flap. Temporoparietal fascial free flap is one of the best alternatives for functional reconstruction of the hand with exposed tendons, bones, and joints. Materials and Methods: We have experienced four cases of reconstruction using a temporoparietal fascial flap with a skin graft and followed up for 20 years. We conducted a retrospective review of the patients' clinical charts and photos. Results: At the time of initial injury, the average age of patients was 50.3 (39~62) years. The radial artery was used for reconstruction of the dorsal side of the hand, whereas the ulnar artery was used for that of the volar side of the wrist. Short term complication such as skin graft loss and donor site alopecia occurred. However, during the long term follow-up period, no change of flap volume was noted, and full range of motion in the adjacent joint was maintained. In addition, hyperpigmentation of the grafted skin on the flap disappeared gradually. Conclusion: Selection of the optimal flap is important for reconstruction of the hand without functional limitation. We obtained satisfactory soft tissue coverage and functional outcomes using a temporoparietal fascial free flap and followed up for 20 years.
A Dermal Turnover Flap for Treating the Accessory Tragus
윤도원,정윤규 대한성형외과학회 2011 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.38 No.6
Purpose: Accessory tragus is a fairly common congenital malformation and usually located at pretragal area. Surgical removal is a common treatment of accessory tragus irrespective of location and morphology. Most accessory tragi do not have depression site around them,but some do. So in those cases, simple surgical excision was not enough to promote the aesthetic facial appearance. For depression site remodeling, the excess amount of skin and cartilage need to be remained partially instead of total excision. This method can achieve the symmetric contour of pretragal area. The authors excised the epidermis and cartilaginous tissue totally and remained the dermis for reconstruction of the depression site around accessory tragus. The depression site is filled with dermal turnover flap. The purpose of this report is to present new idea to promote cosmetic result in treatment of accessory tragus containing the depression site. Methods: Two patients had a pair of accessory tragi at pretragal area. One was a common featured accessory tragus, but the other was different. Depression site was found around accessory tragus. After epidermis and cartilaginous tissue were removed from it, dermis component was used as turnover flap for reconstruction of depression site. Results: After accessory tragus was removed and depression site was reconstructed, facial contour and cosmetic result was achieved. Complication such as flap necrosis and wound dehiscence was not observed. Conclusion: The accessory tragus has variant morphology and degree of invasive depth. And some has a depression site around them. In those cases, simple surgical removal results in morphological distorsion and do not promote facial symmetry. The authors suggest dermal turnover flap as reconstruction method of the depression site. This method improves both surgical outcome and cosmetic result.